Being an effective role model
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Transcript of Being an effective role model
Being an effective role modelDrs Margaret Kingston
& Leena Patel
You ARE a role model, but are you always a good one?
Being a positive role model is: A key attribute of a successful doctor A requirement of all UK registered doctors by the General
Medical Council
Education is an integral part of medical practice & learning form role models is an important aspect of medical education because: It teaches the application of knowledge and skills Influences career choices Is how our students and trainees develop professionalism
Students & trainees are aware of their role models - good & bad!
“I think a role model is the single best way to learn… if you can see
someone do it and understand how and why they do it, I think that’s
when you’ll get it”
“Enthusiastic about her discipline, involved students actively in the
work, excellent knowledge and practical skills, nice to patients, staff
and students”
“I’ve found my first rotation was very stressful, humiliating, I worked
and read because of fear…”
Personal considerations… Who are / were your
role models?
What was their influence on your learning and career choices?
Who are you a role model for?
What are your good and bad attributes as a role model?
ILOs for this workshop“Research indicates that being a positive role model is a set of skills, attitudes and behaviours which may be taught and acquired by doctors…”
Define positive and negative attributes of a role model
Understand how learning from role models happens
How you can effectively teach through role modelling
Studies have established the attributes reported in medical role models:Individuals who:Excel in their clinical knowledge and skillsThrough communication skills they maintain good
professional relationships Are effective and enthusiastic teachers
A tall order!Students & trainees have multiple role models,
learning different things from different individuals; the “composite” role model
How learning from role models happens
This is a complex process! Aspects have been explained through various learning theories:Individuals learn “to talk, from talk”Students & trainees learn professionalism through
the “Hidden Curriculum” :This is a process of assimilation into a community of
practice, not only by possession of shared expertise, but also the development of professional values and standards
Cruess, 2008
Video clip (cardiac arrest, first episode, see youtube!)
• For those you consider to be acting as a role model in
these scenarios:
– What positive attributes of a role model are they
displaying?
– Are they demonstrating any negative role model
attributes?
– How could learning through role modelling be
improved in this situation?
Positive role model attributesPersonal characteristics
• Compassion• Caring• Empathic• Patient-centred approach• Excellent communication skills• Good inter-professional relationships• Respectful• Good team player• Demonstrates leadership• Integrity• Honesty• Good sense of humour• Calm• Positive attitude
Clinical skill• Practically skilful• Demonstrates clinical
competence• Knowledgeable• Sound clinical reasoning• Ability to reach the correct
diagnosis• Strives for excellence• Presentation skills• Aware of own strengths and
weaknesses
Positive role model attributesTeaching abilities• Taking an interest in students and trainees• Spending time with students and trainees• Enthusiasm • Patience• Provide clear explanations• Versatile, learner centred teaching style• Constructive feedback• Demonstrating clinical reasoning• Facilitation patient interaction and learning opportunities• Identifying opportunities for reflection
Negative role model attributesPersonal characteristics
• Making derogatory comments about patients or fellow professionals
• Inappropriate humour directed at patients or colleagues
• Lack of empathy• Unfriendliness• Complaining• Expressing anger or frustration• Bitterness and cynicism• Opinionated• Lack of confidence• Un co-operative
Clinical skill• Lack of knowledge
Teaching abilities• Forgetting names and faces• Excessive criticism• Frightening or humiliating
students or trainees• Promoting unnecessary
competition between students or trainees
How to MAXIMISE learning through role modelling
1. Attention: Drawn attention to the behaviour or skill being modelled by:I. Physically emphasising it II. Asking them relevant questions III. Providing an enthusiastic narrativeIV. Subdividing and explaining specific aspects of a complex skill.
2. Retention: This may be enhanced by adoption of the following strategies:I. Repetition of a skill or relaying of an important factII. Symbolic representation to create visual memoryIII. Drawing appropriate parallels or realistic exemplification of possible harmful effects
(e.g. giving telling examples)IV. Relating new to existing knowledge
3. Production: Provide experience with appropriate autonomy 4. Motivation:
I. Awareness of motivators for learners including personal rewards such as enjoyment, enthusiasm and dedication, financial gains or social status, professional autonomy or influence.
II. Increasing frequency and magnitude of observed rewards & concurrence with the trainee’s own aspirations increases the effect.
How to MAXIMISE learning through role modelling
Wright & Caresse, 2002
How to MAXIMISE learning through role modelling
Blue sky thinking….1. Remember – you are a role
model!2. Make time for teaching3. Explicitly model skills &
behaviours4. Recognise & use seminal events5. Provide experience & feedback6. Creating a positive learning
environment and culture7. Providing learner centred
teaching8. Show you love it!
When it gets tough….1. Time for teaching:
– “Teaching when time is limited – Irby BMJ 2008; 336: 384 ”
2. Competing priorities:– Demonstrate how these are
managed, including work-life balance/merge
3. Adverse work related pressures:– Explicitly model effectively
dealing with these
Time to have a quick go?
Feedback from role pay
1. The scenario2. Positive role modelling skills to be utilised3. Barriers to learning
Scenario one Positive role modelling
skills to be utilised
Barriers to learning from
effective role modelling
You are the tutor of a
Problem Based Learning
(PBL) group and during a
case discussion one
member of the group
expresses homophobic
and racist attitudes; how
do you handle this?
Patient centred
approach Excellent
communication skills Respectful Positive attitude Constructive feedback Versatile learner
centred teaching
Personal opinions Attitudes of other
students Inappropriate humour Excessive criticism Humiliating or
frightening approach Patience Clear explanation
Scenario two Positive role modelling
skills to be utilised
Barriers to learning from
effective role modelling
You are in a busy clinic and a
patient who has recently
received a serious diagnosis
is very distressed. You have a
student sitting in. How do you
handle the patient and
effectively teach the student?
Compassion Caring Patient centred
approach Excellent
communication
skills Calm Hot review Identifying
opportunities for
reflection
Lack of empathy Time pressure
Scenario three Positive role modelling
skills to be utilised
Barriers to learning from
effective role modelling
You are undertaking a
procedure with a student
in attendance, how do you
effectively teach the
student to do this?
Patient centred
approach Practically skilful Facilitating patient
interaction and
opportunity for learning Patience Explicitly demonstrating
skills
Lack of confidence Time pressure
So, in summary, being a good role model is important!
Because, being a positive role model is A key attribute of a successful doctor A requirement of all UK registered doctors by the General
Medical Council
Furthermore, our students and trainees learn important skills and make important choices because of this: Through it they learn the application of knowledge and skills We influence their career choices It is how our students and trainees develop professionalism –
which has never been more important than it is now!
You ARE a role model; how can you be a good one (nearly) all the time?
1. Remember that you are a role model
2. Actively demonstrate your positive role model characteristics and skills
3. Actively demonstrate dealing with challenges
4. Create opportunities for authentic learner centred experiences with constructive feedback
5. Enjoy yourself!
ILOs for this workshop
Define positive and negative attributes of a role model
Understand how learning from role models happens
How you can effectively teach through role modelling
Thank you for your participation
Any last questions or comments?