BIO1 - Fungi and Funguslike Protists

7/29/2019 BIO1 - Fungi and Funguslike Protists

1/21

FUNGI AND THE

FUNGUS-LIKE PROTISTS


2/21

TaxonomyWhich of these are fungus-like protists and which are fungi?

Can you identify the group to which they belong

(phylum name/common name)?

www.picturesandwords.co.uk, www.mycology.adelaide.edu.au, sciencemanblog.blogspot.com,morgellonsresearchgroup.com, www.rfpp.ethz.ch, www.cloudforest.com, www.samcooks.com


3/21

Mode of Nutrition

Nidulariales(birds nest fungus)

Brefeldia(tapioca slime)

What do these pictures show you about how these organisms obtain nutrients?

Why is their mode of nutrition ecologically significant?

www.micologia.net, en.wikipedia.org


4/21

Cytological Structure

Centriole Unicellular/multicellular?

www.crabyon.it, idv.sinica.edu.tw


5/21

They

move!!!Picture shows

motility ofFuligo

septica; the white

substanceindicates former

position of

plasmodium


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They dont

move.Fungi are

nonmotile;

instead, mycelia

branch outthrough their food

source at a fast

rate (~1km/day).

fairyroom.com


7/21

Life Cycles

Why are myxomycetes useful in studies of

cytoplasmic streaming?

museumofdust.blogspot.com


8/21

Life Cycles

Why are acrasiomycetes useful in studies of

developmental biology?

lichencolony.wordpress.com


9/21

Life Cyclesjordanbuckner.blogspot.com


10/21

MORE ABOUT SLIME MOLDS


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Examples of myxomycetes

Physarum Comatricha typhoides;spores w/in are evident

Lycogala epinendrum

(wolfs milk)Stemonitis splendens

(chocolate tube slime)

Arcyris denudata

(carnival candy slime)

jordanbuckner.blogspot.com, www.sanamyan.com, www.environment.gov.au


12/21

Examples of myxomycetesDifferentstages of the

life cycle of

Tubifera

ferruginosa

(red raspberry

slime):Close-up, showing tightly-

packed sporangia

(Left) Red fruiting bodymaturing into brown stage;

(right) fruiting body already inbrown stage, w/ bits of red

Mature fruiting body

(like mass of brown cigars)

Different

stages of the

life cycle of

Fuligo septica

(dog vomit

slime):

Early stages feeding on

wood chips

Plasmodium with color

of peanut butter

Spore-bearing mass not

composed of individual

sporangia; red, blood-like

spots are liquefied

breakdown of tissue

Mature fruiting body

with crusty powdery

surface resembling

cement; just below

surface are masses of

spores resembling fine

brown dustwww.messiah.edu, waynesword.palomar.edu


13/21

Dictyostelium discoideum (an acrasiomycete)

shethought.com


14/21

MORE ABOUT FUNGI


15/21

Structure of Fungi

science.kennesaw.edu, Biology by Miller and Levine


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Life cycle of a mushroom

3 distinct phases

Germination

spores

hyphae

mycelia

Fusion of hyphae Compatible

mating types

Start of N+Nphase

Only hyphaefuse, NOT nuclei!

Growth of N+Nmycelium

jordanbuckner.blogspot.com


17/21

Life cycle of a mushroom

3 distinct phases

Reproductive

success of fungi:

N+N fruiting

bodies:

genetically

different

mycelia

1 round of 3-

phase life cycle:

# of

organisms mycelia often

last for years

jordanbuckner.blogspot.com


18/21

The five phyla of fungi

Phylum(common name)

Examples Characteristics ReproductionAsexual Sexual

Oomycota

Zygomycota

Ascomycota

Basidiomycota

Deuteromycota


19/21

These are the terms that you arranged in class to fill up the table in the previous slide:

1. Amanita, Auricularia polytricha, Ganoderma, Nidulariales, puffballs, rust fungi, stinkhorns

2. Asci that produce ascospores

3. Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Trichophyton; these are all now Ascomycota

4. Basidia that produce basidiospores

5. club fungi

6. common molds

7. Conidia on conidiophores

8. Conidia on conidiophores

9. Fertilization occurs within oogonium, forming diploid spores

10. Flagellated spores form zoosporangia

11. Grow on meat/cheese/bread; coenocytic hyphae may be rhizoids or stolons

12. Hyphae of two mating types fuse to produce a zygospore

13. imperfect fungi

14. Largest fungal phylum

15. Majority resemble ascomycetes, some resemble basidiomycetes, a few resemble zygomycetes

16. Morchella, Peziza, Saccharomyces, truffles

17. None

18. None, or conidia on conidiophores

19. Phytophthora infestans, Saprolegnia

20. Pilobolus, Rhizopus stolonifer

21. sac fungi

22. Spores in sporangiophores

23. Thrive on dead/decaying organic matter in water; plant parasites on land

24. Very diverse group

25. water molds


20/21

Whats so fun about fungi?

Oral thrush caused

by Candida albicans

en.wikipedia.org

Ringworm caused

by Trichophytonwww.webmd.com

Ustilago maydis:

plant pathogen

& Mexican delicacy!www.allposters.com

Puccinia triticina:

plant pathogenwww.popsci.com


21/21

Whats so fun about fungi?

Pleurotus ostreatus:

carnivorous funguskinoko-ya.sakura.ne.jp

Ophiocordyceps unilateralis:zombie-ant fungus

www.nature.com

Lichenswww.botany.hawaii.edu

Mycorrhizae

www.mycorrhizae.com

BIO1 - Fungi and Funguslike Protists

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