Bell Ringer #1

When and where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Use Chapter 19 Section 1!

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Chapter 19 Section 1

Great Britain 1780s

Started Industrial Revolution

5 Reasons to why it started in Great Britain

G.B. Contributing Factors

1. Better farming practices

More food (potatoes) Money for manufactured

goods2. Population growth

Large labor force3. Ready supply of

capital Capital- $ to invest in

machines & factories Entrepreneurs- person

interested in finding new business opportunities

G.B. Contributing Factors Con’t

4. Natural resources Rivers- Water Power

& Transportation Coal & iron ore-

Manufacturing 5. Huge colonial empire

Markets- places to sell goods

18th – 19th c. Changes in Cotton

Cottage industry- spinning and weaving in own home New inventions brought

workers to factories; flying shuttle

1782- James Watt improved the steam engine so it could drive machinery

Import of Cotton 1760- 2.5 mil lbs 1787- 22 mil lbs 1840- 366 mil lbs

18th – 19th c. Coal and Iron

Steam engine ran on coal ↑ (increased) coal

productionPuddling- process of

burning away impurities in crude iron Better quality of iron

Iron production 1740- 17,000 tons 1780- 70,000 tons 1852- 3 mil tons

19th c. Railroads

1804- 1st steam-powered1830- The Rocket- first

public train Liverpool to

ManchesterRailroad Track-

1840- 2,000 miles 1850- 6,000 miles

New jobs, cheap transportation

Factories

New labor system Shift work

Behavioral expectations On time Fired for being drunk Child workers beaten

Bell Ringer #2

Who was Karl Marx?

Use Chapter 19 Section 1!

THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Chapter 19 Section 1 Cont.

The Spread of Industrialization

Mid 19th c. Britain was the 1st

and richest industrial nation

EuropeBelgium, France, and

GermanyGovernment paid for

infrastructure

Spread of Industrialization Cont.

United StatesFarmers

1800- 6/7 of laborers 1860- ½ of laborers

Increase in population

Transportation Railroads Steamboat (1807)

Factory workers = women/girls/

The Clermont1st Steamboat

Social Impact in Europe

I.R. drastically changed the social life of Europe

Growth of citiesEmergence of two new

social classes Industrial Middle Class Industrial Working Class

Growth of Population and Cities

European Population 1750- 140 mil 1850-266 mil More food

European Cities Home to industries 50% of G.B. population

lived in cities (1850) Terrible living

conditions

The Industrial Middle Class

Industrial Capitalism- economic system based on industrial production Produced the

industrial middle class Built factories, bought

machines, understood markets

The Industrial Working Class

Terrible working conditions

12-16 hr work days6 days a weekNo employment

securityNo minimum wageWomen and Children

2/3rd of laborers Factory Act of 1833

Minimum age of 9

Early Socialism

Socialism- government owns and controls some means of production Factories

Wanted to replace competition with cooperation

Karl Marx

Bell Ringer #3

What is Liberalism?

Use Chapter 19 Section 2!

REACTION AND REVOLUTION

Chapter 19 Section 2

The Conservative Order

Conservatism- Political philosophy

based on tradition and social stability

Viewed religion as important

Hated revolution

The Conservative Order

Consort of Europe G.B., Russia, Prussia, Austria, and France Agreed to future meetings to maintain peace

Principle of Intervention Countries could intervene when revolutions

threatened monarchies An alliance between monarchies

Forces of Change

Liberalism- Political philosophy based

on Enlightenment principles

People should be as free from government restraint as possible

Civil rights should be guaranteed Freedom of assembly,

speech, and press Based on US Bill of Rights

Religious toleration and separation of church and state

Forces of Change

Nationalism- Common institutions,

language, traditions, customs

Each nationality should have its own government

Liberals supported the nationalists

Primary Ideologies- Use Notes and Book

Conservatism

NationalismLiberalism

Bell Ringer #4

What is militarism?

Use Chapter 19 Section 3!

NATIONALISM

Chapter 19 Section 3

Breakdown of Concert of Europe

Austria and Russia Enemies Both wanted Balkans

Russia withdrew from European affairs Austria had no friendsOpened door to Italian and German

unification

Nationalism in Italy

Italian Peninsula was controlled by Austria

Italy allied with France to provoke a fight with Austria

Giuseppe Garibaldi- Italian patriot “Red Shirts” Took over Peninsula

Unified Italy

Nationalism in Germany

Aided by Prussia’s Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck Realpolitik- politics of

reality (not theory or ethics) Militarism- reliance on

military strengthPrussia and German states

became allies Defeated the French in 1870

in the Franco Prussian War Germany Confederation

became the most powerful in Europe

Nationalism in Great Britain

1832- More male voters

Industrial Middle Class Continuous economic

growthQueen Victoria, 1837-

1901 Longest in English

history Victorian Age

Nationalism in France

Louis-Napoleon, 1848 Nephew of Napoleon

Bonaparte Restore empire

Voted on by people of France 97% yes Dec. 2, 1852-70

Emperor Napoleon IIIAuthoritarianEnded after Prussian

defeat

Bell Ringer #5

Which four other nations (besides Italy, Germany, France, and Great Britain) experienced a surge of nationalism during the mid- to late-1800s?

Use Chapter 19 Section 3!

Nationalism in the Austrian Empire

Multinational Many nations within the

empireDefeated by Prussia,

1866Compromise of 1867-

Dual Monarchy Austria-Hungary Separate constitutions,

legislatures, government, and capitals Vienna, Austria Budapest, Hungary

Nationalism in Russia

Early 19th c- Rural Little impact from the

Industrial RevolutionCzar Alexander IIEmancipation- freed

serfs, 1861Conservatives wanted

less reform while Liberals wanted more reform Caused conflict Resulted in nothing

getting accomplished

Nationalism in the United States

Divided on the issue of slavery Banned import of slaves in 1808 1800- 1 million slaves 1860- 4 million slaves

South depended on slave labor for cottonNorth called for Abolition (end slavery)1860- South secedes (formal withdrawal from a nation)American Civil War (1861-1865)

Emancipation Proclamation- freed slaves in Confederate territory

13th Amendment- abolished slavery in all of USConfederacy lost and rejoined the Union

Europe 1815

Europe 1850

Europe 1871

Europe 1913

Bell Ringer #6

What did Thomas Alva Edison invent?

What did Alexander Graham Bell invent?

Use Chapter 20 Section 1!

THE GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL PROSPERITY

&THE EMERGENCE OF MASS SOCIETY

Chapter 20 Sections 1-2

2nd Industrial Revolution

Steel- Bessemer Process-

technique used to turn iron into steel Mass production of

steelElectricity-

Thomas Edison- perfected the incandescent light bulb Established power

plants to generate electricity

2nd Industrial Revolution

Steel- Andrew Carnegie- Carnegie

Steel Company Created a monopoly (no

competition) on steel in the US

Vertical Integration- owning supply, manufacturing, and distribution companies

Horizontal Integration- buying competing companies

Social Darwinism- strongest businesses survive

2nd Industrial Revolution

Electricity- Made industry grow

Shift work (1st, 2nd, 3rd) Led to the invention of

appliances Toaster, washer, razor, etc

Made travel cheaper Street cars, subways, etc

Alexander G. Bell- invented the telephone

Transcontinental Railroad- connected eastern US to western US

Changes in Travel

Street Cars San Francisco 1873

Bridges Brooklyn Bridge 1883

Subways New York City 1897

Airplane Orville and Wilbur Wright 1st flight at Kitty Hawk, NC 1903, 120 ft, 12 sec.

Education and Women

State funded schools Increase in literacy

Women’s Rights Movement Suffrage (right to vote) Feminism- movement for

women’s rights More job opportunities

Clerks, secretaries Fewer children

Spread of Mass Culture

American Leisure Amusement parks

Roller coaster and Ferris wheel

Bicycling, tennis Theater Boxing, baseball Snack foods- Hershey

Bar and Coca Cola

Trade (Labor) Unions

Trade (Labor) Unions- Organized workers in the

same type of industry Steel, coal, textile, etc.

Worked together to improve conditions of laborers Safety, hours, pay, etc.

Strike- form of protest to promote union goals Employees did not work

unless the employers met their demands