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Basis ifpri pres oct 2011 deere rev
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Transcript of Basis ifpri pres oct 2011 deere rev
IN HER NAMEThe Gender Asset Project:
Comparative ResultsCarmen Diana Deere
Workshop on Gender and AssetsInternational Food Policy Research Institute
Washington, D.C.October 13, 2011
IN HER NAME: The Gender Asset Project
A three-country comparative study, funded by the Dutch Foreign Ministry MDG3 Fund5 co-PI’s:Ecuador – Carmen Diana Deere, University of
Florida, with FLACSO-EcuadorGhana – Abena Oduro, University of GhanaIndia – Hema Swaminathan, Indian Institute of
Management, BangaloreComparative - Cheryl Doss, Yale University
Caren Grown, American University
Measures of the Gender Asset Gap
1. Distribution of assets by form of ownership
2. Incidence of asset ownership
(% of men and women who own)
3. Distribution of asset owners by sex
(% of owners who are male or female)
4. Distribution of households by form of ownership
Distribution of assets by form of ownership
• Unit of analysis is the asset
• Data is presented by type of asset (dwelling, agricultural parcels, animal, cell phone, etc.)
• Forms of ownership include individual and joint
• Joint ownership broken down by:– Couple
– All household members together
– Other household members (a mother & son, etc.; also includes a household member(s) with non-household members)
Distribution of Principal Residence
by Form of Ownership
The Gender Asset Gap Project •Excludes Bangalore
Distribution of Agricultural Parcels
by Form of Ownership
The Gender Asset Gap Project •Excludes Bangalore** Agricultural land in Ghana does not include family land
Distribution of Livestock
by Form of Ownership
The Gender Asset Gap Project
•Excludes Bangalore
Distribution of Savings
by Form of Ownership
The Gender Asset Gap Project •Excludes Bangalore
Incidence of Ownership
For each asset:
No. of women who are owners/all women
No. of men who are owners/all men
Gives the percentage of women or men who are owners either individually or jointly
Data presented is for adults (18 and over)
The Gender Asset Gap Project •Excludes BangalorePercentages may not add up to 100 due to rounding
Incidence of ownership –
Principal Residence (adults)
The Gender Asset Gap Project •Excludes Bangalore
Incidence of ownership -
Agricultural Parcels (adults)
The Gender Asset Gap Project •Excludes Bangalore
Incidence of ownership -
Businesses (adults)
Incidence of ownership -
Jewelry (adults)
The Gender Asset Gap Project •Excludes Bangalore
Incidence of ownership –
Savings (adults)
The Gender Asset Gap Project •Excludes Bangalore
The Gender Wealth Gap
Valuing Physical Assets
• Market (or sales) value: For how much could you sell this asset?
• Replacement cost: How much would it cost to purchase this same asset today?
• Present value: rental rate x discount rate
Wealth Data Presented:
• Market value
• Gross rather than net(Have not yet analyzed debt)
• Based on responses to Household Inventory
(Have not yet analyzed disagreements among couples which appear in the individual questionnaires)
• Weighted
• Truncated (Ecuador & Karnataka, India)
COMPARATIVE: Share of Women’s Gross Physical Wealth
• Ecuador: 52.5%
• Ghana: 30.2%
• Karnataka: 19.0%
IMPLICATIONS:
Marital & inheritance regimes make a difference!
COMPARATIVE: Share of Women’s Wealth by Quintile
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
Ecuador India Ghana
I--Poorest
II
III
IV
V--Richest
ECUADOR: Distribution of Male and Female Heads across Total Household Wealth Quintiles
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
Quintile 1 Quintile 2 Quintile 3 Quintile 4 Quintile 5
Non partnered Male
Non partnered Female
COMPARATIVE: Composition of Wealth by Quintile
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Ecuador GhanaFinancial Assets
Consumer Durables
Business
Ag Equipment
Livestock
Other Real Estate
Ag Land
Principal Dwelling
Comparing the Gender Asset and Wealth Gaps
Here use the third measure of the Gender Asset Gap: Distribution of asset owners by sex
(% of owners who are male or female)
Compare to Gender Wealth Gap: Distribution of asset wealth by sex
(% of gross physical wealth that corresponds to men or women)
COMPARATIVE: Share of Female Homeowners and Women’s Share of Housing Wealth
54.6%
23%
37%
53.8%
29%
39%
Ecuador India Ghana
Women's share of wealth Proportion of owners who are women
COMPARATIVE: Share of Female Parcel Owners and Women’s Share of Ag Land Wealth
48%
12%
24%
51%
20%
38%
Ecuador India Ghana
Women's share of wealth Proportion of owners who are women
COMPARATIVE: Share of Female Business Owners and Women’s Share of Business Wealth
28%
5%
38%
54%
31%
70%
Ecuador India Ghana
Women's share of wealth Proportion of owners who are women
Tentative Conclusions
1. It is possible to collect individual-level wealth data by sex!
2. Wealth adds a new and important dimension to the study of gender and social inequality
3. For most assets, the Gender Wealth Gap exceeds the Gender Asset Gap
4. Across our 3 countries, greatest disparity in relative shares is with respect to businesses
Tentative Conclusions
5. Troubling that highest share of women’s household wealth concentrated in poorest quintile
6. Differing composition of wealth by quintile suggests new avenues for research and policy interventions to reduce asset poverty and hence household vulnerability
MIND THE GAP!
Thank you….
For the country studies and further information:
http://genderassetgap.iimb.ernet.in