Basic Drilling Engineering
Transcript of Basic Drilling Engineering
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Basic Drilling Engineering
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Contents WHY WE DRILL PROSPECT SELECTION HISTORICAL BACKGROUND MODIFICATION IN DRILLING TYPES OF DRILLING WHAT ARE DIFFERENT WELL LOCATIONS IN TERMS OF
DRILLING CONVENTINAL DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS RIG COMPONENTS ADVANCEMENT IN ROTARY DRILLING MUD TYPES & THEIR USAGE WHAT WE CALL A SUCCESSFUL DRILLING OPERATION
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Why We Drill
TO KNOW THE SUB-SURFACE
TO GET WATER FROM UNDERNEATH
TO GET THE BLACK GOLD ( OIL ) & GAS
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Prospect Selection
In case of Production wells, prospect selection is identified by the need to maintain or increase reservoir production
Exploration wells require geological and geophysical data gathering, processing and evaluation
• Surface geological study
• Subsurface mapping
• Identification of structures e.g. anticlines, salt domes, fault traps, sand bodies lenses
• Seismic Evaluation
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Historical Background
1808 PERCUSSION DRILLING BY CHINESE
FIRST COMMERCIAL WELL
1859 CABLE TOOL PERCUSSION DRILLING
1918 WORLD DEEPEST WELL BY CABLE
TOOL ( 7386 ft ) 1930 ROTARY DRILLING
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Modification In Drilling
Rotary Drilling Coil Tubing
BY THE PONDING ACTION OF THE DRILLING BITS
BY THE ROATARY ACTION OF THE DRILL BITS
USED FOR THE HORIZONTAL & MULTILATERAL DRILLING
Cable Tool
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What are the different Well Locations in terms of DrillingOnshore and Offshore
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Basic Drilling Rig Functions
HOISTING• DEERICK
• DRAW WORKS
• BLOCKS
• HOOK
ROTATING
• ROTARY TABLE• SWIVEL• KELLY
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CIRCULATING
• PUMPS
• STAND PIPES
• SOLIDS CONTROL EQUIPMENT
CONTROLLING
• BLOWOUT PREVENTOR
• CHOKE SYSTEM
Basic Drilling Rig Functions
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Rig Components (Hoisting System)
DERRICKThe function of a derrick is to provide vertical clearance to the raising and lowering of drill string into and out of borehole
Two type of Derricks
Standard Derricks - it is of bolted construction and assembled part by part
Mast – a portable derrick, one capable of being erected as a unit
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CROWN BLOCK
The fixed set of pulleys (called sheaves) located at the top of the derrick or mast over which the drilling line is threaded.
TRAVELLING BLOCK
A pulley (sheave) assembly that connects the drilling line to the hook and swivel
Rig Components (Hoisting System)
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Rig Components (Hoisting System)
DRAWWORKS
It is the control center from which the driller operates the rig. It contains clutches, chains and other controls
It houses the drum which spools drilling line during hoisting and allows feed off during drilling
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Rig Components (Rotating System)
KELLY A Kelly is a square or
hexagonal length of pipe that fits into a bushing in the rig's rotary table. As the rotary table turns to the right, the Kelly turns with it.
The main function of a Kelly is to transfer energy from the rotary table to the rest of the drill string
SWIVEL It suspends the drill string
and allows rotation at the same time
KELLYROTARY TABLE
RAT HOLE
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Rig Components (Rotating System)DRILL PIPESDrill pipe furnishes the necessary length for drill string and serves as a conduit for the drilling fluid
DRILL COLLARSProvides weight and stability to the drill bit, maintain tension on the drill pipe and help keep the hole on a straight course
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Rig Components (Rotating System)• HEAVY WALL DRILL PIPES
provides additional hole stability and aids in directional control
• STABILIZERS centralize the drill collars, help
maintain the hole at full-gauge diameter
• JARS provides sharp upward or
downward impact to free stuck pipe
• REAMERS helps to maintain a full-gauge
hole diameter• CROSS OVER SUBS which join components having
different types of connections.
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Rig Components (Rotating System)BITSMost critical component in rotary drilling operations. Different types of bits
Two main type of bits:
Rolling cutter bits - consist of cutting elements arranged on cones (usually three cones, but sometimes two) that rotate on bearings about their own axis as the drill string turns the body of the bit. These bits can have teeth or buttons
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Rig Components (Rotating System)
• Fixed cutter bits - also known as drag bits, consist of stationary cutting elements that are integral with the body of the bit and are rotated directly by the turning of the drill string. The principal types of fixed cutter bits are
• natural diamond
• polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC)
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Circulating System
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Rig Components (Circulating System)
MUD PUMPS
Their function is to circulate the drilling fluid at the desired pressure and volume
The pump normally used for this service is reciprocating piston, double acting and duplex type
STANDPIPE
A rigid metal conduit that provides the high-pressure pathway for drilling mud to travel approximately one-third of the way up the derrick where it connects to a flexible high-pressure hose (Kelly hose)
Many large rigs are fitted with dual standpipes so that downtime is kept to a minimum if one standpipe requires repair
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Rig Components (Power System)
PRIME MOVRES These are used to supply power
to drilling operations. These can be steam engines, electric motors, internal combustion engine
The bulk of rig power is consumed in two operations namely circulation of fluid and hoisting
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Rig Components (Controlling System)BLOWOUT PREVENTER (BOP) If the formation pressure is more than
the imposed by drilling fluid, in this case formation fluids flow into borehole and eventually to the surface. This effect is called blowout
The main function of blowout preventers is to close the annular space between the drill pipe and casing
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ADVANCEMENTS IN ROTARY DRILLING
DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
HORIZONTAL DRILLING
MULTILATERAL DRILLING
COIL TUBING DRILLING
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Drilling Hazards
Tools dropped while drilling Pipe stuck Increased size of hole Lost circulation problems Sloughing shale
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What we call a successful Drilling Operation
Through which we get our desired
results without any accidents.
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Quiz Test
Q.1 The first commercial well was drilled by
Q.2 write down the names of hoisting equipment
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Q.3 What is the function of Derrick ?
Q.4 What is the Function of BOP ?
Q. 5 what is the Latest Technique of drilling?