BIOBUTANOL- AN ADVANCED BIOFUEL

GUIDED BY PRESENTED BY

Dr GIRIDHAR R. NAIR ANJANA S. NAIR Roll No:7102

CONTENTS What is a Biofuel ?? Bioethanol Biodiesel Introduction to biobutanol Strains and substrate used and corresponding yields Genetic engineering in biobutanol production Bioreactors for biobutanol production Bioseparation Biobutanol production and major challenges Conclusion Recommendations Reference

What is a BIOFUEL?? Type of energy derived from renewable plant and animal material Burns cleanly Commonly used biofuels:- Ethanol Biodiesel Biobutanol

BIOETHANOL Alcohol Commonly made from corn or sugarcane Used as an engine fuel

BIOETHANOLADVANTAGES Can be blended with other fossil fuels Reduces greenhouse gases Biodegradable

DISADVANTAGES Needs large amount of land to produce biomass More than 10% ethanol content is not compatible

BIODIESEL A substitute for diesel fuel Commonly made from soybeans, based on oil Used in trucks, diesel cars, etc.

BIODIESELADVANTAGES Performs just like normal diesel Causes less air pollution and is biodegradable. Does not contain sulphur Produces 78% less carbon dioxide than diesel

DISADVANTAGES More expensive than diesel Attracts moisture

BIOFUELS

BIOETHANOL

BIOGAS

BIODIESELBIOBUTANOL

INTRODUCTION TO BIOBUTANOL

Second generation alcoholic fuel Has higher > energy density > polarity > combustion value > octane rating Less corrosive Less volatile

INTRODUCTION TO BIOBUTANOL Produced by fermentation Cost depends on the price of feed stock Cheaper sources are agricultural wastes, cheese whey, etc. Separation by distillation

INTRODUCTION TO BIOBUTANOLPRODUCTION DIFFICULTIES Product Inhibition Anaerobic fermentation Formation of azeotrops during separation

PROPERTIES OF BIOBUTANOL

ALTERNATIVE NAMES 1-Butanol,Butyl alcohol, Butyl hydroxide, Methylopropane, propylcarbinol

IUPAC NAME Butan-1-olMOLECULAR FORMULA C4H10OMOLAR MASS 74.122 g / molDENSITY 0.8098 g/cm3

VISCOSITY -89.5oCBOILING POINT 117.7oCFLASH POINT 35OC

ADVANTAGES OF BIOBUTANOL Can be blended with gasoline in higher amounts Can be transported via existing infrastructure Can be produced using same fermentation plants and

same sugar and cellulosic feedstock as ethanol Has a higher theoretical yield than glucose or other

glucose equivalents

ADVANTAGES OF BIOBUTANOL Enhanced tolerance to water contamination Better fuel economy due to higher energy density Oxygenated fuels can reduce HC- and CO-emissions

because of improved combustion efficiency

DIFFERENT STRAINS AND SUBSTRATE USED AND CORRESPONDING YIELDS

MICROORGANISM SUBSTRATE YIELD C. acetobutylicum Cheese whey 15% for 0.54 h-1

dilution

Cassava bagasse 32% ,76.4 g.l-1

C. beijerinckii Corn Stover 43%,18.04 g.l-1

of total solvent

Glucose 17.54 g.l-1 butanol

MICROORGANISMS SUBSTRATE YIELD C. sporogenes

Rice straw 3.49 g.l-1 butanol,

5.32 g. l -1 total

solvent

C. pasteurianum

Glycerol 8.8 g.l-1

DIFFERENT STRAINS AND SUBSTRATE USED AND CORRESPONDING YIELDS

METABOLISM OF CLOSTRIDIA STRAIN

Acidogenesis - substrate acids Solventogenesis -substrates & acid solvents

GENETIC ENGINEERING IN BIOBUTANOL PRODUCTION

Modified strainsInserting over expressing genesIntroducing genes of C. acetobutylicum

into E. coli and yeast

BIOREACTORS FOR BIOBUTANOL PRODUCTION

Anaerobic bioreactors. Operations for production can be accomplished in > batch > fed-batch > continuous modes Continuous packed bed reactors can be used. Batch reactor is preferred.

SourceReactor

Clostridium

Biobutanol

BIOREACTORS

BIOSEPERATION Mainly by distillation Continuous recovery by Adsorption Gas stripping Liquid-liquid interaction Flash fermentation

BIOSEPERATION- FLOW CHART

PRODUCTION – FLOW CHART

BIOBUTANOL PRODUCERS

BUTAMAXTM

CATHAY COBALT TECHNOLOGIES

MAJOR CHALLENGES FOR BIOBUTANOL

Low butanol concentration Product inhibition Expensive

CONCLUSION An advanced biofuel Has many advantages Still there are problems to rectify Commercially produced in Europe and North America Asia Pacific and rest of the world is still depending on

conventional fossil fuels

Energy crisis afflicted country like India can produce biobutanol commercially

Can be produced from banana peel, bamboo, waste paper, vegetable skins, etc.

Aerobic fermentation using TU- 103 , a clostridium sp.

RECOMMENDATIONS

REFERENCES1. Luiz J Visioli, Heveline Enzweiler, Raquel C Kuhn, Marcio Schwaab and Marcio

A Mazutti : Recent advances on biobutanol production, 2014; 2:15, 97105-900.

2. Durre P. Biobutanol: an attractive biofuel. Biotechnol J. 2007;2:1525-34.

3. Kumar M, Gayen K: Developments in biobutanol production: New insights. Appl Energ 2011, 88:1999–2012.

4. Chen WH, Chen YC, Lin JG: Evaluation of biobutanol production from non- pretreated rice straw hydrolysate under non-sterile environmental conditions. Bioresour Technol 2013, 135:262–268.

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