Bellwork Bellwork Read “The Open Door Policy” on page 133 of your Read “The Open Door Policy” on page 133 of your

HOA textbook, then answer the following questions:HOA textbook, then answer the following questions:

1.1. Who was John Hay?Who was John Hay?

2.2. What was the Open Door Policy?What was the Open Door Policy?

3.3. Explain the 1900 conflict with the Righteous and Explain the 1900 conflict with the Righteous and Harmonious Fists. How did this impact U.S. Harmonious Fists. How did this impact U.S. involvement in the region?involvement in the region?

4.4. THINKER: Although imperialism solidified America’s THINKER: Although imperialism solidified America’s role as a global power, many problems still existed role as a global power, many problems still existed within the U.S. Brainstorm a list of problems that within the U.S. Brainstorm a list of problems that existed in America at the turn of the century. (Try existed in America at the turn of the century. (Try and get as many as possible; 5 minimum)and get as many as possible; 5 minimum)

Problems – political corruptionProblems – political corruption

Tammany Hall: Tammany Hall: Democratic Party Democratic Party Political MachinePolitical Machine

Political Machine: Political Machine: a a group the controls the group the controls the activities of a political activities of a political partyparty

Controlled NYC Controlled NYC politics/electionspolitics/elections

Took bribes & offered Took bribes & offered favors for votesfavors for votes

Problems Problems – Social – Social

inequalityinequalityLynching: murder by mob without a trial; often, racially motivated

Problems – Problems – growth of citiesgrowth of cities

Urbanization: the rapid and massive growth of cities; brought on by immigration & industrialization

Problems – Problems – growth of citiesgrowth of cities

Tenements: over-crowded, urban apartment buildings

Problems – Industrial DisorderProblems – Industrial Disorder

Problems - monopoliesProblems - monopoliesMonopoly or Trust: the exclusive possession or control of a commodity or industry

Carnegie’s NY house (left) & Rockefeller’s RI house (below)

Cornelius Vanderbilt: Cornelius Vanderbilt: shipping and railroadshipping and railroad

J.P. Morgan:J.P. Morgan:U.S. Steel CorporationU.S. Steel Corporation

Problems – Problems – Child LaborChild Labor

Problems - EnvironmentProblems - Environment

Problems – Labor ConditionsProblems – Labor Conditions

Union: organization of workers fighting for a common cause

Strike: organized work stoppage

Problems – Problems – internal internal dissentdissent

Socialism: An economic theory that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the government.(in Marxist theory, its viewed as a transitional social state between the overthrow of capitalism and the realization of communism)

ProgressivismProgressivism

Social, Political, and Economic Social, Political, and Economic Reforms: 1901-1918Reforms: 1901-1918

ProgressivismProgressivism Progressive Progressive

Movement:Movement: Effort to Effort to reform the U.S. and reform the U.S. and preserve its preserve its democratic values.democratic values.

Confronted the Confronted the problems caused by problems caused by industrialization and industrialization and urbanization. urbanization.

The progressives The progressives dominated politics in dominated politics in the 1900’s as they the 1900’s as they tried to combat tried to combat society’s problems. society’s problems.

Progressive IdealsProgressive Ideals Focus on housing Focus on housing

shortages, political shortages, political corruption, and high crime corruption, and high crime rates. rates.

Feared the wealthy few Feared the wealthy few had too much power and had too much power and could easily buy their could easily buy their popularity.popularity.

Lived in urban areasLived in urban areas Believed a well-run Believed a well-run

government could protect government could protect public interest and restore public interest and restore order to society.order to society.

Important ProgressivesImportant Progressives Jane AddamsJane Addams: :

Disturbed by all the Disturbed by all the neglected children and neglected children and homeless immigrants. homeless immigrants.

Created the Created the Hull House:Hull House: Community center Community center where people could where people could learn English, discuss learn English, discuss politics, and have their politics, and have their children watched over children watched over (nursery). (nursery).

“Action indeed is the sole medium for the expression of ethics.”

“America’s future will be determined by the home and school. The child becomes largely what he is taught; hence, we must watch what we teach, and how we live.”

Important ProgressivesImportant Progressives

Florence Kelly:Florence Kelly: American social & American social & political reformerpolitical reformer

Focused on Focused on sweatshops, sweatshops, minimum wage, minimum wage, education and child education and child laborlabor

““We have, in this country, two million children under the age of We have, in this country, two million children under the age of sixteen years who are earning their bread. They vary in age from six sixteen years who are earning their bread. They vary in age from six and seven years (in the cotton mills of Georgia) and eight, nine, and and seven years (in the cotton mills of Georgia) and eight, nine, and ten years (in the coal-breakers of Pennsylvania). No other portion of ten years (in the coal-breakers of Pennsylvania). No other portion of the wage earning class increased so rapidly from decade to decade the wage earning class increased so rapidly from decade to decade as the young girls from fourteen to twenty years. Tonight while we as the young girls from fourteen to twenty years. Tonight while we sleep, several thousand little girls will be working in textile mills, all sleep, several thousand little girls will be working in textile mills, all the night through, in the deafening noise of the spindles and the the night through, in the deafening noise of the spindles and the looms spinning and weaving cotton and wool, silks and ribbons for us looms spinning and weaving cotton and wool, silks and ribbons for us to buy. Until the mothers in the great industrial states are to buy. Until the mothers in the great industrial states are enfranchised, we shall none of us be able to free our consciences enfranchised, we shall none of us be able to free our consciences from participation in this great evil. No one in this room tonight can from participation in this great evil. No one in this room tonight can feel free from such participation. The children make our shoes in the feel free from such participation. The children make our shoes in the shoe factories; knit our stockings; they spin and weave our cotton shoe factories; knit our stockings; they spin and weave our cotton underwear in the cotton mills. They carry bundles of garments from underwear in the cotton mills. They carry bundles of garments from the factories to the tenements, little beasts of burden, robbed of the factories to the tenements, little beasts of burden, robbed of school life so that they may work for us. We do not wish this. We school life so that they may work for us. We do not wish this. We prefer to have our work done by men and women. But we are almost prefer to have our work done by men and women. But we are almost powerless. Not wholly powerless, however, are citizens who enjoy powerless. Not wholly powerless, however, are citizens who enjoy the right of petition. For myself, I shall use this power in every the right of petition. For myself, I shall use this power in every possible way until the right to the ballot is granted, and then I shall possible way until the right to the ballot is granted, and then I shall continue to use both.”continue to use both.”

Speech read before the convention of the National American Woman Speech read before the convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association on July 22, 1905Suffrage Association on July 22, 1905

Important ProgressivesImportant Progressives

Muckrakers: Muckrakers: writers writers who motivated the who motivated the public by highlighting public by highlighting social issues. social issues.

Attacked wealthy Attacked wealthy corporations, child corporations, child labor, corrupt police, labor, corrupt police, prostitution rings, and prostitution rings, and corrupt churches. corrupt churches.

Ida Tarbell

Ida TarbellIda Tarbell The oil men as a class had been brought up to The oil men as a class had been brought up to

enormous profits, and held an entirely false enormous profits, and held an entirely false standard of values. As explained once in a standard of values. As explained once in a sensible editorial, "their business was born in a sensible editorial, "their business was born in a balloon going up, and spent all its early years balloon going up, and spent all its early years in the sky." They had seen nothing but the in the sky." They had seen nothing but the extreme of fortune. One hundred per cent per extreme of fortune. One hundred per cent per annum on an investment was in their judgment annum on an investment was in their judgment only a fair profit. If their oil property had not only a fair profit. If their oil property had not paid for itself entirely in six months, and begun paid for itself entirely in six months, and begun to yield a good percentage, they were inclined to yield a good percentage, they were inclined to think it a failure. They were notoriously to think it a failure. They were notoriously extravagant in the management of their extravagant in the management of their business. Rarely did an oil man write a letter if business. Rarely did an oil man write a letter if he could help it. He used the telegraph instead. he could help it. He used the telegraph instead. Whole sets of drilling tools were sometimes Whole sets of drilling tools were sometimes sent by express. It was no uncommon thing to sent by express. It was no uncommon thing to see near a oilrig broken tools which could see near a oilrig broken tools which could easily have been mended, but which the owner easily have been mended, but which the owner had replaced by new ones. It was anything to had replaced by new ones. It was anything to save bother with him. Frequently wells were save bother with him. Frequently wells were abandoned which might have been pumped on abandoned which might have been pumped on a small but sure profit. The simple fact was that a small but sure profit. The simple fact was that the profits which men in trades all over the the profits which men in trades all over the country were glad enough to get, the oil country were glad enough to get, the oil producers despised. producers despised.

Important ProgressivesImportant Progressives Upton Sinclair: Upton Sinclair: showed showed

unsanitary factory unsanitary factory conditions in his novel, conditions in his novel, The JungleThe Jungle..

Caused the government Caused the government to pass the to pass the Pure Food Pure Food and Drug Act: and Drug Act: Federal Federal inspection of meat inspection of meat products and regulation products and regulation of pesticide use.of pesticide use. Currently, the FDA: Currently, the FDA:

(Food and Drug (Food and Drug Administration)Administration)

“ “There would come all the way back from Europe old There would come all the way back from Europe old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white – it would be dosed with borax and glycerin, and white – it would be dosed with borax and glycerin, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms’ and the water from stored in great piles in rooms’ and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, so the packers would put poisoned bread out for them, so the packers would put poisoned bread out for them, they would die, and then rats, poisoned bread, and they would die, and then rats, poisoned bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together.”meat would go into the hoppers together.”

- Upton Sinclair, - Upton Sinclair, The Jungle,The Jungle, 1906 1906

Progressive PresidentsProgressive PresidentsRoosevelt, Taft & WilsonRoosevelt, Taft & Wilson

TR: 1901-1908

Wilson: 1912-1921

Taft: 1908-1912

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt Nickname: “TR”, “Teddy”, “The Bull Moose” Personality: Extremely energetic, great

speaker While boxing in the White House with

heavyweight John Sullivan, Roosevelt received a blow to his face that left him blind in his left eye. (kept secret for several years)

Mad House: Roosevelt had 6 children, horses, dogs, snakes, cats, a badger, & guinea pigs running around the White House.

Teddy bear named after him

Theodore RooseveltTheodore RooseveltA typical TR breakfast included giant

mugs of coffee, and 12 eggs!Firsts: ride in an automobile, fly in an

airplane, dive in a submarine, & travel outside the US while in office

Assassination attempt in 1912: “I don’t know whether you fully understand that I have been shot, but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose”

Loved to travel: At 60 yrs. old, TR traveled to S. America. He contracted malaria and died a few years later.

Roosevelt’s Business PoliciesRoosevelt’s Business Policies Sherman Antitrust Act: Sherman Antitrust Act:

prohibit monopoliesprohibit monopolies Bureau of Corporations: Bureau of Corporations:

investigates antitrust investigates antitrust violationsviolations

Settled strikes between Settled strikes between managers and workersmanagers and workers

Meat Inspection Act: Meat Inspection Act: outlawed misleading outlawed misleading labels and dangerous labels and dangerous preservativespreservatives

Roosevelt’s Environmental PoliciesRoosevelt’s Environmental Policies

Conserve nature for Conserve nature for recreational userecreational use

Created U.S. Created U.S. Forest ServiceForest Service

Set aside 194 Set aside 194 million acres for million acres for national parks and national parks and nature preservesnature preserves

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt

"Optimism is a good "Optimism is a good characteristic, but if characteristic, but if carried to an excess, carried to an excess, it becomes it becomes foolishness. We are foolishness. We are prone to speak of the prone to speak of the resources of this resources of this country as country as inexhaustible; this is inexhaustible; this is not so."not so."Seventh Annual Message to Seventh Annual Message to Congress, December 3, 1907Congress, December 3, 1907

““Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far”Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far” Central point: The U.S. government would intervene to Central point: The U.S. government would intervene to

prevent invasion from other powers.prevent invasion from other powers. Caused a lot of U.S. interventions in Latin America during Caused a lot of U.S. interventions in Latin America during

the 20the 20thth century century Roosevelt’s “big stick diplomacy” expressed the view that it Roosevelt’s “big stick diplomacy” expressed the view that it

was the responsibility of the United States to carry out “the was the responsibility of the United States to carry out “the most regrettable but necessary international policy duty most regrettable but necessary international policy duty which must be performed for the sake of the welfare of which must be performed for the sake of the welfare of mankind.” mankind.”

To keep an open door trading policy with China he To keep an open door trading policy with China he mediated a peace agreement between China, Russia and mediated a peace agreement between China, Russia and Japan, which ended the Russo-Japanese War. This won Japan, which ended the Russo-Japanese War. This won him a Nobel Peace Prize. him a Nobel Peace Prize.

Use of the “Big Stick” in Latin AmericaUse of the “Big Stick” in Latin America

Platt Amendment & Troops: 1901

Proposition of Nicaraguan Canal: 1901

After the Spanish-American War, the U.S. emerged as a world After the Spanish-American War, the U.S. emerged as a world power. In order to connect the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, power. In order to connect the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, the U.S. decided to build a canal in Central America. This the U.S. decided to build a canal in Central America. This would make global shipping faster and easier.would make global shipping faster and easier.

In 1899, a Canal Commission was set up to determine which In 1899, a Canal Commission was set up to determine which site would be best for the canal (Nicaragua or Panama) and site would be best for the canal (Nicaragua or Panama) and then to oversee construction of the canal – Panama was best then to oversee construction of the canal – Panama was best candidate candidate

One problem: Panama was owned by Columbia and they One problem: Panama was owned by Columbia and they refused to give it up.refused to give it up.

Solution: U.S. led a revolt, captured Panama, and declared it Solution: U.S. led a revolt, captured Panama, and declared it an independent state.an independent state.

In return, Panama signed the In return, Panama signed the Hay-Bunau-Varilla TreatyHay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty that that gave the U.S. a permanent grant of land to build a canal; gave the U.S. a permanent grant of land to build a canal; Panamanians received $10 million. Panamanians received $10 million.

• The building started in The building started in November 1903 and November 1903 and finished in 1914; six finished in 1914; six months ahead of months ahead of schedule and $23 million schedule and $23 million under budget.under budget.

Pro-Canal: vital to Pro-Canal: vital to national security and national security and prosperityprosperity

Anti-Canal: gained Anti-Canal: gained control of Panama control of Panama illegally, left bitter illegally, left bitter relationship between relationship between Latin America & the U.S.Latin America & the U.S.

Video Clips on the Panama CanalVideo Clips on the Panama Canal

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6laor8rk0VQ&feature=related  building of v=6laor8rk0VQ&feature=related  building of the canalthe canal  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4iY8-http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R4iY8-AdO5I&feature=related  how it worksAdO5I&feature=related  how it works  http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mZEG1kjUDr4&feature=related  time lapsev=mZEG1kjUDr4&feature=related  time lapse

Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Diplomacy”Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Diplomacy” You are now going to read about specific You are now going to read about specific

interventions justified by Roosevelt’s foreign policyinterventions justified by Roosevelt’s foreign policy In your HOA textbook, read pgs. 133-137, and take In your HOA textbook, read pgs. 133-137, and take

notes on the following seven points:notes on the following seven points:

1.1. Build up of U.S. Navy (Great White Fleet)Build up of U.S. Navy (Great White Fleet)

2.2. Panama CanalPanama Canal

3.3. Involvement in NicaraguaInvolvement in Nicaragua

4.4. Venezuelan BlockadeVenezuelan Blockade

5.5. Roosevelt CorollaryRoosevelt Corollary

6.6. Intervention in Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)Intervention in Santo Domingo (Dominican Republic)

7.7. Extraterritoriality (include L.A. response)Extraterritoriality (include L.A. response)

U.S. Involvement Debate PanelU.S. Involvement Debate Panel On Friday, we will be holding a class debate On Friday, we will be holding a class debate

over the Panama Canal and foreign policy over the Panama Canal and foreign policy during Roosevelt’s presidency. during Roosevelt’s presidency.

The class will be divided into four groups. The class will be divided into four groups. Two groups will represent specific pro-Canal Two groups will represent specific pro-Canal arguments and two group will represent arguments and two group will represent specific anti-Canal argumentsspecific anti-Canal arguments

Tonight, you should do some brief Tonight, you should do some brief background research and come with facts, background research and come with facts, stories, statistics, to add to your point.stories, statistics, to add to your point.

Tomorrow will be debate prep! Be prepared! Tomorrow will be debate prep! Be prepared!

Debate Sides – Debate Sides – Pd.5Pd.5 & & Pd.7Pd.7 PRO-CANALPRO-CANAL U.S. PerspectiveU.S. Perspective

Vital to national security & Vital to national security & tradetrade

Rhyan, Kira, Erik, Alexis, Rhyan, Kira, Erik, Alexis, AveryAvery

Angus, Payton, Cassandra, Angus, Payton, Cassandra, Ian, AdamIan, Adam

Panamanian Perspective Panamanian Perspective Helped get independence, Helped get independence,

make money, trade taxes & make money, trade taxes & tariffs tariffs

Jacob Garcia, Alex, Taylor, Jacob Garcia, Alex, Taylor, Tim, Daniel Tim, Daniel

Evan, Melissa, Erica, Nikki, Evan, Melissa, Erica, Nikki, Skylar Skylar

ANTI-CANALANTI-CANAL U.S. PerspectiveU.S. Perspective

Obtained Panama illegally, Obtained Panama illegally, Monroe Doctrine is outdated, Monroe Doctrine is outdated, Nicaragua would be a Nicaragua would be a better/more diplomatic choicebetter/more diplomatic choice

Jacob Gerber, Zoe, Alijah, Jacob Gerber, Zoe, Alijah, Sammy, Landon, NoelleSammy, Landon, Noelle

Dino, Madeline, Citlali, CastleDino, Madeline, Citlali, Castle Panamanian PerspectivePanamanian Perspective

U.S. is abusing their location, U.S. is abusing their location, need more profit and need more profit and protection from U.S., too protection from U.S., too imperialisticimperialistic

Lindsay, Carolina, Victoria, Lindsay, Carolina, Victoria, David, Ryan R.David, Ryan R.

Ty, Christian, Ellery, Erin, Ty, Christian, Ellery, Erin, BrendaBrenda