Benedict_s Test - Final

7/25/2019 Benedict_s Test - Final

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BENEDICTS TESTGroup 2


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Procedure

a.Prepare 7 test tubes. Labeleach: Glucose, sucrose,fructose, lactose, fasting

urine random urine anddiabetic urineb. Each test tube ! "L #!$

drops% o& Bened'cts rea(entc. ) tubes *'th su(ar labels add! "L#!$ drops% each o& glucose,

sucrose, fructose, andlactoseres ect'+el and "'-


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d. Note an, chan(es. hen no chan(es occurplace

the tube 'n a *ar" *ater bath

#/0d(rees celc'us%e. 1e"o+e all the tubes once chan(e 'sobser+ed 'n so"e

o& the sa"ples. llo* to

cool at roo" te"perature

&. Note the chan(es and record ,ourobser+at'on


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(. 3 tubes *'th correspond'n( ur'ne labels#*'th Bened'cts rea(ent% add !0 drops

each o& &ast'n( ur'ne rando" ur'ne and

d'abet'c ur'ne respect'+el,h. Note an, chan(es. hen no chan(es occurplace the tube 'n a *ar" *ater bath

&or $ "'nutes. llo* to cool at roo"te"perature

'. Note the chan(es and record ,ourobser+at'ons


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Report Color ofSolution

GlucoseConcentrat

ion(-) Blue


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4. Pro+'de a poss'ble e-planat'on &or:a.% the pos't'+e results obta'ned *'th ,our

sa"ple5s

The sa"ples that ha+e pos't'+e results onth's test are "onosacchar'des and reduc'n(d'sacchar'de su(ars.


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sa"ple5s

Glucose 6 Bened'ct solut'on 's l'(ht bluebecause 't conta'ns copper sul&ate. hen 't

's "'-ed and heated *'th a su(ar such as(lucose *h'ch has electrons a+a'lable todonate the copper *'ll accept the electronsand beco"e reduced *h'ch turns 't to br'c

red.


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sa"ple5s

Glucose - Dur'n( th's process the bluecopper #II% 'on 's reduced to a red copper #I%'on. h'le the copper 's be'n( reduced the

(lucose ('+es up an electron and 's o-'d'8ed.Because (lucose 's able to reduce thecopper 'n Bened'ct solut'on *e call 't areduc'n( su(ar.


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sa"ple5s

ructose * It 's a /6carbon pol,h,dro-,etone. It 's an 'so"er o& (lucose there&ore

the, both ha+e the sa"e "olecular &or"ula#C/!2;/% but the, d'


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. ro+ e a poss e e-p ana on or:a.% the pos't'+e results obta'ned *'th ,our

sa"ple5s

ructose * The etone here under(oesTauto"er's" *h'ch "eans that the etone&unct'onal (roup h,drol,8es =rst 'nto an

aldeh,de and &or"ed aldose. Th's "aes theposs'b'l't, to react the su(ar 'n theBened'ct> ?s rea(ent. nd th's propert,onl, happens to an alpha > h,dro-,

etone.


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sa"ple5s

+actose 6 It *'ll ,'eld to a pos't'+e resultbecause 't 's also a reduc'n( su(ar e+en

thou(h 't co"es &ro" the b'nd'n( o& a(alactose and (lucose that "aes 't ad'sacchar'de. nd the Bened'ct ?s test 's atest &or reduc'n( su(ars o& "onosacchar'des

and so"e o& d'sacchar'des..


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4. Pro+'de a poss'ble e-planat'on &or:b.% the ne(at'+e results obta'ned

*'th ,our sa"ple5s

Sucrose - Sucrose 's a d'sacchar'de

der'+ed &ro" (lucose and &ructose. It has a"olecular &or"ula o& C!222;!!. Gl,cos'd'cl'na(e bet*een C! o& (lucose and C2 o&&ructose Because o& (l,cos'd'c l'na(e there

's no presence o& &ree aldeh,de *h'ch 's apropert, o& a reduc'n( su(ar.


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4. Pro+'de a poss'ble e-planat'on &or:b.% the ne(at'+e results obta'ned

*'th ,our sa"ple5s

Sucrose - Th's "aes sucrose a non6reduc'n( su(ar thus ha+'n( no react'on *'ththe Bened'ct> ?s rea(ent. o*e+er a non6reduc'n( su(ar can be h,drol,8ed us'n(d'lute h,drochlor'c ac'd to con+ert the acetal

or etal 'nto a he"'acetal or he"'etal. &terh,drol,s's and neutral'8at'on o& the ac'd theproduct "a, be a reduc'n( su(ar that ('+esnor"al react'ons *'th the test solut'ons


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I. State the other ad+anta(es o& us'n(the Bened'cts rea(ent 'nstead o& the4ehl'n(s rea(ent


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@. D'


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asting rine !2 6 hour ur'ne

*'thout an, &ood5dr'n 'n(est'on

ost * prandial rine *The pat'ent 's ('+en (lucose *ater 'n

a "uch d'luted uant't, and a bloodtest 's conducted a&ter t*o to t*o anda hal& hours.

Random rine an, ur'ne under arando" cond't'on


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The fasting urine 's the "ost su'tablebecause 't 's the "ost natural ur'nethat *e e-crete and 't 's not ,et "'-

*'th the che"'cals etc. that *e 'n(est


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- A chronic, lifelong condition that affects yourbody's ability to use the energy found in food.

- With diabetes mellitus, either your body doesn't

make enough insulin, it can't use the insulin it doesproduce, or a combination of both.

- High levels of blood glucose can damage the tiny

blood vessels in your kidneys, heart, eyes, ornervous system. That's why diabetes -- especially ifleft untreated -- can eventually cause heart disease,stroke, kidney disease, blindness, and nerve

damage to nerves in the feet.

. What is diabetes mellitus


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TYPE 1

-Also called insulin-dependent diabetes.

!ften begins in childhood.

-An autoimmune condition. "t's caused bythe body attacking its own pancreaswithantibodies. "n people with type # diabetes,the damaged pancreas doesn't make insulin.

. $ifferentiate Type # from Type %diabetes


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6 Th's t,pe o& d'abetes "a, be caused b, a

(enet'c pred'spos't'on. It could also be theresult o& &ault, beta cells'n the pancreasthat nor"all, produce 'nsul'n.

6 nu"ber o& "ed'cal r'ss are assoc'ated*'th t,pe ! d'abetes. Aan, o& the" ste"&ro" da"a(e to the t'n, blood +essels 'n

,our e,es #called d'abet'c ret'nopath,%ner+es #d'abet'c neuropath,% and 'dne,s#d'abet'c nephropath,%. E+en "ore ser'ous 'sthe 'ncreased r's o& heart d'sease and

stroe.


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TYPE 2

- &ost commonform of diabetes.

- an cause ma(or health complications,

particularly in the smallest blood vessels inthe body that nourish the kidneys, nerves,and eyes.

- Type % diabetes also increases your risk ofheart disease and stroke.


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- The pancreas usually produces some insulin. )ut

either the amount produced is not enough for thebody's needs, or the body's cells are resistant to it.

- *eople whose weight are more than %+ over

their ideal body weight for their height -- are atparticularly high risk of developing type % diabetesand its related medical problems.

- "nsulin resistance, or lack of sensitivity to insulin,happens primarily in fat, liver, and muscle cells.


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- With insulin resistance, the pancreas has to

work overly hard to produce more insulin. )uteven then, there is not enough insulin to keepsugars normal.

-There is no cure for diabetes. Type % diabetescan, however, be controlled with weightmanagement, nutrition, and eercise.

nfortunately, type % diabetes tends toprogress, and diabetes medications are oftenneeded.


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- /enes don0t determine for sure, whether you0llget diabetes or not.

- They only influence the likelihood or thesusceptibility to the disease.

-"f both your parents have the genes thatincrease the risk of diabetes, you0ll be at a higherrisk, even if your parents or family members do

not actually have the disease.

. "s it possible to have diabetes even ifno member of your family had it1


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TYPE 1

2actors34posure to certain viruses!r toins

TYPE 2

2actors3

nhealthy diet5ow levels of physical activity

Benedict_s Test - Final

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