Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.
-
Upload
rosamund-dickerson -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
2
Transcript of Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.
![Page 1: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Beef Cattle
Uintah High School Agricultural SciencesMr. Wilson
![Page 2: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
In your notebooks…
Make a list of ten benefits of beef cattle!Make a list of as many breeds of beef cattle that you can.List all the people you can think of that raise beef cattle.
![Page 3: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Beef Cattle
Science term for cattle is what? Bovine Just like Canine is a dog and feline is a cat.
![Page 4: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Beef production is big business in Beef production is big business in the U.S. ...the U.S. ...Largest single portion of U.S.
agricultural economy$40+ billion in direct sales18% of total agricultural sales
![Page 5: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Evolution of Beef Industry
Early civilization- cattle used for milk and some meat production, Meat was much leaner than today's beef
Grass fed Smaller framed Less muscle
As farming practices evolved and corn belt was formed the beef industry changed.
![Page 6: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Evolution of Beef Industry
Railroad also contributed to the centralization of large cattle feedlots in the center of the country
Started “segmentation”
![Page 7: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Beef Industry SegmentationBeef Industry Segmentation
“Segmented" -- several producers own a single animal between birth and slaughter.Cow/calf producers - calves born in springStocker cattle - buy weaned calves in fallFeedlots - buy calves at about 1 yearPackers - buy finished calves for slaughterPurebred producers
![Page 8: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
With segmented ownershipWith segmented ownershipThe cow/calf producer usually doesn't
knowUltimate productivityCarcass quality
NRCS photo by Lynn Betts.
![Page 9: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Shift to retained ownershipShift to retained ownershipSince the 1990s, a gradual shift has
taken place.Packers began buying based on
carcass.Cow-calf producers investing in
breeding stock more likely to maintain ownership through slaughter.
![Page 10: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Geography plays a partGeography plays a partCow/calf producers
Most in Deep South, Great Plains and Mountain West
Usually full-time operationsRoutinely over 200 cowsRequires land for forage
![Page 11: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
How much land is needed for How much land is needed for each cow/calf pair?each cow/calf pair?Arid Western regions may need 60 acresWetter Eastern regions may need 2 acres
Land is more productiveUse of intensive rotational grazing
Southern climatesPastures grow for more monthsLess stored feed needed
![Page 12: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Stocker feedersStocker feedersConcentrated in the Great PlainsMay graze winter wheat through the
winterOnce stockers are sold, wheat produced
for harvest
![Page 13: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Most near packing plantsTexas, Nebraska, Kansas and ColoradoTypically hold
tens ofthousandsof cattle
Large-scale feedlotsLarge-scale feedlots
![Page 14: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Herds less than 30Feedlots less than 1,000Majority are culled dairy animals and
dairy steersSecondary income
Eastern productionEastern production
![Page 16: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Carcass qualityCarcass qualityMany packers buy based on
carcass quality and/orlean:fat ratio
Bonuses for high qualityand lean carcass
Discounts for low qualityand fat carcass
Typical dressing percentage of a beef animal is 55-60%. That means a 1000 steer would yield a carcass weight of around 600lbs.
Photo courtesy Dr. Robert E. Mikesell.
![Page 17: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Environmental issues ...Environmental issues ...Overgrazing can lead to erosionIncreased grazing fees for Bureau of
Land Management public grazing landManure management and water
pollution
![Page 18: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Environmentally Friendly
![Page 19: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Animal Welfare Issues
![Page 20: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Advantages to Beef Compared to other animals
Forage is cheaper than feed. Less labor requirements. Low death loss. Adapt well. Good demand for producers,
especially small producers, because
inexpensive.
![Page 21: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Disadvantages
Through droughts, cost increases, due to no grass and feeding feed
Don’t convert grass as good as feed. Fewer offspring per year, compared
to other species. High cost to start operation;
Land is expensive Animals expensive $800cow vs. $90 ewe
![Page 22: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
What is a Breed?
a group of animals that have certain traits in common color size body structure place of origin horned or polled
![Page 23: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
What is a Purebred?
animals of known ancestry where all parents etc. are of the same breed
Breed associations register purebred animals, develop markets for those animals, and organize breed shows
![Page 24: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
What is Crossbreeding?
mating animals of the same species, but different breeds
Angus mated to Hereford crossbreed to achieve desired animal
traits
![Page 25: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Breeds to take note on in your notebooks!
Angus Simmental Gelbvieh Limousine Hereford Polled Hereford Charolias Brahman Texas Longhorn Beefalo Short Horn Santa Gertrudis Salers Maine Anjou
![Page 26: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
What are the English Beef Breeds?
• Hereford - Red & white, horned or polled– most popular in the U.S.
• Angus - bred to compete with Hereford– smaller cows and calves– excellent conformation (body type)– mature lighter– resistant to pinkeye & cancer eye (due to black)
• Shorthorn - dual purpose breed (meat/milk)
![Page 27: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Hereford
Origin- County of Hereford in England Breeders selected for high yield and
economical production Henry Clay of Kentucky imported the first
Herefords Herefords are registered by American
Hereford Association More Herefords have been registered
than cattle of any other breed.
![Page 29: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Polled Hereford
Origin- Iowa in 1901 Warren Gammon, an Iowa breeder
contacted all Hereford association members.
Located 4 Bulls and 10 Cows
![Page 31: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Angus
Origin- Scotland in the shires of Aberdeen and Angus.
Earliest records of Angus date to the early 1700’s.
George Grant of Victoria, KS imported four bulls in 1873.
American Angus Association organized in 1883.
![Page 33: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Brahman
Origin- from France Hot & humid climates Disease resistant
![Page 35: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
![Page 36: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Charolais
Origin- Charolles in Central France. King Ranch in Texas imported first
bulls into the United States. - large & long body, fast growth
used to increase size of English breeds increasing in popularity due to low
marbling
![Page 37: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Santa Gertrudis Origin- King Ranch. - 3/8 Brahman & 5/8 shorthorn. 1920 a bull named “Monkey” was
born. Monkey sired over a 150 useful sons. All present day Santa Gertrudis cattle
are descendents of Monkey the bull. popular in southern U.S. A sire is a father. Sired means to father.
![Page 39: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Texas Longhorn
Origin- Spanish Andalusian Cattle Brought by Columbus on his 2nd voyage
1860 estimated 4 million running wild in Texas
Almost became extinct by 1900 Horns spread to 4 feet or more Slow maturing and have high fertility Resistant to disease and parasites
![Page 41: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Shorthorn Origin- Around 1600, Tees River
Valley of Northern England. Originally called Durhams. Coates Herdbook was est. in 1822 to
record Shorthorns. Was first cattle Herdbook and served
as a model for other herdbooks that followed.
Originally Dual Purpose
![Page 43: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Brangus
Origin- USDA experiment station, Louisiana
3/8 Brahman & 5/8 Angus Adaptable to different climates Good mothering ability Produce desirable carcasses
![Page 45: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
What are Exotics?
animals not common to U.S. used for increasing calf weights importation laws restrict bringing
exotics into the U.S.
![Page 46: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Beefalo
Origin- Canadian ministry of agriculture
Good mothering characteristics Excellent foraging ability
![Page 48: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Beefmaster
Origin- Texas Crossing was from three breeds
under range conditions. Shorthorn Hereford Brahman
![Page 50: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Belgian Blue
![Page 51: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Belted Galloway
![Page 52: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Blonde d’Aquintaine
![Page 53: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Chianina
Origin- Italy One of the oldest breeds of cattle Tallest breed of beef cattle Short hair that is white to steel gray Terminal breed Low milk production
![Page 55: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Devon
![Page 56: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Dexter
![Page 57: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Galloway
![Page 58: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Gelbvieh
![Page 59: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Gelbvieh
Originated in Germany Red sometimes black in color Noted for superior fertility and
mothering ability Tend to be extra fleshy under the
throat
![Page 60: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Highland
![Page 61: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Limousin
![Page 62: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
![Page 63: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Maine Anjou
Originated in France Dark red with white markings or
black Developed by crossing the Mancelle
breed with the Shorthorn breed
![Page 64: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Murray Grey
![Page 65: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Piedmontese
![Page 66: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Pinzgaur
![Page 67: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Salers
![Page 68: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Salers
Origin- France Fastest growing breed in the United
States Mahogany red to black in color One of the last breeds to be imported
into the United States
![Page 69: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
![Page 70: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Simmental
Originated in Switzerland Oldest breed of cattle in the world Large, powerful breed Brought to the United States in 1971 Orange/Yellow and white to black in
color
![Page 71: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
South Devon
![Page 72: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Tarentaise
![Page 73: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Beef Production
Cow-Calf Production: own cows, sell weaner calves
Stocker: buy weaner calves, sell yearlings
Feedlot Finishing: buy calves, fatten, sell to slaughter house
![Page 74: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Beef ProductionCow-Calf: most common - need range land – fed lots of
roughages! - calve in spring, sell calves in fall - feed 2# roughages per 100# of cow
weight in winter (extra for cold weather)
![Page 75: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Supplement with needed proteins, minerals, vitamins.
Feed best hay to those that need it the most (pregnant, lactating, heifers)
Lots of clean water & free choice salt
![Page 76: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Cow-Calf Operations
How does it work?
What type of cattle are used?
When is the calving season?
![Page 77: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
What’s the Bull’s Job?
How many cows can one bull breed each season?
How many bulls would you need if owned 200 cows?
What is another way to breed your cows?
![Page 78: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Heifers: What are these creatures?
When are heifers able to start breeding?
Gestation period of ~283 days (9 months)
Can a cow ever have twins?
![Page 79: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Moo-cows get hungry too! What do we feed beef cattle?
Mainly forages- grasses and legumes.
Grasses Bermuda, Fescue
Legumes Clovers, Alfalfa
Pasture free of weeds. Why? It takes on average 6-9 lbs of
feed to produce one pound of beef!
![Page 80: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Supplements
Minerals Fed free choice
Creep feeding What is it?
![Page 81: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Where are we at in the process?
Calf is born.
Calf is weaned.
Where does it go next?
![Page 82: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Backgrounding system
Cattle is fed high quality forages and maybe some grain for about a 4-6 month period.
This is done to increase size of your cattle, as cheaply as possible. Because again grass is cheaper than feed.
![Page 83: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Feedlot Finishing
Place calves in feedlot 500-700#
Feed high concentrates (grain) 2-4 months
Slaughter at 1000-1200#
![Page 84: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Finishing system
Cattle is fed to slaughter weight here.-start at about 800lbs-finished at 1100-1400lbs-fed for about 150-175 days
Commercial feedlots MidWestern and Southwestern U.S. Fed feed concentrates
-high energy- corn, milo, oats
![Page 85: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Nowhere to go but,…
Slaughter House
Finally, beef is sent to grociers to be consumed by us.
![Page 86: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Review of Process
Cow calf operator- conception to weaning, 15 months.
Backgrounder- raises weaned calves until they are ready to go to feedlot. 4-6 months
Feedlot- fattens cattle to slaughter weight, usually 5-6 months.
Slaughter House to Grocery store to Table.
![Page 87: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Process Review Cont.
Total time require to get beef to the consumer.
From the first thought of the next calf crop to the table, right at or just over 2 years.
From the birth of a calf to the table, right at 16-17 months.
![Page 88: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Review
What is a cow-calf operation?
What do we feed?
Where are the beef cattle finished off?
![Page 89: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Beef Terminology
A mature male is called a: Bull A mature female is called a: Cow The act of giving birth is called:
Calving Gestation: 283 Days Castrated male is called a: Steer An Immature Female is called a:
Heifer
![Page 90: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
There are eight wholesale cuts that are then used to make retail cuts.
![Page 91: Beef Cattle Uintah High School Agricultural Sciences Mr. Wilson.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032703/56649d0f5503460f949e500e/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Beef, it’s what’s for dinner.