Behaviour of Dams and Briges
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Transcript of Behaviour of Dams and Briges
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BEHAVIOUR OF DAMS AND
BRIDGES IN PASTEARTHQUAKE
By,
Poorani Saravana Priya.P
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REASONS THAT LEAD TO
FAILURE Structural failure of materials used in dam
construction.
Movement and/or failure of the foundationsupporting the dam.
Settlement and cracking of concrete or
embankment dams.
Piping and internal erosion of soil in
embankment dams.
Inadequate maintenance and upkeep.
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DAMAGES CAUSED
Rock-fill dams are more flexible
than those of concrete and more
resistant than earth dams.
However, the clay or concrete
used to make these dams water-
tight can crack in an earthquake,resulting in leaks.
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Possible damage would include:
Small, medium, or large cracks or
leaks;
Collapse of reservoir embankments;
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Other damages include:
Small leaks which should be
immediately repaired to avoid the
increase of erosion;
Accumulation of soil because of
landslides, which may need to be
dredged;
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CONCRETE DAMS Concrete dams can crack or the
foundations can fail.
Possible damage could include:
Cracks or small leaks that should be
repaired immediately;
Accumulation of soil due to slides;
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Broken spillways of ShihKang dam
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SEISMIC LIQUEFACTION
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SEISMIC LIQUEFACTION
Seismic liquefaction refers to a sudden
loss in stiffness and strength of soil
due to cyclic loading effects of anearthquake.
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SAN FERNANDO DAM
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KOYNA DAM-INDIA
The most important
structural damage to
the dam was horizontal
cracks on the upstream
and downstream faces
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Fujinuma Dam Failure
March 11, 2011 Japan
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UPSTREAM BREACH
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ABUTMENT SLIDE
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UPSTREAM SLIDE
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ABUTMENT BREACHING
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MAJOR FAILURES
Potential breach resulting from a slope
failure
The failure of the dam reportedly
occurred soon after the earthquake,consistent with a slope stability failure
leading to a breach of the dam.
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SLOPE DISTRESS
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Potential breach resulting from an
internal erosion, or piping failure
If the dam deformed significantly
during the earthquake shaking,transverse cracks could have
developed and promoted internal
erosion.
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EROSION
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SHIH KANG DAM
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BEHAVIOUR OF BRIDGES IN
PAST EARTHQUAKE
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MAJOR DAMAGES
Seismic Displacements
Column Failure
Joint Failure
Footing Failure
Steel Bridge Components
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LIQUEFACTION
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Showa Bridge 1964-Niigata
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Showa Bridge 1964 Niigata
The failure of Showa Bridge is mainly
due to LIQUEFACTION.
The pipe pile sinks directly into the
upper loose sand layer which causes
the 307 m long bridge to sink partially.
CRUSHING FAILURE
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CRUSHING FAILURE
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The crushing failure is mainly due totwo main reasons,
Improper design mix strength
and
Improper reinforcement
This failure occurred in Hyogoken-
Nanbu earthquake
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DETACHMENT OF PILE CAP
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The detachment of pile cap from pilehead is mainly due to,
Improper mixing
Improper Compaction
This failure occurred in Hyogoken-
Nanbu earthquake
PIERS PENETRATE
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PIERS PENETRATE
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Pier penetrating bridge deck due topile settlement or lateral bending
deformation under earthquake
loading. This failure occurred in Struve Slough
bridge, 1989
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LOMA PRIETA EARTHQUAKE
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Example Bullet Point Slide
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Structure lacked redundancy
Structure lacked ductility
Lack of capacity to absorb energy
Longitudinal restrainers helped, but
did not address column ductility.
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NORTHRIDGE
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Failures can be attributed to brittle
shear failure of short stiff columns.
Short stiff column next to abutmentfails
Unseating of hinge
Span collapse
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