BBNAN21000/04000 Angol fonológia ea. English …...Angol fonológia ea. English Phonology lecture...
Transcript of BBNAN21000/04000 Angol fonológia ea. English …...Angol fonológia ea. English Phonology lecture...
BBNAN21000/04000Angol fonológia ea.
English Phonology lecture course
BBK 2018
Phonological contrast (opposition)
A central issue in traditional phonological analysis:
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes: distinctive / contrastive units
minimal pairs: pit – bit, right – wrote
minimal sets: pit, pat, pet, put, putt, pot
identical or at least overlapping distribution
(in most contexts) unpredictable
Lenin Lennon
cone comb
In Hungarian?
thinking sinking
Berlitz video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MUsVcYhERY
In Hungarian?
wet vet
wine vine
invite in white
In Hungarian?
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution
predictablecf.: pi__ is it a /t/ or an /l/? ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ phonemes
pi__ is it a [l] or a [ɫ]? :-D allophones
p__t is it [e] or [i:] or [aʊ]? ¯\_(ツ)_/¯ phonemes
p__t is it a schwa? :-D
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution
predictable phonetic variants, nondistinctive/noncontrastive, redundant, conditioned/positional variants, physical realisations
allophony / allophonic variation
phonetic vs. phonemic representation:
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution
The eng: ŋ
English:
sin – sing
win – wing
kin – king
Hun – hung
hum – hung
Sam – sang
ham – hang
Hungarian:
??
L versus R
English:
lip – rip
lane – rain
lead (n.) – red
lead (v.) – read (pres.)
lie – rye
miller – mirror
belly – bury
palace – Paris
Hungarian:
lét – rét
lúg – rúg
lebeg - rebeg
szál – szár
tél – tér
magyal – magyar
kelet – keret
szeletem – szeretem
But … Korean:
But ...
all – oar
fall – four
tall – tore
file – fire
owl – hour
hill – hear
● R-dropping● Rhotic/non-rhotic
accents● Non-rhotic accents:
phonotactic constraint on syllable-final R → defective distribution
possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution
(iii) free variation
+ family
when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation
e.g.:
- under zero stress: recall: all full vowel phonemes -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous
- voicing contrast of obstruents after /s/:
/t/ vs. /d/ cf. e.g., tick vs. Dick
/p/ vs. /b/ cf. e.g., pier vs. beer etc.
but: s_... ?? cf. e.g., spear but *sb-
Porto, PortugalPhoto © V. Schandl
THE END