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Transcript of Better Standards, Better Life IAGA 2010, China Changchun A Proposal for a APMP Key Comparison of a...
Better Standards, Better Life
IAGA 2010, China Changchun
A Proposal for a APMP Key Comparison of a Scalar Quantum Magnetometers
in the Geomagnetic Range
Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS)
Po Gyu Park
V. Ya. Shifrin
D. I. Mendeleyev Institute for Metrology(VNIIM)
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Taking into consideration Resolution 4 of the 21st CGPM
concerning the need to use SI units in studies of Earth resources, the
environment, human well-being and related issues.
Geomagnetic Observatories has presently a worst case accuracy level
of a few nanotesla and that it is necessary to obtain an accuracy at the
level of 0.1 nT. We would like to ask for you support in organizing
within the APMP a key comparison of magnetic flux density(MFD)
standards in the geomagnetic range from 20 μT to 100 μT.
I. Introduction
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This idea was approved at the 22nd CCEM meeting CCEM/WGKC/2000-
12). However it has not been realized till now at the CCEM level.
We are asking for your support in organizing and running the comparison
campaign, in which KRISS and VNIIM could be co-pilots laboratories, with 4
to 6 participating countries of the APMP region and we expect also
participation in this comparison not only of the National Metrology Institutes
(NMI), but also the Earth’s Magnetic Field (EMF) observatories.
I. Introduction
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Meter Convention
CGPMCGPM
•CIPM
BIPMBIPM
•Consultative Committees•Consultative Committees•Regional Metrology
Organizations (RMOs)
•Regional Metrology
Organizations (RMOs)
•National Metrology Institutes (NMIs)•National Metrology Institutes (NMIs)
•48 Member countries
•Held every 4 years
•Held every year
CGPM (Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures,
General Conference of Weights and Measures)
APMPEUROMET
KRISS, NIST
CIPM (Comit'e Internationale des Poids et Mesures, International Committee on Weights and Measures)
BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, International Bureau of Weights and Measures]
CCEM, CCL, CCM
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•RMO : Regional Metrology Organization
EURAMET SIM SADCMET COOMET APMP
•RCAB : Regional Coop. of Accreditation Body
EA : Europe IAAC : America SADCA : Africa CAS-MAS-Q APLAC : Asia
•BIPM/CIPM •ILAC
•국제표준기구
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CIPM-ILAC MoU : Signed on November 3, 2001 IAF-ILAC-ISO MoU : Signed on March 25, 2004 ILAC-OIML MoU : Signed on November 12, 2006 Common Statement and Declaration by BIPM, OIML and ILAC :
Signed on January 23, 2006
•국제표 International Accreditation Forum International Organization of Legal Metrology
• 준력 International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation
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VARIOUS RMOs OF THE WORLDIt was left to the regional metrology organizations (RMOs) to develop guidelines
for acceptable quality systems. In case of our laboratory RMO is Asia Pacific Metrology Program (APMP).
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II. Motivations (technical limitations)
1. Shielded proton gyromagnetic ratio - Physical fundamental constant ; P(gamma prime p)
definition : pure water(H20), spherical shape, 25oC - Proton and Overhauser magnetometers used to Kerosene, Alcohol, etc (cylin. shape) 2. Optical pumping magnetometer(Cs, K, Rb..): vapor gas, no absolute(relative) 3. Phase shifts : NMR signal damping 4. Heading Error (magnetic impurities in sensors, use extremely low magnetic permeability) * Overhauser : omnidirectional sensor (no dead zone and no heading error:theory) * Some optically pumped magnetometers have an inherent heading error5. Reference Frequency ( proton : 0.0426 Hz - 1 nT)
'p P B
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• Transfer std. scalar magnetometers (Proton, Cs , K…) from participators to KRISS
* KRISS, VNIIM, NIM(China), NPLI(India), Kakioka?(Japan), NMIA?(Australia), CMC?(Tiwan), SIRIM?(Maleysia)
• Comparison between KRISS/VNIIM std scalar magnetometers
• KRISS/VNIIM report for KC (protocol and KC results-draftA, B)
• Corrections of measurement data and evaluate the measurement uncertainties for each scalar magnetometer.
III. Process of KC (APMP.EM.M-X)
* Participation deadline : 31 Oct. 2010
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KRISS/VNIIM
NMI1
NMI4
NMI2
NMI3
EMFobs2
EMFobs3
EMFobs1
EMFobs2
EMFobs1
EMFobs2
EMFobs3
EMFobs1
EMFobs1
EMF std
EMF stdNo EMF std
No EMF std
Scalar magnetometers (proton, Cs, K,…) send to KRISS for KC
Process of KC (APMP.EM.M-X)
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Traceability of MFD standards at KRISS
ObservatoryLab.
Cs-AMR
controller
Frequencysynthesizer
Phase comparator
50 m
AMR main current source
Current sources
NonmagneticLab.
Solenoid
Cs
Ver
E - WN-S
GPS Freq. Std.
+-
+ -
U0
0
Oil bath
He AMRmagnetometer
He
Main 3-component coils
Auxiliary 3-component coils
T.V. EMF compensation
P.M EMF compensation
Cs
Currentreproducing set
IV. Magnetic Flux Density Standard (KRISS)
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Magnetic Flux Density Standard (VNIIM)
•Сs
•He
•Cs
•Сs-АМR•sensor
•Frequency •synthesizer
• •Magnetometer •to calibrate
•Phase detector
•Computer
•.
•Current •stabilizer
•(horizontal)•Current
•stabilizer •(vertical)
•Current stabilizer•E-W
•Сs-АМR•sensor•
•StandardСs-He• magntometer
• Frequency •synthesizer
•Phase detector
• Two-volume MFD stabilizer•One-volume MFD stabilizer•3-component MFD
coils•3-component MFD coils
•MFD-gradient•compensator
•AC-MF•compen-
•sator
•Voltage •calibrator
•6-component•dipoles and •coils system
•Correcting variations•coils
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•V. Ya. Shifrin, Po Gyu Park et al., “Experimental estimation of the accuracy of medern scalar quantum magnetometer…”, Phys. Ear. Plan. Inter. 166(2), pp.147-152(2008).
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VII. Discussion
♦ Proposal to organize APMP comparisons of the magnetic flux density standards in a geomagnetic range from 20 µТ to 100 µТ with KRISS and VNIIM co-pilot laboratories(Type A:(0.1 – 0.02) nT, B:(0.1 – 0.2 ) nT)♦ Participation in this key comparison not only of the National Metrology Institutes (NMI), but also the Geomagnetic Observatories.♦ KRISS, VNIIM, NIM(China), NPLI(India), Kakioka?(Japan), NMIA?(Australia), CMC?(Tiwan), SIRIM?(Malaysia)♦ Participation deadline : 31 Oct. 2010
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1. V. Ya. Shifrin, Po Gyu Park et al., “Experimental estimation of the accuracy of medern scalar quantum
magnetometer…”, Phys. Ear. Plan. Inter. 166(2), pp.147-152(2008).
2. P. G. park, Y. G. Kim, V. Ya. Shifrin, "Maintenance of Magnetic Flux Density Standards on the Basis of Proton
Gyromagnetic Ratio at KRISS" IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 54(2), pp.734-737(2005).
3. V. Ya. Shifrin, V.N.Khorev, A.Ye.Shilov and P.G.Park, “The long-term stability of an atomic magnetic
resonance standard system…’, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 52(2), pp.433-435(2003).
4. P. G. Park, Y. G. Kim, V. Ya. Shifrin, and V. N. Khorev, "Precise standard system for low dc magnetic field
reproduction", Rev. Sci. Instrum., 73(8), pp.3107-3111(2002).
5. V. Ya. Shifrin, E. B. Alexandrov, T. I. Chikvadze, V. N. Khorev, Po Gyu Park, “Magnetic flux density standard
for geomagnetometer”, Metrologia, 37(3), pp.219-227 (2000).
6. V. Ya. Shifrin, Po Gyu Park, V. N. Khorev, Chang Ho Choi, C. S. Kim, “A New Low-Field Determination of
the Proton Gyromagnetic Ratio in Water”, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 47(3), pp.638-643(1998).
7. V. Ya. Shifrin, Po Gyu Park, Cheol Gi Kim, V.N. Khorev, Chang Ho Choi, “Experimental Determination of the
Gyromagnetic Ratio of the He-4 Atom in Terms of that of the He-3 Nucleus”, IEEE. Trans. Meas. Instrum
IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 46(2), pp. 97-100 (1997).8. P. J. Mhor, B. N. Taylor and D. B. Newell, “CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constant : 2006”, Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 80,pp. 633~730, April~ June 20089. K. Weyand, “Draft B for key comparison CCEM.M-K1, Magnetic flux density by means of a transfer standard coil”, PTB, Oct., 2003.
References
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Realization of magnetic field unit
Magnetic flux density (B, T = Wb/m2)
1. B generated by a solenoid with known dimensions :
carrying a current known in terms of A90
(T90 ∝ A90 ∝ e)
2. B determined by measuring the force on a conductor
with known dimensions : carrying a current known
in terms of A90 (T90 ∝ 1/A90 ∝ 1/e)
3. B determined by measuring the NMR frequency of
a spherical H2O sample with the proton gyromagnetic ratio
( T90 ∝(h/ 5 )1/2)
*B.N Taylor, IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas., 50(2), pp.563-567, April(2001)
'p P B
O SI Unit : Wb, T, A/mX CGS : Mx. G, Oe
B = oKBI
F = BIL
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Traceability of magnetic flux density standards KRISS
Traceability of MFD standards at KRISS
• NMR & Electromagnet : 40 mT - 2.5 T• Helmholtz coil : 1 mT – 40 mT• Low MFD standard : below 1.2 mT
Nonmagnetic facilities
EMF compensation
Precision quartz solenoid
KRISS/VNIIMp , 4He
determination
NMR standardmagnetometer
Frequency standard
AMR standard magnetometer
Electromagnet(high-field
range)
DC-current standard
Solenoid, EMF-com.(low-field range)
Helmholtz coil(medium-field range)
Calibration of the magnetometer, MF-sources
(20 T ~ 2.5 T)
p 4He
'p P B
ω4He=γ4He∙B
KRISS-VNIIM Results
P = 2.675 154 18 x 108 s-1 T-1 (0.18 x 10-6)
3He = 2.037 895 61 x 108 s-1 T-1 (0.18 x 10-6)
4He = 1 760.788 19 x 108 s-1 T-1 (0.18 x 10-6)