Battles of WWIIBattles of WWII

Chapter 25 Chapter 25

Section 2Section 2

Attack of the PhilippinesAttack of the Philippines

►Douglas MacArthurDouglas MacArthur Commander of the American and Filipino Commander of the American and Filipino

forces in the Philippinesforces in the Philippines

► Japan attacks American airfields in the Japan attacks American airfields in the PhilippinesPhilippines Land Japanese troops thereLand Japanese troops there

►MacArthur retreats to the Bataan MacArthur retreats to the Bataan PeninsulaPeninsula They hold out for more than 3 monthsThey hold out for more than 3 months Lack of supplies and disease cripple the forcesLack of supplies and disease cripple the forces

Bataan PeninsulaBataan Peninsula

►FDR removes MacArthur from the FDR removes MacArthur from the PhilippinesPhilippines MacArthur was an American heroMacArthur was an American hero His capture would demoralize the His capture would demoralize the

American peopleAmerican people MacArthur is sent to AustraliaMacArthur is sent to Australia

►April 9, 1942 – allied troops at Bataan April 9, 1942 – allied troops at Bataan surrenderedsurrendered Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March

General Douglas

MacArthur

MacArthur or “Dug Out Doug”As his men called him had abandonedHis men claiming that he would return.He had ordered them to fight to the last man.

Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March

►78,000 American POW’s were forced 78,000 American POW’s were forced to march 65 miles to a Japanese prison to march 65 miles to a Japanese prison campcamp

►Thousands died on this marchThousands died on this march

This was the largest

surrender of American

Troops in U.S. military history.The American and Filipino

soldiers finally surrendered at

Corregidorin the Philippines

May 1942

U.S. soldiers on death march from Bataan to Cabanatuan – May 1942

Doolittle RaidDoolittle Raid

►April 18, 1942 – America bombs Japan April 18, 1942 – America bombs Japan for the first timefor the first time Bomb Tokyo to raise moraleBomb Tokyo to raise morale James Doolittle commanderJames Doolittle commander

►B-25 bombersB-25 bombers Long range bombersLong range bombers Take off from aircraft carriers but too big Take off from aircraft carriers but too big

to land on an aircraft carrierto land on an aircraft carrier After the attack they would have to land After the attack they would have to land

in Chinain China

Attack MidwayAttack Midway

►After the Doolittle Raid the Japanese After the Doolittle Raid the Japanese decided to attack Midwaydecided to attack Midway

►Yamamoto – commander of the Yamamoto – commander of the Japanese fleetJapanese fleet His idea to attack Midway IslandHis idea to attack Midway Island The last American base in the North The last American base in the North

PacificPacific To destroy the American fleet to protect To destroy the American fleet to protect

Tokyo from any more bombingTokyo from any more bombing

The Battle of MidwayThe Battle of Midway

►The Japanese launched their aircraft The Japanese launched their aircraft against Midwayagainst Midway Heading for an ambush Heading for an ambush US code breakers US code breakers Japanese planes ran into antiaircraft fireJapanese planes ran into antiaircraft fire 38 Japanese planes were shot down38 Japanese planes were shot down

►US launches a counterattackUS launches a counterattack The US sank 4 Japanese aircraft carriersThe US sank 4 Japanese aircraft carriers

►Yamamoto ordered his remaining ships Yamamoto ordered his remaining ships to retreatto retreat

A Turning PointA Turning Point

►Midway was a turning point in WWIIMidway was a turning point in WWII The Japanese lost 4 of its largest carriersThe Japanese lost 4 of its largest carriers

►The heart of its fleetThe heart of its fleet

6 months after Pearl Harbor the US had 6 months after Pearl Harbor the US had stopped the Japanese advancement in the stopped the Japanese advancement in the PacificPacific

The Struggle in AfricaThe Struggle in Africa

►Battle of Kasserine PassBattle of Kasserine Pass 11stst time US troops had to fight the time US troops had to fight the

GermansGermans US didn’t do well US didn’t do well outmaneuvered and outmaneuvered and

out foughtout fought Eisenhower fired the general who led the Eisenhower fired the general who led the

attack and put Patton in commandattack and put Patton in command

►By May 13, 1943 the last German By May 13, 1943 the last German forces in North Africa surrenderedforces in North Africa surrendered

Hitler Attacks RussiaHitler Attacks Russia►1942 – Hitler b/l the only way to defeat 1942 – Hitler b/l the only way to defeat

the Soviets was to destroy its economythe Soviets was to destroy its economy Capture strategic oil fields, industries and Capture strategic oil fields, industries and

farmlandsfarmlands

►The key to Hitler’s attacks was the The key to Hitler’s attacks was the capture of Stalingradcapture of Stalingrad Controlled the Volga River and was a Controlled the Volga River and was a

major railroad junctionmajor railroad junction Cut the Soviets off from the resources Cut the Soviets off from the resources

they needed to stay in the warthey needed to stay in the war

Stalin RespondsStalin Responds►Stalin ordered his troops to hold Stalingrad Stalin ordered his troops to hold Stalingrad

at all costs – retreat was forbiddenat all costs – retreat was forbidden►Soviet troops surrounded Stalingrad Soviet troops surrounded Stalingrad

trapping almost 250,000 German troopstrapping almost 250,000 German troops 91,000 Germans surrendered91,000 Germans surrendered Only 5000 survived the prison camps and Only 5000 survived the prison camps and

returned home after the warreturned home after the war

►The Battle of Stalingrad – A turning point!!!The Battle of Stalingrad – A turning point!!! Put the Germans on the defensive for the rest Put the Germans on the defensive for the rest

of the warof the war

Politics in 1944Politics in 1944► Service overseas kept many Democratic voters from casting ballots Service overseas kept many Democratic voters from casting ballots

in the 1942 congressional elections, and the low turnout helped in the 1942 congressional elections, and the low turnout helped Republicans gain congressional seats.Republicans gain congressional seats.

► Republicans seized the opportunity to roll back New Deal reforms. Republicans seized the opportunity to roll back New Deal reforms. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) and the (CCC) was The Works Progress Administration (WPA) and the (CCC) was abolished.abolished.

► But the Democratic administration fought back by persuading But the Democratic administration fought back by persuading Congress to guarantee absentee ballots for servicemen. Democrats Congress to guarantee absentee ballots for servicemen. Democrats won in the voting booths in 1944.won in the voting booths in 1944.

► In June 1944, Congress unanimously approved the landmark GI Bill of In June 1944, Congress unanimously approved the landmark GI Bill of Rights, promising to give veterans government funds for education, Rights, promising to give veterans government funds for education, housing, and health care, and to provide loans to start businesses housing, and health care, and to provide loans to start businesses and buy homes when they returned from overseas.and buy homes when they returned from overseas.

► After twelve turbulent years in the White House, F.D.R. was exhausted and dying After twelve turbulent years in the White House, F.D.R. was exhausted and dying with heart disease. But he was determined to remain president until the war with heart disease. But he was determined to remain president until the war ended.ended.

► ““All that is within me cries out to go back to my home on the Hudson River,” he All that is within me cries out to go back to my home on the Hudson River,” he declared. “But as a good soldier…I will accept and serve” if reelected president.declared. “But as a good soldier…I will accept and serve” if reelected president.

► Roosevelt’s poor health made the selection of a vice presidential candidate Roosevelt’s poor health made the selection of a vice presidential candidate important. Convinced that Americans had soured on liberal reform, F.D.R. important. Convinced that Americans had soured on liberal reform, F.D.R. dumped Henry Wallace and chose Harry S. Truman, a more conservative dumped Henry Wallace and chose Harry S. Truman, a more conservative Democrat.Democrat.

► Republicans, confident of a strong upsurge in the nation, nominated New York Republicans, confident of a strong upsurge in the nation, nominated New York Governor, Thomas E. Dewey. Governor, Thomas E. Dewey.

► Roosevelt was given a 53.5 percent majority, his narrowest presidential victory Roosevelt was given a 53.5 percent majority, his narrowest presidential victory ever.ever.

The Election of 1944