Vowel sounds are classified in terms of: Tongue height Tongue backness Lip rounding Tenseness.
BBNAN04000 Angol fonológia ea. / English Phonology …¡vosfonó-1... · • tongue position...
Transcript of BBNAN04000 Angol fonológia ea. / English Phonology …¡vosfonó-1... · • tongue position...
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BBNAN04000 Angol fonológia ea. / English Phonology lecture course
(sávos)
BBK 2016
1. Intro
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phonetics – phonology – morphology
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Today:
• phonetics vs. phonology: vowels• revision of basics of phonology
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phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:
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phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)
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phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)
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phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic
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phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic: spectrograms:
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phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic
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phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic➢ auditory (speech perception)
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phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic➢ auditory (speech perception)
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e.g., the articulatory classification of RP vowels:
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e.g., the articulatory classification of RP vowels:● manner of articulation:
• monophthongs vs. diphthongs (vs. triphthongs)• long vs. short
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e.g., the articulatory classification of RP vowels:● manner of articulation:
• monophthongs vs. diphthongs (vs. triphthongs)• long vs. short
● place of articulation:• tongue position (tongue height +
frontness/backness)• lip position
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the Cardinal Vowel Chart
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the Cardinal Vowel Chart
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the Cardinal Vowel Chart
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Can you find the vowels of Hungarian?
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Can you find the vowels of Hungarian?
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The monophthongs of RP
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Gimsonian IPA symbols for the vowels of RP:
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Recap:
phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic➢ auditory (speech perception)
So far: the articulatory classification of RP vowels
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Functional (= phonological) classes:
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Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?
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Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:
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Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak: reduction under zero stress,
all full vowels -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous
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Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak
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Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence: bee-beer, sky-lyre (breaking),
cat-car, bid/put/but/bet-bird/purr/Bert (broadening)
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Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence (breaking, broadening)
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Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence (breaking, broadening)➢
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Functional (= phonological) classes:
in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence (breaking, broadening)➢ tense vs. lax
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The full vowels of RP:
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The phonological classification of the vowels of RP:
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Phonetics vs. phonology
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Phonetics vs. phonology
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The basics of phonology
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The basics of phonology
➢ sound inventory (universal/particular, markedness, implications)
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The basics of phonology
➢ sound inventory (universal/particular, markedness, implications)
➢ distribution of sounds, possible combinations (phonotactics)
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The basics of phonology
➢ sound inventory (universal/particular, markedness, implications)
➢ distribution of sounds, possible combinations (phonotactics)
➢ processes (alternations)
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The basics of phonology
➢ sound inventory (universal/particular, markedness, implications)
➢ distribution of sounds, possible combinations (phonotactics)
➢ processes (alternations)
that is, rules and representations
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possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
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possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
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possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes: distinctive / contrastive units
minimal pairs: pit – bit, right – wrote
minimal sets: pit, pat, pet, put, putt, pot
identical or at least overlapping distribution
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possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
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possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution
predictable phonetic variants, nondistinctive/noncontrastive, redundant, conditioned/positional variants, physical realisations
allophony / allophonic variation
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phonetic vs. phonemic representation:
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possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution
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possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution
(iii) free variation
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possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?
(i) correspond to different phonemes
(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution
(iii) free variation
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when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation
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when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation
e.g.:
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when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation
e.g.:
- under zero stress: recall: all full vowel phonemes -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous
![Page 68: BBNAN04000 Angol fonológia ea. / English Phonology …¡vosfonó-1... · • tongue position (tongue height + frontness/backness)](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad617167f8b9a6d708daa04/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation
e.g.:
- under zero stress: recall: all full vowel phonemes -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous
- voicing contrast of obstruents after /s/:
/t/ vs. /d/ cf. e.g., tick vs. Dick
/p/ vs. /b/ cf. e.g., pier vs. beer etc.
![Page 69: BBNAN04000 Angol fonológia ea. / English Phonology …¡vosfonó-1... · • tongue position (tongue height + frontness/backness)](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad617167f8b9a6d708daa04/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation
e.g.:
- under zero stress: recall: all full vowel phonemes -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous
- voicing contrast of obstruents after /s/:
/t/ vs. /d/ cf. e.g., tick vs. Dick
/p/ vs. /b/ cf. e.g., pier vs. beer etc.
but: s_... ?? cf. e.g., spear but *sb-
![Page 70: BBNAN04000 Angol fonológia ea. / English Phonology …¡vosfonó-1... · • tongue position (tongue height + frontness/backness)](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad617167f8b9a6d708daa04/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
![Page 71: BBNAN04000 Angol fonológia ea. / English Phonology …¡vosfonó-1... · • tongue position (tongue height + frontness/backness)](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022509/5ad617167f8b9a6d708daa04/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Porto, PortugalPhoto © V. Schandl
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THE END