Bed Bugs: a Pest Control a Pest Control Challenge Challenge.
-
Upload
emily-mcdonald -
Category
Documents
-
view
228 -
download
0
Transcript of Bed Bugs: a Pest Control a Pest Control Challenge Challenge.
BedBed Bugs:Bugs:
a a Pest ControlPest Control
ChallengeChallenge
DescriptionDescription
SmallSmall – 3/16 inch long, oval, flat, reddish - brown insects
True bugsTrue bugs - w/ 3-seg. beak, 4-seg. antennae
Vestigial wings & a thin coat of fine golden hairsgolden hairs
Give off a distinctive “musty, sweetish” odor“musty, sweetish” odor
Partly digested blood in feces causes ““rusty” spotsrusty” spots
MalesMales – pointed abdomen
FemalesFemales – rounded abdomen
Adult Common Adult Common
Bed Bugs, Bed Bugs, C. lectulariusC. lectularius ((L.L.)) UnfedUnfed >>
Nearly Nearly EngorgedEngorged vv
BiologyBiology
Feed only on Blood – Mammals or Birds
Attach small (1 mm long ) whitish eggs to surfaces in harborages where the bugs hide in loose clusters
5 Nymphal instars ( Need >1 blood meal each )
Life Cycle takes 4-5 weeks (egg-to-egg) in ‘good’ conditions [ 75-80% RH; 83-90o o FF]]
Female may lay 200-500 eggs in her lifetime
Adults can survive >>1 yr. without feeding [ Nymphs 3-4 mo. (+) ]
Mating – “Traumatic” Insemination
Eggs & DroppingsEggs & Droppings
Adult Adult Bed Bed Bugs Bugs
MatingMating
Habits ( Behavior )Habits ( Behavior ) - Nocturnal, harbor in clusters, but NOT ‘social’
- Hide in daytime in cracks, crevices, bed frames, behind baseboards, mattress seams, etc.
- Take a blood meal to repletion in 3-15 min.
- “Prefer” humans but feed on other hosts, too
- Travel 5-20 ft. (each way) nightly to feed
- Feed every few days if hosts are available
- Often void part of previous meal while feeding
- Can remain fully active at <45o F
[ if acclimated for 4 - 24 hrs at < 60o F ]
Bed BugsBed Bugs Have Thin, Flat BodiesHave Thin, Flat Bodies
Adult Feeding & DefecatingAdult Feeding & Defecating
Bed Bugs & Rusty Spots on SheetBed Bugs & Rusty Spots on Sheet
Medical ImportanceMedical Importance
- Naturally infected w/ >28 human pathogens
- Never proven to transmit any human disease
- Several species feed on humans
[ Common & Tropical Bed Bugs,
Bat Bugs, & “Bird” Bugs ]
- Salivary proteins cause “sensitivity” to repeated
bites by large numbers of bed bugs
- - 5 stages: no reaction; delayed reaction; both immediate
& delayed; immediate reaction only; & finally, no reaction
- - True hypersensitivity can develop (apparently reversible)
- Serious social stigma to “having” an infestation
““BedBed Bugs”Bugs” ( (s.l.s.l.) that Commonly Bite Humans ) that Commonly Bite Humans
Bed Bat Swallow Bed Bat Swallow
ImmediateImmediate Bite ReactionsBite Reactions
DelayedDelayed Reactions (> 24 hrs.)Reactions (> 24 hrs.)
WhyWhy Bed Bugs are a Control Bed Bugs are a Control ChallengeChallenge
11.. Often hard to detect in small numbers. ( small, nocturnal, cryptic, & fairly mobile )
2.2. No reliable attractant available ( currently ).
3.3. Readily detect (& avoid) many chemicals.
4.4. Adults can live > 1 yr. without feeding. [ Nymphs fed > once can live > 3 mo. w/o feeding ]
5.5. Insecticide resistance newly documented.
6.6. Very easily re-introduced and/or spread.
Bed Bug Control in a Barracks, Bed Bug Control in a Barracks, caca. 1943. 1943
From From Pest Control MagPest Control Mag., May 2006, p. 42 ., May 2006, p. 42 [ Using “Zyklon B” (= HCN) gas ][ Using “Zyklon B” (= HCN) gas ]
Control Strategies & ConsiderationsControl Strategies & Considerations
- Thorough survey & accurate ID
- Educate customers ( may take > 1 visit; &
Sanitation alone will NOT eliminate them)
- Eliminate Clutter (poss. use sealed bags/ bins)
- Vacuuming ( beds, & other harborages )
- Hot launder cloth @ >>113113oo FF (or ‘dry clean’ )
- Treat harborages w/ residual insecticide
- - try to not use highly repellent materials
Control Strategies Control Strategies (Cont’d)(Cont’d)
- Dust electrical boxes, voids
( and maybe seal them shut )
- Seal harborages shut
( pref. w/ silicone-based sealant )
- Consider physical barriers if appropriate
- Sticky monitors maymay detect continued
presence ( but are not very effective )
NoteNote: Uncover bottombottom sticky areas
( this maymay catch bugs crawling underneath )
Thorough InspectionThorough Inspection
MattressMattress (especially seams) (especially seams)
Cryptic Harborage SitesCryptic Harborage Sites
Above Photo by M. PotterAbove Photo by M. Potter
Above (2) & Left Photos by: B. OggAbove (2) & Left Photos by: B. Ogg
Pictorial Pictorial
Key Key
To To
IDID
Bed Bed
BugsBugs
WhenWhen TreatingTreating “Think in 3-D” “Think in 3-D”
1.1. If you treat along part of a baseboard –
remember . . the bed bugs maymay alreadyalready bebe (or cancan gogo) inside or through wall voids,
along pipes, or through air vent passages
to rooms on either side, above, or below.
2.2. Consider concurrently treating the same identical “spots” or “edges” - a. On the other side of the common wall
b. Along the wall-ceiling edges of rooms below
(and/ or above).
Some Interesting Recent DataSome Interesting Recent Data
1.1. A major national Pest Mgt. Co. reported that for the period Sept. ’02 – Apr. ‘06, >24>24 % % of 700 hotels they serviced had active bed bug infestations . . . andand . . . .
2.2. In at least 19.7 %19.7 % of the cases,
at least one “secondarysecondary” room , of
440+ “primaryprimary” infested rooms ,
had live bed bugs at the same time
(before any treatment).
Some “Newer” Techniques & ProductsSome “Newer” Techniques & Products
1. IGRIGRss - Gentrol™ labeled for bed bugs (‘03)
2. HeatHeat or ColdCold ( Bldg., Room, “Batch”, Bed )
3. SteamingSteaming – Mattresses, Beds, etc.
4. Residual PyrethroidsResidual Pyrethroids several are currently
labeled for ‘crack-and-crevice’ treatments
5. EncaseEncase mattress & Pillows in plastic covers
6. PermethrinPermethrin repellent, over-the-counter (s-h)
7. Bug-sniffing dogsBug-sniffing dogs – – quick detection, small pop. quick detection, small pop.
Steam Steam TreatmentTreatment
Photos by F. Meek, OrkinTM
Heat Treatment of a whole AirplaneHeat Treatment of a whole Airplane
Photo by M. Holfeld, Seminole Mag.
COCO22
( “Snow” ) ( “Snow” ) TreatmentTreatment
Photo by CryoniteTMTM
Available through ResidexAvailable through ResidexTM TM www.residex.comwww.residex.com/bedbugs/bedbugs
Bed Bug-Sniffing DogsBed Bug-Sniffing Dogs
Bed Bug Bed Bug Control Control
Code of Code of Practice Practice ( CoP ) ( CoP )
AustraliaAustralia
QuestionsQuestions ??
A FewA Few SuggestedSuggested ReferencesReferences ((a.a.))Blow, J., M. Turell, A. Silverman, and E. Walker.Blow, J., M. Turell, A. Silverman, and E. Walker. 20012001.
Stercorial shedding and transstadial transmission of Hepatitis B virus by common bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae). J. Med. Entomol. 38(5): 694-700.
Cabrera, B., and C. K. Heinsohn. 20062006. Instant Symposium : Not letting the bed bugs bite. American Entomologist. 52 (2): 98-121. [[ Includes title article plus nine (9) more short articles as presented by other authors at the E.S.A. National Meetings in Ft. Lauderdale, FL; Dec., 2005. ]]
Cooper, R. and H. Harlan.Cooper, R. and H. Harlan. 20042004. Chap. 8. Ectoparasites, Part three: Bed Bugs & Kissing Bugs. pp. 494-529, In 9th ed. Mallis’ Handbook of Pest Control. S. Hedges (ed. dir.). GIE Publ, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Doggett, S.Doggett, S. 20062006. A Code of Practice for the Control of Bed Bug Infestations in Australia. Australian Environmental Pest Managers Assn., Ltd., NSW, Australia. 54 pp.
See: www.aepma,com.au
A FewA Few SuggestedSuggested ReferencesReferences ((b.b.))
Doggett, S., M. Geary, and R. Russell.Doggett, S., M. Geary, and R. Russell. 20042004. The resurgence of bed bugs in Australia: With notes on their ecology and control. Environ. Health, 4(2): 30-38.
Harlan, H., M. Faulde, and G. Baumann. 20072007. Chap. 5. Bed . Chap. 5. Bed Bugs. [ Bugs. [ InIn ] Vector Control. WHO, Geneva. ] Vector Control. WHO, Geneva. [[ inin presspress – – Due to be published Oct., 2006 Due to be published Oct., 2006 ]].
Hwang, S., T. Svoboda, I. DeJong, K. Kabasele, and E. Hwang, S., T. Svoboda, I. DeJong, K. Kabasele, and E. Gogosis.Gogosis. 20052005. Bed Bug infestation in an urban . Bed Bug infestation in an urban environment. environment. Emerg. Inf. DisEmerg. Inf. Dis., 11(4): 533-538 (Apr.) ., 11(4): 533-538 (Apr.)
Jupp, P., R. Purcell, M. Shapiro, and J. Gerin.Jupp, P., R. Purcell, M. Shapiro, and J. Gerin. 19911991. Attempts to transmit Hepatitis B virus to chimpanzees by arthropods. S. Afr. Med. J., 79: 320-322.
A Few Suggested ReferencesA Few Suggested References ((c.c.))
Potter, M.Potter, M. 20042004. Your Guide to bed bugs. PCT Mag. Vol. 32(8). [A special 6-page “pull out” section between pages 12 and 13 of the Aug., 2004 issue].
Snetsinger, R.Snetsinger, R. 19971997. Chap. 9. Bed Bugs & Other Bugs. pp. 392-424, In 8th ed. Mallis’ Handbook of Pest Control.. GIE Publ, Inc., Cleveland, OH.
Usinger, R.Usinger, R. 19661966. Monograph of Cimicidae. Thos. Say
Foundation, Vol. VII, Entomol. Soc. Amer., Lanham, MD.
WHO.WHO. 19821982. Vector Control Series. VI. Bed Bugs. World
Health Organization. WHO/VBC/82.857. 9 pp.
A FewA Few SuggestedSuggested Web SitesWeb Sites These web sites can be “searched” for more possibly
useful details, images, etc. about Bed Bugs.
The National Pest Management Assn.’s web site.The National Pest Management Assn.’s web site.www.pestworld.org
PCT Magazine web site.PCT Magazine web site. www.pctonline.com
Pest Control Magazine’s web site.Pest Control Magazine’s web site. www.pestcontrolmag.com
The Univ. of KY Extension Entomol. web site.The Univ. of KY Extension Entomol. web site. www.uky.edu/Entomology/entfacts/struct/ef636.htm
Or, Search for “bed bugs” on www.Google.com [ NoteNote - some ‘facts’ on some listed sites are wrongwrong !! ]