Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the...
Transcript of Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the...
![Page 1: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Basics of Dust Control and
Wind Erosion
Dallas Grossman Division of Water Quality
(701) 328-5242
![Page 2: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
NDR10-0000
PART II – STORM WATER DISCHARGE REQUIREMENTS
C. Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plans
2. Operational Controls
b. Good housekeeping practices to maintain a clean and orderly facility. Litter, debris, chemicals and parts must be handled properly to minimize the exposure to storm water. This includes measures to reduce and remove sediment tracked off-site by vehicles or equipment, and the generation of dust.
![Page 3: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Wind Erosion
• Major contributor to erosion of fine-grain soils.
• A thick layer of accumulated sand and silt may not support plant growth.
![Page 4: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Wind Erosion
• Wind erosion can be a problem in most states.
Field Manual on Sediment and Erosion Control Best Management Practices for Contractors and
Inspectors, Fifield, 2002
![Page 5: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Wind Erosion
• An issue during dry conditions when soil is exposed to wind.
• Unlike water-borne sediment, wind-borne sediment does not flow downhill.
![Page 6: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Wind Erosion
Methods of Soil Particle Transportation
– Surface Creep
– Saltation
– Suspension
Field Manual on Sediment and Erosion Control Best Management Practices for Contractors and
Inspectors, Fifield, 2002
![Page 7: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Surface Creep
• The rolling and sliding movement of particles across a surface.
• Can represent 5 – 25% of total soil loss from a construction site.
Field Manual on Sediment and Erosion Control Best Management Practices for Contractors and
Inspectors, Fifield, 2002
![Page 8: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Saltation • The hopping and bouncing movement of particles.
• The particles are small enough to be lifted by wind, but are too large to stay in the air.
• Upon returning to the ground they dislodge more particles.
• Can represent approximately 50 – 80% of total soil loss due to wind.
Field Manual on Sediment and Erosion Control Best Management Practices for Contractors and
Inspectors, Fifield, 2002
![Page 9: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Suspension
• Particles small enough to be suspended by wind.
• Remain in suspension for long durations and can travel great
distances.
• Can represent less than 10% of total soil loss due to wind.
Field Manual on Sediment and Erosion Control Best Management Practices for Contractors and
Inspectors, Fifield, 2002
![Page 10: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Size Distribution
Field Manual on Sediment and Erosion Control Best Management Practices for Contractors and
Inspectors, Fifield, 2002
![Page 11: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Erosion Rates
• Depend on erodibility of the soil and erosivity of the
wind.
• Erosivity falls into two categories
1. Atmospheric Flow
– The rate of soil movement is proportional to the cube of the wind
velocity.
2. Surface Roughness
– Five major categories:
– Vegetation height and density
– Clods and non-erodible fractions
– Ridges
– Field shelterbelts (or windbreaks)
– Local changes in topography.
![Page 12: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Surface Roughness
1. Vegetation height and density
• Determines the extent wind contacts the soil surface
2. Clods and non-erodible fractions
• Provide cover for smaller soil particles
3. Ridges
• Shelter and trap suspended particles when the wind is perpendicular to them
• Provide little protection when wind is parallel to them
4. Field shelterbelts or windbreaks
• Intercept suspended particles
• Particles deposit on the leeward side of the barrier
5. Local changes in topography
• Wind shear is greatest in upper part of the windward slope
![Page 13: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Erodibility
• Erodibility of soil is dependent upon
– Diameter
– Density
– Shape
• Most soil is held together in clods in the following ways:
– Water tends to hold soil grains together
• Sands tend to dry quickly
• Finer grains retain moisture longer and are more cohesive
– Texture relates to a soil’s moisture-retention capability
• More silt and clay results in more clods
• More sand results in fewer clods
– Organic cements resulting from breakdown of organic material
– Desegregating processes
• Freeze-thaw breaks down clods
![Page 14: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Minimizing Wind Erosion
• Things to consider:
– Control methods available during major grading activities
– Control methods to use after major grading activities
– Amount of area exposed
– Dust generating activities (cutting concrete)
– Location (near populated areas)
– Time of year
– Type of people affected
• People with health issues
• “Concerned citizens”
![Page 15: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Control Methods
• Minimize amount of soil exposed
• Mulch and seeding
• Mulch
• Structural Barrier and windbreaks
• Surface Roughening
• Dust suppression chemicals
• Water
![Page 16: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Mulch
• Straw or other organic material
![Page 17: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Mulch
• In order to prevent mulch from blowing away, it should be disc-anchored into the soil, hydraulically bonded, or covered with netting and stapled
• Mulch may help when optimum germination conditions do not exist (i.e., midsummer, early winter)
![Page 18: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Structural Barrier and Windbreaks • Deposition zone of 10 feet for every 1 foot of fence height
– Soil deposition zone = 10 x fence height
• Spacing between barriers depends on soil erodibility
– Low (erodibility) = 1,000 ft
– Moderate = 200 ft
– High = 50 ft
• The best sediment collection occurs when 40% to 50% of the fence is open (porosity)
Field Manual on Sediment and Erosion Control Best Management Practices for Contractors and
Inspectors, Fifield, 2002
![Page 19: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Structural Barrier and Windbreaks
• Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow fall, then the deposition zone is 35 feet for every 1 foot of fence
– Snow deposition zone = 35 x fence height
Snow Fence Guide, Tabler, 1991
![Page 20: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Control Methods
• Surface Roughening
– Construct ridges perpendicular to the prevailing wind or to the direction you want to protect
– Ridges should be 6 inches in height
• Water
– Useful when equipment is available and water retention capability of the soil
• Dust Suppression Chemicals
– Apply according to directions (do not over apply) or NDDoH guidelines (e.g., oilfield salt brine)
– Use caution when applying near waters of the state (do not violate a water quality standard)
– A significant amount of time should be provided prior to a rain event to allow the product to set and avoid being washed away by stormwater
![Page 22: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 23: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 24: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 25: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 26: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 27: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 28: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 29: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 30: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 31: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 32: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 33: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 34: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 35: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 36: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 37: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 38: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 39: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 40: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 41: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
36 mph winds
4/6/2006
![Page 42: Basics of Dust Control and Wind · PDF fileBasics of Dust Control and Wind Erosion ... and the generation of dust. ... • Caution should be used when placing barriers before snow](https://reader031.fdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022022502/5aaac1897f8b9a86188e7034/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Questions?
References
• Designing for Effective Sediment and Erosion Control on Construction Sites;
Jerald S. Fifield; 2001
• Field Manual on Sediment and Erosion Control Best Management Practices
for Contractors and Inspectors; Jerald S. Fifield; 2002
• SHRP-W/FR-91-106, Snow Fence Guide; Ronald D. Tabler, Tabler &
Associates; 1991
• Protecting Water Quality in Urban Areas; MPCA; 2000