BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHYBy N.Tenzin. Head Librarian, RBKIA

A presentation of the MdN LRTC

What is a Bibliography?A bibliography is an alphabetical list of every source used to research and write the essay.

TYPES OF FORMATS FOR BIBLIOGRAPHYMLA: Modern Language AssociationAPA: The American Psychological style Chicago style formatTurabian Harvard style etc.


Different Styles of Bibliography Writing

The MLA format is primarily used for English Literature, and other forms of humanities. The American Psychological style of writing is used for Psychology, and other sciences and social sciences. The Chicago Style format is primarily used for History. Turabian is used for Natural and Social Science


Why must you do a Bibliography?To acknowledge and give credit to sources of words, ideas,diagrams,illustrations,quotations borrowed, or any materials summarized or paraphrased.To show that you are respectfully borrowing other peoples ideas, not stealing them.To offer additional information to your readers who may wish to further pursue your topic.Showing the depth of your research.To give readers an opportunity to check out your sources for accuracy. Avoiding Plagiarism


What must be included in a Bibliography?

AuthorBookEditorNewspaperTitleJournalPlace of PublicationMovieName of Publisher MagazineDate of Publication Online resources Volume and Issue No(Journal)Page No.Same as above (Online document/Internet)


Formatting Notes:

Use a hanging indent to show the beginning of a citation. In other words, the first line of the citation begins at the left margin. Subsequent lines are indented inch from the left margin typically 5 spaces).Double-space all entries in the reference list for APA and MLA.

APA, MLA, and Turabian use italicized type to indicate titles of major works (book titles, journal titles, etc.).With its latest edition of the Handbook, MLA has dropped the requirement for including the URL for materials retrieved online.MLAs current advice is to include the URL only if the source might be difficult to find again or if it is required by a particular teacher or professor.


MLA format sample

BOOKSThe basic format for a book citation requires listing the authors name, the title of the book, the place of publication, the publishers name, and the date of publication. Edited books, when cited in full, will list the editors name instead of an authors name and medium ONE AUTHOR The book written by the author Fifi LaRue, entitled My Fabulous Life: Parisian Flings and Other Things, and published in Paris, France, by the publisher LaPlume in 1992. Note that APA capitalizes only the first word of the title and the first word of the subtitle, while MLA capitalize all significant title words. MLA: LaRue, Fifi. My Fabulous Life: Parisian Flings and Other Things. Paris: LaPlume, 1992. Print.

APA: LaRue, F. (1992). My fabulous life: Parisian flings and other things. Paris: LaPlume.


MLA format sample

TWO AUTHORSExample: A book written by the authors Terrie A. Dactyl and Braun T. Saurus, entitled The Jurys Still Out on Jurassic Park, and published in Raptor, Pennsylvania, by Altamira Press in 1994.

Dactyl, Terrie A. and Braun T. Saurus. The Jurys Still Out on Jurassic Park. Raptor, PA: Altamira Press, 1994. Print.


MLA format sample

BOOK WITH AN EDITORExample:A book edited by Teresa Mae Anklet, entitled Big Bruisers, and published in Montreal,Canada, by Strange Brew Press, 1976. Edited books normally are collections of essays or chapters written by a variety of authors. The editor is responsible for collecting and arranging the contents of the book and might also contribute to the books content.

Anklet, Teresa Mae, ed. Big Bruisers. Montreal: Strange Brew Press, 1976. Print.


MLA format sample A Multivolume WorkExample is based on an article published in volume 26 of the 2008 edition of the Encyclopedia Bibliotica by the author Leroi Faunt. The article dealt with the topic royalty . Faunt, Leroi. Royalty: Encyclopedia Bibliotica.2vols.Cambridge:London,1993. Print. Lauter,Paul,et al.,eds.The Heathe Anthiology of American Literature.5th ed. 5vols. Boston: Houghton, 2006.Print.


MLA format sample NEWSPAPER ARTICLE AUTHOR LISTEDExample :An article by author Alvie Singer, entitled Let Freedom Ring, that was published in the New York Times, January 1, 2001, on page A12.

Singer, Alvie. Let Freedom Ring. New York Times 1 January 2001,: A12. Print. .


MLA format sample MAGAZINE ARTICLESThe basic format for citing a magazine article is similar to the journal format. Required information includes authors name, article title, name of the magazine, date of issue, and inclusive page numbers. Date of access and medium. Example:An article published in the magazine Food Talk. The article, Blue Green Algae Its a Main Course, Its a Shampoo, Its a Floor Wax What Is This Stuff Anyway? was written by author Mack Roe Biotek and was published in the September 28, 1992, issue of the magazine on pages 27-32.

Biotek, Mack Roe. Blue Green Algae Its a Main Course, Its a Shampoo, Its a Floor Wax What Is This Stuff Anyway? Food Talk 28 Sept. 1992: 27-32. Print.Michael,Arlene,and Laura Cohen. A Thousand-Year Plan for Nuclear Waste.Business Week 6 May 2002:94-96.Print


MLA format sample Citing Web Publication 1.Name of the author/Editor/Compiler/director/translator/narrator2.Title of the Work(Italicized if the work is independent and quotation mark if the work is part of a larger work)3.Title of the over all websitePublisher or Sponsor/owner if not available, use N.p.4.Date of pubilcation if no date of publication use n.d.4.Medium of PublicationDate of access(day,month, and year) Eaves,Morris,Robert Essick, and Joseph Viscomi,eds.The William Blake Archive.Lib. Of Cong.,28 Sept.2007.Web.20 Nov.2007.


MLA format sample Citing of Web publication

Non Periodical Publication

A Periodical Publication in an online


MLA format sample Citing A Non periodical Publication

When citing an website which has corporate author, omit any initial article(A,An,The). Start with corporate author. The following example is based on the website for the television network

United State Geological Survey. Waste Water Treatment Water Use.United States.USGS.2011.Web.16.Jul.2011 < http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wuww.html>


Eaves, Morris, Robert Essick, and Joseph Viscomi, eds.The William Blake Archive. Lib. of Cong., 13 Sept. 2010. Web. 20 June. 2011. .


MLA format sampleTolson, Nancy. Making Books Available : The Role of Early Libraries, Librarians, and Booksellers in the Promotion of African American Childrens Literature. African American Review 32.1(1998):9-16,JSTOR.Web.5 June.2008Periodical Publication in an Online Database


MLA format sample INTERVIEWTwo Kinds of InterviewsPublished or BroadcastConducted by Researcher

Published Interview

Gordimer,Jimmy. interview .New York Times 10 Oct.1991,lated ed.:C25.Print


MLA format sample INTERVIEW Interview conducted by researcherGive the name of the person interviewed, the kind of interview(Personal, Telephone interview), and the date.

Tiwari,J.S. Personal interview.10 Dec.2007Reed,Ishmael.Telephone interview.10 Dec.2007


Important Abbreviationn.p. No place of publication given n.p. No publishers given n.d. No date of publication given n.pag. No pagination given


*This presentation could be uploaded on the school website to be accessed from the internet by staff or students, or it could be distributed via the schools network to teachers in the classroom who wish to use it as a presentation tool in their classroom.*Explain what happened At Mountain Pointe to prompt the Governing Boards decision.Explain the importance of this decision and how it affects the students.*Give the students time to come up with their own definitions

Link to the website Plagiarism

*Allow the students time to brainstorm

If necessary, give them some suggestions or encouragement

Papers downloaded from the internetCopying from another students workPortions of text used as your own in a paper without giving credit to the original author

*Take time to analyze the points of the definition.Discuss the use of the word deliberate. What about the student who claims not to know any better?What might it mean adequate acknowledgement of the original source.Is the language too strong is saying that plagiarism is cheating?Point out that this slide has given credit to the source for this quote.

*Take time to analyze the points of the definition.Discuss the use of the word deliberate. What about the student who claims not to know any better?What might it mean adequate acknowledgement of the original source.Is the language too strong is saying that plagiarism is cheating?Point out that this slide has given credit to the source for this quote.

*This text actually came from the website http://sja.ucdavis.edu/sja/avoid.htmNote that it is not credited in the slide. This is an example of plagiarism.!!!*Plagiarism is an extensive problem. Many universities now have honor codes and students can be failed or even expelled if they are found guilty of plagiarism. Oftentimes civic leaders are embarrassed when it is discovered they plagiarized in school it damages the reputation as a sign of a lack of integrity, of laziness, and maybe an indication that the individual is not as smart as they would like everyone to believe.*These websites will allow the teachers to upload full papers or portions of the paper and will search all internet resources to determine if the information is original or has been plagiarized (if not not documented properly.)*USE YOUR OWN WORDS AND IDEAS. Practice is essential to learning. Each time you choose your words, order your thoughts, and convey your ideas, you can improve your writing.AVOID USING OTHERS' WORK WITH MINOR "COSMETIC" CHANGES. Examples: using "less" for "fewer," reversing the order of a sentence, changing terms in a computer code, or altering a spread sheet layout. If the work is essentially the same, give credit. THERE ARE NO "FREEBIES." ALWAYS cite words, information, and ideas you use if they are new to you (learned in your research). No matter where you find it -- even in an encyclopedia or on the Internet -- you cite it! BEWARE OF "COMMON KNOWLEDGE." You don't have to cite "common knowledge," BUT the fact must really be commonly known. That Abraham Lincoln was the U.S. President during the Civil War is common knowledge; that over 51,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died in the Battle of Gettysburg4 is not. WHEN IN DOUBT, CITE. Better to be safe than not give credit when you should!

http://sja.ucdavis.edu/sja/avoid.htm#guidelines

*USE YOUR OWN WORDS AND IDEAS. Practice is essential to learning. Each time you choose your words, order your thoughts, and convey your ideas, you can improve your writing.GIVE CREDIT FOR COPIED, ADAPTED, or PARAPHRASED MATERIAL. If you repeat another's exact words, you MUST use quotation marks and cite the source. If you adapt a chart or paraphrase a sentence, you must still cite. Paraphrase means that you restate the author's ideas, meaning, and information in your own wordsAVOID USING OTHERS' WORK WITH MINOR "COSMETIC" CHANGES. Examples: using "less" for "fewer," reversing the order of a sentence, changing terms in a computer code, or altering a spread sheet layout. If the work is essentially the same, give credit. THERE ARE NO "FREEBIES." ALWAYS cite words, information, and ideas you use if they are new to you (learned in your research). No matter where you find it -- even in an encyclopedia or on the Internet -- you cite it! BEWARE OF "COMMON KNOWLEDGE." You don't have to cite "common knowledge," BUT the fact must really be commonly known. That Abraham Lincoln was the U.S. President during the Civil War is common knowledge; that over 51,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died in the Battle of Gettysburg4 is not. WHEN IN DOUBT, CITE. Better to be safe than not give credit when you should!








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