Berlin Industrie 4.0 – Inaugural Meetup Event - Fraunhofer FOKUS Overview

Berlin Industrie 4.0 – Inaugural Meetup Event – 02.11.2016

Time: 45 minutes

3

Good evening.

4

If there is only one thing to remember from this talk…

5

(besides this unusual start)

6

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) constantly communicate & exchange data

and will, in the future, pre-process data locally and be semantically interoperable.

7

This will be an important aspect within all areas of the digital transformation.

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Including Factories of the Future / Smart Factories / Industry 4.0.

9

And today I’ll tell you why and provide a rough overview.

Just this single topic for today.

Now let me tell you a bit of my background.

Where to start?

12© Fraunhofer FOKUS

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The largest organization for applied research in Europe.

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Applied research is the foundation of our organization.

15

The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft worldwide

Dubai

Bangalore

Jakarta

Beijing Seoul

Cairo

Santiago de Chile

Singapore

Brussels

Porto

Vienna

Bolzano Graz

Wrocław

Gothenburg

Salvador

Paris

São PauloCampinas

Stellenbosch

BostonPlymouth

East LansingSan José

NewarkStorrs

Glasgow

SouthamptonDublin

Budapest

TokyoSendai

Osaka

Pretoria

JerusalemCollege Park

Vancouver

LondonHamilton

Zur Lavon

Kuala Lumpur

- Subsidiary- Center- Project Center- ICON / Strategic Cooperation- Representative / Marketing Office- Senior Advisor

16

The Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft at a Glance

24,000 staff

More than 70%is derived from contracts with industry and from publicly financed research projects.

Almost 30%is contributed by the German federal and Länder Governments.

67 institutes and research units Fina

nce

volu

me

€2.1 billion

2015

Co

ntr

act

Res

earc

h

€1.8 billion

Major infrastructure capital expenditure and defense research

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n ICT

n Life Sciencesn Light & Surfaces

n Microelectronics

n Production

n Materials and Componentsn Defense and Security

Fraunhofer Groups


Fraunhofer Layer Model of Industrie 4.0 Value Creation

ENTERPRISE TRANSFORMATION

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY

PRODUCTION

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...that are related to Industry 4.0 and incorporate over 20 different own institutes.

Fraunhofer is involved in over 330 research projects

21

Our vision: We want to actively shape the networked world and make it secure, reliable, scalable as well as trustworthy!

The Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems

This should have given a rough overview of my background.

Why are we focusing on Smart Manufacturing?

What is Germany known for?

http://cliparts.co

© Fraunhofer FOKUS

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There is a paradigm shift going on

https://youtu.be/3xGoBlI_fdg

What’s the Matter with Owen?

27

Disclaimer: there is no connection between me and the advertised company

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Video | What’s the matter with Owen?

https://youtu.be/3xGoB

lI_fdg

29

“grandpappy's hammer”

vs.“…to allow these machines to share information with each other…”

� ��

the past present age the future

the past

� ��

To know your future

you must know your past

George Santayana(picture: Columbia University)

32


It all started with this…

https://de.wikipedia.org/w

iki/Industrielle_Revolution

34

Video | my son is fascinated by a real steam engine


Power-Suppy sources in GB (1760-1907)

VenionaireInvestm

ent

0 PS

2.000 PS

4.000 PS

6.000 PS

8.000 PS

10.000 PS

12.000 PS

0,00%

20,00%

40,00%

60,00%

80,00%

100,00%

1760 1800 1830 1870 1907

Wind Wasser Dampf Totalwind water steam total


The industrial revolution

End of 18th century

First Industrial RevolutionMechanical production powered by water and steam

Com

plexity

You can choose any color you want

as long it is black.

Henry Ford(picture: philanthropyroundtable)

37


Invention of the assembly-line work

VenionaireInvestm

ent

$780

$490

720

90

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1911 1914

Price [USD] Time to manufacture [min]



End of 18th century Start of 20th Century

Second Industrial RevolutionMass production based on division of labour and electrical energy


Com

plexity

� ��

the past

��

present age

�

They said: ‘you can’t do that.

It’s against the rules.‘

Dick Morley (picture: cyon research)

43

Before mainly relays, timers and dedicated closed-loop controllers were used.


Around 1965

Tofino Security

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Updating such facilities was very time consuming and expensive.


Morley worked on Programmable Logic Controllers since 1968

CPUInput Module

Output Module

Power Supply

API


The original 084

Autom

ation.com


Since then PLC’s evolved

profibusgroup.com


5 layer automation pyramid

ERP

MES

SCADA

PLC

I/O


Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA)

Inductive automation


Manufacturing Execution System (MES)

Werum

IT Solutions


Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Servoy



End of 18th century Start of 20th Century Start of 70’s

Third Industrial RevolutionElectronics & IT for further automatization of production



Com

plexity

��

present age

�

� �

the future�

It’s difficult to make predictions

unknown

It’s difficult to make predictions, especially about the future.

The Internet

has become one of the motors

of the 21st century economy.

Vint Cerf(picture: relatably)


Number of worldwide Internet users in millions

ITU; W

orld Bank; U

nited Nations

0

500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

3.500

4.000

'97 '98 '99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16

60

We know what happened with over 3 billion connected users.

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More connected devices than people

Cisco IB

SG

, April 2011

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What will happen when over 50 billion machines are connected?

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The Internet of Things

The Connectivistbased on C

isco data

64

SMART

Factory

Grid

Machine

City

Transportation

SMARTPhone

Wearable

TV

Appliances

Home

ConnectivityData Exchange

INDUSTRIALInternet of Things

CONSUMERInternet of Things

Industrial vs Consumer IoT

MoorInsights

&Strategy 's

reportSegmenting

theInternetofThings

(IoT )

Health

Plugs

65

We see a digital transformation across the entire value chain.

66

Connectivity and data exchange between all verticals

National Instrum

ents

67

Industrial Internet domain segmentation

Aerospace

& Defence

Healthcare

Automotive &

Transport

Manufacturing

Agriculture

Retail

Energy &

Utilities

Others

IndustrialInternet

68

Industrial Internet domain segmentation

Manufacturing

IndustrialInternet

69

To begin, let’s see what different alliances are working on.

��

the future

What are interesting initiatives in this context?

72

The IIoT SDOs and Alliances

AIO

TI WG

3

73


AIO

TI WG

3


The Industrial Internet Consortium

IIC


Motivation

ER

S International M

acroeconomic D

ata Set


IIC Founding members

IIC


Industrial Internet Reference Architecture (IIRA)

https://youtu.be/tcMH

9NV

0YgQ


IIRA – Functional Domains (for a Cyber-Physical System)

IIRA W

hite Paper

79

We initially wanted to focus on manufacturing…

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Video | What is Industrie 4.0?

https://youtu.be/ELzaW

m5jhlo (C

omm

erzbank)

81

What is presumably the most interesting part?


Communication & data exchange


m5jhlo

(Com

merzbank)


Communication & data exchange with external components


m5jhlo

(Com

merzbank)


Relationship between IIC and the Plattform Industrie 4.0

IIC / P

lattform Industrie

4.0


The ”Plattform Industrie 4.0”

Plattform

Industrie4.0


Reference architecture model Industry 4.0 (RAMI)

Plattform

Industrie4.0


IIRA vs RAMI

IIC / P

lattform Industrie

4.0


Industrie 4.0 Component (CPS) – Asset Administration Shell (AAS)

Plattform

Industrie4.0


Cyber-Physical System (CPS) based automation


From the 5-layer architecture to autonomous CPS’

ERP

MES

SCADA

PLC

I/O

Today Future

5-layer architecture CPS-based automation



End of 18th century Start of 20th Century Start of 70’s The Future

Fourth Industrial RevolutionBased on Cyber-Physical Systems

Third Industrial RevolutionElectronics & IT for further automatization of production



Com

plexity

92

Operational Technology(OT)

Information & CommunicationsTechnology (ICT)

© Fraunhofer FOKUS

Evolutionary bringing two worlds closer together

This is the vision about 4th Industrial Revolution

How to get there?

There are many challenges to tackle.


Communication & data exchange.


m5jhlo (C

omm

erzbank)


Biggest Challenges / IIC Key Areas

IoT Nexus

97

1. Security (e.g. identification)

2. Quality of Service (e.g. Time-Sensitive Networking)

3. Communication (e.g. OneM2M or OPC UA APIs)

4. Semantics (e.g. based on the Semantic Web)

© Fraunhofer FOKUS

Four key aspects identified by the Plattform Industrie 4.0

98

��

Connectivity

�

Communication Interoperability

99

�❶Connectivity

�


100


AIO

TI WG

3

101

PhysicalData Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Connectivity

Open S

ystems Interconnection (O

SI) Layers

cables, frequency, …

Ethernet, Wi-Fi, 802.15.4, …

IPv4, IPv6, IPSec, MPLS, …

UDP, TCP, SCTP, RTPS, …


Industrial network market shares 2016

HM

S

103

��

Connectivity

�


104


AIO

TI WG

3

105

PhysicalData Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Middleware

Communication

Open S


SI) Layers

oneM2M API, OPC UA API, DDS API, …XML-RPC, SOAP, REST, …

HTTP, AMQP, MQTT, CoAP, WS, …

106

oneM2M is a partnership of internationalstandardsbodies

107

Background: telecommunications industry (machine-type communication)

108

PhysicalData Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Middleware

OneM2M on the OSI layers

Open S


SI) Layers

oneM2M API

HTTP, MQTT, CoAP

TCP, UDP

IP


OPC Foundation

110

Background: automation industry (integration nightmare)


Two UPC UA communication types

PhysicalData LinkNetworkTransportSession

PresentationApplication

IP

HTTP(S)UPC UA

UPC UA BinaryOPC UA WS

TCP

PhysicalData Link

SOAP

IP

TCP

PhysicalData Link

Middleware

Serialization XML Binary

112

Object Management Group

113

Background: information industry (DoD’s global information grid project)

114

PhysicalData Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Middleware

DDS on the OSI layers

Open S


SI) Layers

DDS API

DDSI-RTPS

TCP, UDP

IP

115

��

Connectivity

�


116

technical interoperability

syntactical interoperability

semantic interoperability

organisational interoperability

Different levels of interoperability

ETS

I White P

aper: Achieving

technicalinterop.

117






ETS

I White P

aper: Achieving

technicalinterop.

118

Technical interoperability

Open S


SI) Layers

cables, frequency, …

Ethernet, Wi-Fi, 802.15.4, …

IPv4, IPv6, …

UDP, TCP, RTPS, …

oneM2M API, OPC UA API, DDS API, …XML-RPC, SOAP, REST, …

HTTP, AMQP, MQTT, CoAP, WS, …

PhysicalData Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Middleware

119

Assumption: using HTTP, REST and oneM2M API

120






ETS

I White P

aper: Achieving

technicalinterop.

121

Syntactical interoperability

Open S


SI) Layers

PhysicalData Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Serialization

122

World vs. Information vs. Data vs. Syntax vs. Object Model

Based on J. S

choenwaelder. R

FC 3444: O

n the D

ifferencebetw

eenInform

ation Models and D

ata M

odels

WorldInformation

Model(Text, …)

Syntax(XML,

JSON, …)

Object Model

(JAXB, …)Data Model(Tree, List)

123

Assumption: using XML syntax to serialize information

124






ETS

I White P

aper: Achieving

technicalinterop.

125

Semantic interoperability

Open S


SI) Layers

PhysicalData Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application

Serialization

Semantics


Remember: Communication & data exch. with ext. components


m5jhlo

(Com

merzbank)

127

It’s all about semantics (=meaning)

128

Formal specification of concepts

Based on J. S

choenwaelder. R

FC 3444: O

n the D

ifferencebetw

eenInform

ation Models and D

ata M

odels

WorldSemantic

Model(Ontology)

Syntax Object Model

Data Model

(Graph)

129

How can we assure that machines understand each other?

130

Following the concepts behind the Semantic Web is one possible way.

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

It provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries.

132

URI / IRI UNICODE

NamespacesXML

XML Query XML Schema

Sig

nat

ure

Encr

yptio

n

RDF Model & Syntax

Ontology & Queries

Rules

Logic

Proof

Trust

© Fraunhofer FOKUS

Bigger Picture

PhysicalData Link

Network

Transport

Session

Presentation

Application#

133

By using a directed, labelled multi-graph model on top of XML, JSON, or binary syntax

As a first step, at least a canonical data model for machines

subject[uri]

object[uri]

predicate[uri]

134

Assumption: using RDF and ontologies for communicating semantics

135

Now that machines can understand each other, what do we need?

��

Interoperability�

Connectivity Communication

Local pre-processing and autonomous actuation

IDC

Again: by 2020 the digital universe will reach 44 trillion GB.

Forbes, 2016

Data is not the issue. We have more of it than we can analyze or utilize already, and we’re gathering more and more every day. The problem is going to be storing and accessing the data when we want it in a convenient fashion.


Where data will be processed until 2017

Cisco C

onsulting Services, 2014



Cisco C


Public Network

Private Network

Field Domain

CPS

AccessNetwork



Cisco C


Public Network

Private Network

Field Domain

Intercloud ComputingCloud ComputingFog

ComputingEdge

Computing

CPS

AccessNetwork

M2M

143

Public vs. Private vs. Edge vs. Fog Computing

144

Towards Intergated Fog, Edge and Cloud Computing

Cloud

Edge Node

Edge Node

Fog Node

Fog Computing Edge Computing Cloud Computing

145

What are the main drivers?

146

Network: lower latency, lower jitter, independency of the network

147

Data: improved security, data sovereignty and scalability

148

Independency: fog nodes actuate autonomously & communicate peer-to-peer


Remember: from the 5 layer architecture to autonomous CPS’

ERP

MES

SCADA

PLC

I/O

Today Future

5-layer architecture CPS-based automation

150

Fog and Edge Computing in the overall picture

Public Network

Private Network

Field Domain

(Internet | Graph) of Everything

Intercloud ComputingCloud ComputingFog

ComputingEdge

Computing

CPS

AccessNetwork

Industrial Internet of Things Internet

MTCM2M

Web of Things Web

Graph of Things Semantic Web

But all this gets a little bit too detailed for today…

How to evolutionary address the next industrial revolution?

Making your shop floor Industry 4.0 ready

OpenIoTFog

153

A software-defined, highly interconnected Industry 4.0-ready PLC.

154

An Asset Administration Shell (AAS)

156

Communication with actuators, sensors, PLC’s, ERP and MES

157

Vision: orchestration of applications to a distributed fog network

App Store

Orchestration Engine

Orchestration

Robot Control App

Videoanalysis App

Condition Monitoring App

158

OpenIoTFog | Focus Areas

�

Plug & Play

(existing devices)

�

Collect Data

(wired/wirelessly)Wi-Fi, BLE, FS20,

ZigBee, LoRa, Industrial Wireless

PROFINET, Modbus/TCP,

EtherCAT

�

Analyze Data

(in the fog node)orchestration of

docker-containers, app store

predictive maintenance, event-driven

actuation

�

Enhance Data

(semantically)

�

Secure Data

(on different layers)

Provide Data

(standard conform)oneM2M, OPC UA,

DDS

Wi-Fi, BLE, FS20, ZigBee, LoRa,

Industrial Wireless


The Industrial Internet of Things Center (IIoT) in Berlin

➀ Training,

Assessment & Consulting

Industrial Internet of Things Center

Facility Operators, Manufacturer, Service Provider

➁

Research, Development & Standardization

➂ Testing

& Evaluation

➃ Toolkit

Licences

◉ Training

on a

vaila

ble

Indu

strie

4.0

ICT

◉ A

sses

smen

t of e

xist

ing

ICT

infra

stru

ctur

e◉

Con

sulting

on

an In

dust

ry 4

.0 IC

T st

rate

gy

◉ R

esea

rch

on IC

T fo

r Ind

ustri

e 4.

0 ga

ps◉ D

evelop

men

t of u

se-c

ase

dem

onst

rato

rs◉ S

tand

ardiza

tion-

com

plia

nt im

plem

enta

tion

◉ Tes

ting

for i

nter

op.,

conf

orm

ity &

per

form

ance

◉ E

valuation

of I4

.0 a

pplic

atio

ns in

test

labs

◉ Licen

sing

of p

roto

type

s of

I4.0

rela

ted

ICT

160

IIoT Workshop, tomorrow at the Fraunhofer Forum in Berlin!

http://fuseco-forum.org

We facilitate the digital transformation towards the Industry 4.0.

Coming to an end now…

Summary

I never think of the future,

it comes soon enough.

Albert Einstein(picture: wikimedia)

163

164

Today I talked about � aspect in the context of the Industrial IoT.

165

� � �

the futurepresent agethe past

166

We further talked about � technological challenges

167

� � �

interoperabilitycommunicationconnectivity

168

If there is only one thing to remember from this talk…

169

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) constantly communicate & exchange data

and will, in the future, process data locally and be semantically interoperable.

170

About me

© M

atth

ias

Hey

de /

Frau

nhof

er F

OK

US

Dr.-Ing. Alexander Willner

Fraunhofer FOKUS

Software-based Networks (NGNI) DepartmentDirector of the Industrial Internet of Things Center

[email protected]

Technische Universität Berlin

Next Generation Networks (AV) DepartmentIndustrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Group Manager

[email protected]

http://iiot-center.org

http://openiotfog.org

@AlexWillner

linkedin.com/in/willner

xing.to/willner


Video | OpenIoTFog

http://openiotfog.org

Time: 45 minutes

Berlin Industrie 4.0 – Inaugural Meetup Event - Fraunhofer FOKUS Overview

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Transcript of Berlin Industrie 4.0 – Inaugural Meetup Event - Fraunhofer FOKUS Overview