BELLWORK

BELLWORK 4/23What is dtente? List three key events within dtente that lessened the tensions between the US and USSR (successes of dtente) Why did the USSR & US support dtente? What were the reasons for improved East-West relations in Europe?What was the Helsinki Agreement? How did US/USSR respond to this?List three events that led to the collapse of dtente (failures of dtente)How did the Cold War change once Reagan was elected in 1980?THINKER: Review the US intervention in Central America map (pg.159). What is the common theme of US involvement in the region? Do you think US involvement contradicts US Cold War goals? The US accused the USSR of being expansionist and trying to spread their influence..to what extent were we doing the same thing?

BELLWORK 4/24Who competed for power following Maos death? Outcome?How did Hua Guofeng rule China? Was he effective?Explain Dengs economic policies, including the Four Modernizations.Describe the causes/effects of Tiananmen Square protests.THINKER: The rule of Deng Xiaoping is one of the main causes of Sino-American dtente. What about Deng, or his policies, caused the US government to be more willing to open relations with China? Sino-american relations Cold War thermometer: From hostility (1949-1970) to dtente (1970-present)Background of Sino-American RelationsWWII: US aided GMD against Japan (some aide to CCP)CCW: US aided GMD against CCPPost-CCW: US recognized ROC as legitimate China & blocked PRC in UNOther contributing factors to tension: Korea, Japan, Tibet, nuclear weapons

Sino-American Hostility: 1949-1970The following events contributed to hostility between China & the US1950sTibet (1950)Korea (1950-1953)Taiwan (1954 & 1958)1960sVietnam DecolonizationCultural Revolution

Tibet

The 14th Dalai Lama: The US supported the Tibetan movement, not because they cared about Tibetan independence, but as part of their worldwide efforts to destabilize all communist governments

Korea

***Korean War caused a HUGE change in Cold War relationships:US containment policy expands to Asia US supported Taiwan (Sino-American hostilities)Stalin made China pay (Sino-Soviet hostilities)PRC economy weakened, but popularity of Mao strengthenedKoreaOn the Chinese mainland 600 million people are ruled by the Chinese Communist Party. That party came to power by violence, and, so far, has lived by violence. It retains power not by the will of the Chinese people, but by massive, forcible repression. It fought the United Nations in Korea; it supported the Communist War in Indo-China; it took Tibet by force. It does not disguise its expansionist ambitions. It is bitterly hateful of the United States, which it considers a principal obstacle in the way of its path of conquest. As regards China, we have abstained from any act to encourage the Communist regime morally, politically, or materially. Thus: we have not extended diplomatic recognition to the Chinese Communist regime. We have opposed seating in the United Nations. We have not traded with Communist China or sanctioned cultural exchanges with it. U.S. State Department Bulletin, 15 July 1953What claims does the U.S. State Department make about Chinese actions? Taiwan

Taiwan was of vital importance to the PRC:Two Chinas was unacceptable!!!Any improvement in relations could only be possible if Taiwan was no longer separate

TaiwanAfter Taiwan, the US now considered China an expansionist threat, so they pursued the following:Trade embargo with PRCObstruction of PRC in UNEconomic/military aide to TaiwanAide program for entire region (Domino Theory)SEATO created as containment bloc

Sino-American Relations: 1960sThe Sino-American Cold War reached new heights in the 1960s because of:McCarthyismJFKS policy of containment & isolation of ChinaUS gov used failures of GLF to highlight failures of Marxism & the PRCs willingness to sacrifice millions of its own in pursuit of communism

Vietnam WarBased on this song, what do you think was the opinion of the Chinese public towards American involvement in Vietnam?Read the lyrics to this Chinese childrens song:There is an evil spirit:His name is Johnson.His mouth is all sweetness, But he has a wolfs heart.He bombs Vietnam citiesAnd hates the people.Chinese and Vietnamese are one family:We will certainly not agree to this!I wear a red scarf and join the demonstrations with Daddy.With small throat but large voice I shout:U.S. pirates get out, get out, get out!

DecolonizationPRC supported revolutionary/decolonization movements in developing countries to replace USSR as the world leader of communismAlso to end Western imperialism: China said US was the key problem to world peaceUS said they did not seek to overthrow PRC, but objected to their funding of global revolutionsUS saw the threat from China as exaggerated..why?Did not have the resources to make a difference in the developing worldHad nuclear weapons but no way to deliver them

Cultural RevolutionGLF & CultRev led to collapse in PRCs ability to conduct foreign policyUS felt it was a clear demonstration of out-of-control fanaticism of Maoist leadership, which lacked stabilityPRC feared possible regime change by either US or USSR

Sino-American Dtente: 1970-1990The following events contributed to dtente between China & the US1970sVietnamUnited NationsSoviet Union1980sPost-Mao economic reformsWhy were the 1970s the right time for dtente?US support vs. Chinese supportChange in political philosophy of US Admin:Now understood that communist movements were not as monolithic as they once thoughtNixon suggested the US would now deal with countries on the basis of their actions and not on abstract ideology. Once the Soviet Union could no longer count on permanent hostility between the worlds most powerful and most populous nations. . . The scope for Soviet stubbornness would narrow and perhaps even evaporate. Soviet leaders would have to hedge their bets because a threatening posture might intensify Sino-American cooperation. In the conditions of the late 1960s, improved Sino-American relations became a key to the Nixon Administrations Soviet strategy. (Henry Kissinger)Henry Kissinger, Nixons Secretary of StatePing Pong DiplomacySecret talks between Kissinger & Zhou Enlai (1971)Nixon visits Mao (1972)Established joint agreement to improve relations

What did each of the powers gain from dtente?

Nixon becomes the first US president to visit China!!!

Zhou asked a British journalist: why shouldnt we negotiate with President Nixon? In the past we talked with Jiang Jieshi.

Sino-American Rapprochement & its effects on the Cold WarPRCs influence on the Cold War grew with nuclear status, Sino-Soviet Split & Sino-American rapprochementNow a tri-polar conflictOther factors of cooling tensions in 1980s:Maos deathRemoval of anti-American Gang of FourModernization initiatives of Deng Xiaoping Modern relations (post-1992)

HOMEWORKRead about China post-MaoComplete the orange note sheet