BELLWORK : 8/16-17/12

Think of a question that you could answer through an experiment:

What is the question?

How would you setup the experiment?

Introduction to Science

1 – The Nature of Science

2 – The Way Science Works

3 – Organizing Data

Online Textbook Access

• Go to URL– http://my.hrw.com

• Username– jstudent537

• Password– s7v8j

1 – The Nature of Science

Key Terms• Science – Knowledge obtained by observing

natural events and conditions to learn facts, principles, laws

• Technology – Application of science for practical purposes

• Law – A descriptive statement or equation that predicts events under certain conditions

• Theory – System of ideas explaining related observations and supported by evidence

How Science Takes Place

• A scientist may perform experiments to find a new aspect of the natural world, to explain a known phenomenon, to check the results of other experiments, or to test predictions of current theories

• Examples – New materials for computer chips that make processing speeds/phones more advanced

How Science Takes Place

• Examples – TVs were built after the early cathode ray tubes were developed in the late 19th century

Scientists Experiment

• Answer questions by investigating

• Sometimes these are old questions, sometimes new

• Often, questions arise from observations

• Investigate by designing/conducting experiments

• Experimental results are confirmed ( repetition )

Observe

Branches of Science

• Natural Science: Biological, Physical, Earth

Working Together

• Different branches of science work together, along with technology

– Example: Applying newer computer-chip materials into actual designs ( Razr, self-cooled labtops )

Laws & Theories – Always Tested

• Laws allow predictions to be made about how a system will behave under given conditions– GRAVITY

• Theories explain HOW a process takes place– PLATE TECTONICS

Models

• Mathematics is useful to describe events

– Gravity has an equation

Models• Models can represent physical events• Used in daily life– Hurricane trajectories– Weather predictions

BELLWORK : 8/20/12Which popcorn is the better deal?

Last Week

• Discussed the fundamental nature of science

• Also worked on observation skills

• Anyone observe something interesting over the weekend?

Introduction to Science

1 – The Nature of Science

2 – The Way Science Works

3 – Organizing Data

2 – The Way Science Works

Science Skills

• Identifying problems

• Planning experiments

• Recording observations

• Correctly reporting data

Critical Thinking

• Involves asking questions, making observations, and using logic

• Surprise!!

BELLWORK : 8/20/12Which popcorn is the better deal? Discuss

Units of Measurement

• In your notes, list 5 you can think of.

• Do these relate to length, mass, weight, time, volume

Units of Measurement

• Scientists use standard units of measure – SI System

• Meters, grams, Seconds

Units of Measurement• SI ( System Internationale ) used for consistency• Prefixes allow for easy converting

• EXAMPLES:• m km

• kg g

• seconds milliseconds

Exit Pass – Unit Conversions

• Study Guide – Pg 3

• Problem 3

• Remaining Time – Problems 1, 5 & 6

Bellwork – 08/21/12

• Study Guide – Pg 3

• Problem 3

• Finished? – Questions 1, 5 & 6

Help with # 1, pg 3

• Microscopes – magnify ( make larger ) small objects

• Telescopes – magnify objects far away• Radio telescope – detect radio waves from objects

• Spectroscopes – separate light into a rainbow

• Ruler – finds length

Key Terms

• Variable – A factor changing in an experiment

• Length – Measure of the straight-line distance between two points

• Volume – The space occupied by an object

• Mass – Amount of matter in an object

• Weight – Amount of gravitational force on object

Scientific Method – Use Colors!!

• Notice there is more than time where you observe

Are They The Same?

• Are they the same? - Hypothesis

• How can we test your hypothesis?

Bellwork – 8/23/12

• Study Guide

• Finish pg. 3 - #2 , #4

Introduction to Science

1 – The Nature of Science

2 – The Way Science Works

3 – Organizing Data

Presenting Scientific Data

• Scientists use written reports and oral presentations

• To share results

• Organizing/Presenting this info is important

Line Graphs• Show continuous changes• Time : Independent Variable

(x-axis)• Doesn’t DEPEND on anything

• Gas Volume : Dependent Variable (y-axis)

• Depends on something else

Demonstration

• Gas-Producing Reaction

• Lots of gas at first, then slows down

• Adding Vinegar to Baking Soda makes CO2

Bar Graphs

• Compares similar data for different items or events

Pie Chart Graphs

• Shows parts of a whole ( or parts of 100% )

Lab Activity – Motion Graphing

• If we do not take this seriously or respect the equipment, we will not use this setup again

Lab Activity – Motion Graphing

• Each group goes to their station

• One person logs into network/labtop

• Open Logger Pro Software

• Open file “01a Graph Matching”

Lab Groups – 3rd Period• Station 1 – Mackenzie, Alexandria, Jean

• Station 2 – Kandice, Ryan, Shane

• Station 3 – Megha, Brittany, Alex

• Station 4 – Shelby, Sean, Chris, Jayda

Lab Groups – 5th Period• Station 1 – Heather, Aaron, Bhavin, Kennedy

• Station 2 – Taylor, Deshun, Catherine, Becky

• Station 3 – Keyra, Hannah, Caleb, Terrell

• Station 4 – Ashleigh, Bryanna, Jarion, Jay

• Station 5 – Zechariah, Bill, Bryant, Josh

Lab Groups – 6th Period• Station 1 – Chance, Steven, EJ, Alex

• Station 2 – Daniel, Torey, Robert

• Station 3 – Brennen, Justin, Mac, Alek

• Station 4 – Odalis, Garrett, Jacq

• Station 5 – Megan, Tomaria, Ross, Andrew

Lab Groups – 7th Period• Station 1 – Jennifer, Ruby, Cody, Brooke, Austin

• Station 2 – Raivan, Drake, Tiffani, Brandon, Kaitlyn

• Station 3 – Isiah, Michael, Layton, Sarah

• Station 4 – Kirsty, Will, Katlyn, Larry

• Station 5 – Ben, Aaron, Monica, Adam

Procedure

• Collect data by hitting green “Collect” button

• You will hear Motion Detector “clicking”

• You will also see data collected an graph

Lab Activities

• Turn the detector on and stand still in front of it

• What do you see on a distance vs. time graph?

• Repeat the test but slowly move away from the detector

• What do you see?

Lab Activities

• Turn the detector on and move back and forth in front of it ( get far away, move closer )

• What do you see on a distance vs. time graph?

GRADE - Graph

• Setup a graph of distance vs time for a person

• What would it look like if someone is moving away from these detectors at constant speed?

• What type of graph is this ( line, bar, pie chart )?

Bellwork - 08/27/12

• What does it mean to be precise?

• QUIZ – Thursday ( 6th ) and Friday

Precision & Accuracy

• Precision: the exactness of a measurement• Accuracy: how close a measurement is to the

true value

Applying Precision - Accuracy

• Scientists use significant figures to show precision of a measured quantity

• Significant figure: Prescribed decimal place determining the amount of rounding-off when assessing the precision of a measurement

• Round your answers to the correct significant figures

LAB Activity - GRADE

• Get 50 points for participation• If I see not participating in one way or the other –

less than 50 points

• Document on Projector Screen ( 1 / group )

Bellwork - 08/29/12

• Think of the paper-wad toss we did yesterday. Would it be accurate, precise, neither, both in the following situation? – 4 made it in the basket, 1 landed far away

• QUIZ – Thursday ( 6th ) and Friday ( 3rd, 5th, 7th )

Significant Figures – Counting Rules

• ALL non-zero digits are Significant• Leading and trailing zeros are not significant– 2500 and 0.000036 have TWO Significant Figures

• Zeros in between Non-Zeros are significant– 2501 and 2003 have FOUR Significant Figures

• Zeros after a decimal point ARE SIGNIFICANT– They do not begin the number– 25.00 and 15.10 have FOUR Significant Figures

Chpt 1 Quiz

• Scientific method• Branches of science• Metric conversions • units (length - meters, mass - grams, time - sec)• Types of graphs• Precision and accuracy

Significant Figures – Adding/Subtracting

• The answer cannot have more decimal places than the least number of decimal places in the calculation

• Add 15.1 to 3

• The answer is 18

Scientific Notation

• Earlier examples with TWO Significant Figures:– 2500 and 0.000036

• Want to shrink the number down to:– Number between 1 and 10– Multiply by a power of 10

Scientific Notation

• Earlier examples with TWO Significant Figures:– 2500 and 0.000036

• Becomes ( but they are the same number ):– 2.5 x 103

– 3.6 x 10-5

Scientific Notation

• How to write this out:– 2500 ( have to move 3 places to left) 2.5– 0.000036 ( have to move 5 right ) 3.6

• Positive or Negative Exponent on Power of 10?– 2.5 x 103 : 2.5 is SMALLER than original 2500– 3.6 x 10-5 : 3.6 is LARGER than original 0.000036

Study Guides – Pg. 4

• Do entire page ( Take home, study this and notes )

• Look at/Work through Pretest to study also

• When done– ask for Unit Conversions worksheet back– Correct/Finish Worksheet

Unit Conversion/Scientific Method Worksheets

• Improve your work ( finish blanks / correct mistakes )

• Show work on separate piece of paper

• No work – grade stays the same

• Something similar will be for homework next time