Drilling Engineering Presentation

7/25/2019 Drilling Engineering Presentation

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Drilling Problems&Oil Well Cementing Techniques

2009-Min-31 Sohail Manzoor

2009-MIN-36 Shafq Asi

2009-MIN-21 Mirza Muhammad Zaid

2009-MIN-37 Nasrullah Qaisrani


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What is Risk or Success rate?

Normal Subsurface Conditions!

Problems encountered!

Fishing!

Stuck Pipe!

Lost Circulation!

Sloughing Shale!

Formation Damage!Corrosive Gasses!

Abnormal High Subsurface Pressure!

Drilling Problems


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The two possible outcomes after drilling.

Dry Hole.

Producer.

Definition of Risk or Success Rate.

Expressed in Percentage or Decimal.

Success rate for new field wildcats in US during 2000was 33 %, only

What is Risk or Success rate?


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Critical subsurface conditions.

Effect of depth on temperature & pressure.

Geothermal Gradient.Subsurface pressures.

Earth or Lithostatic pressure.

Formation or Fluid pressure.

Normal Subsurface Conditions!


6/49

Fish or JunkFishing process

Fishing tools

Spear

OvershootWashover pipe

Tapered Mill Reamer

Junk Mill

Boot Basket

Wireline Spear

Fishing Magnet

Impression Block

Fishing!


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8/49

Differential wall Pipe sticking

Mechanical problems

Jarring

Spotting fluid

Lighter drilling mud

Dogleg

Keyseating

Stuck-point indicator tool or Stuck-pipe log

Back off operation

String Shot

Chemical cutter

Spiral-grooved drill collars

Stuck Pipe!


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Shafq Asi2009-MIN-36


10/49

so shal! alon" h! #!ll$or!% ha adsor$s#a!r rom h! drillin" mud

!&'ands and alls o h! $oom o h! #!llin lar"! $alls

(h!mi)als su)h as 'oassium sals add!d o

h! drillin" mud or oil-$as! drillin" muds ar!us!d o inhi$i slou"hin" shal!

Sloughing Shale


11/49

h! 'arial or )om'l!! loss o drillin" *uid and+or)!m!n slurr, o h! ormaion durin" drillin" or)!m!nin" o'!raions

Naural )aus!s in)lud! siuaions su)h as naurall,

ra)ur!d ormaions or un)onsolida!d zon!s Indu)!d loss!s o))ur #h!n h! h,drosai) *uid

)olumn 'r!ssur! !&)!!ds h! ra)ur! "radi!n oh! ormaion and h! ormaion 'or!s $r!a do#n

!nou"h o r!)!i.! rah!r han r!sis h! *uid n!# r!quir!m!ns o im! and mud and addsu$saniall, o h! o.!rall )os o a #!ll

Lost Circulation


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/os )ir)ulaion addii.!s ar! f$!rs%*a!s% "ranular mass!s% or mi&ur!s

h!, in)lud! r!d#ood and )!dar

sha.in"s% ha,% 'i" hairs% shr!dd!dl!ah!r% mi)a *a!s% lamina!d'lasi)% )!llo'han!% su"ar )an! hulls%

"round '!)an nu hulls% "round )oal%and as$!sos

Lost Circulation


13/49

I a .!r, 'orous or hi"hl, ra)ur!d zon! is!n)oun!r!d #hil! drillin" an !&)!ssi.!amoun o drillin" mud is los o ha zon!

durin" los )ir)ulaion h! zon! is )all!d ahi! or los )ir)ulaion zon!

A 'ill o los )ir)ulaion addii.! or )onrol

a"!n )an $! mi&!d #ih h! drillin" mudand 'um'!d do#n h! #!ll o )lo" u' h!los )ir)ulaion zon!

Lost Circulation


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h!n drillin" a #!ll% 'ar o h! drillin" mudliquid #ih som! fn!s )all!d mud flra! isor)!d ino an, '!rm!a$l! ro) ad4a)!n o h!#!ll$or! h! mud flra! )an d!)r!as! or

d!sro, h! '!rm!a$ili, o a r!s!r.oir ro) n!arh! #!ll$or! ha is )all!d h! ormaion dama"!

5ama"! o a ormaion r!suls in #o )han"!s#ihin h! ormaion

1 r!du)ion o 'or! siz! .olum! r!du)ion2 r!du)ion in r!lai.! '!rm!a$ili, *o#

r!du)ion

Formation Damage


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$, drillin" h! ormaion usin" $rin! or anoil-$as!% !mulsion or s,nh!i)-$as! drillin"mud

$, drillin" #ih a li"h-#!i"h drillin" mudha !&!rs l!ss 'r!ssur! han ormaion'r!ssur!

#!ll )an $! drill!d as!r usin"und!r$alan)!d drillin"

Formation DamagePreention


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)orrosi.! "ass!s su)h as )ar$on dio&id!(


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A$normal hi"h 'r!ssur! is *uid 'r!ssur! ha ishi"h!r han !&'!)!d h,drosai) 'r!ssur! orha d!'h

>n!&'!)!d a$normal hi"h 'r!ssur! in h!

su$sura)! )an )aus! a $lo#ou% anun)onroll!d *o# o *uids u' h! #!ll

8luids *o# ou o h! su$sura)! ro)s ino h!#!ll in ha is )all!d a i)

As su$sura)! *uids *o# ino h! #!ll durin" ai)% mor! *uids #ill $! *o#in" ou o h! o'o h! #!ll han ar! $!in" 'um'!d ino h! #!ll

Abnormal "igh Pressure


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h! sudd!n in)r!as! o *uid *o# ou o h!#!ll and h! ris! o *uid l!.!l in h! mud 'iar! d!!)!d $, an insrum!n )all!d a 'i-.olum! oaliz!r h! 'i-.olum! oaliz!rus!s *oas in h! mud ans o )oninuousl,monior and r!)ord drillin" mud .olum! Isounds an alarm i h! mud .olum!d!)r!as!s du! o los )ir)ulaion orin)r!as!s du! o a i)

Detection o Mu# Leel


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Anoh!r d!!)ion m!hod is $as!d on h!'rin)i'l! ha shal! should $!)om! d!ns!rand l!ss 'orous #ih d!'h as i is)om'a)!d

I h! shal! d!nsi, in)r!as! and 'orosi,d!)r!as! ar! l!ss han 'r!di)!d rom

)om'uaions $as!d on normal )ondiions%a$normall, hi"h 'r!ssur!s )an $! !&'!)!d

Detection o Mu# Leel


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In h! #ai-and-#!i"h m!hod% h! #!ll is shu in ash! ill mud is $!in" 'r!'ar!d h! mud 'um's ar!sar!d% and usin" a slo#!r 'um'in" s'!!d% h!ori"inal mud and i) *uids ar! r!'la)!d #ih h!h!a.i!r ill mud durin" on! )ir)ulaion

In h! drill!r?s m!hod% h! frs )ir)ulaion $, h! mud'um's is us!d o r!'la)! h! ori"inal drillin" mudund!r hi"h 'r!ssur! ha #as )u $, i) *uids #ihori"inal drillin" mud #ihou h! i) *uids h! s!)ond

)ir)ulaion r!'la)!s h! undilu!d% ori"inal mud #ihill mud h! a$normal hi"h-'r!ssur! zon! is h!ndrill!d% and 'ro!)ion )asin" is run and )!m!n!d inoh! #!ll o isola! h! zon!

Control o Abnormal "ighPressure


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Oil Well Cementing

TechniquesMirza Muhammad Zaid

2009-MIN-21

Shafq Asi

2009-MIN-36


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8un)ions o


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o allo# h! s!"r!"aion o h! ormaion$!hind h! 'i'!

o a@ord addiional su''or or h! )asin" or!ih!r $, 'h,si)al $ra)in" or 'r!.!nion oormaion 'r!ssur! $!in" im'os!d on h!'i'!

o r!ard )orrosion $, minimizin" )ona)

Functions o oil $ell cementingtechnique


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Single stage %rimar cement 'ob


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Single stage %rimarcement 'ob


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&)!ssi.! 'um' 'r!ssur! r!quir!d

I h! )!m!n d!nsi, is hi"h!r han

h! d!nsi, o mud

I h! )!m!n d!nsi, is l!ss han h!

d!nsi, o mud

Densit Di(erence%roblems


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Slurr, d!nsi,hi)!nin" im!Sr!n"h-im! r!quir!m!ns 8ilraion 'ro'!ri!s:!rm!a$ili, o h! s! )!m!n:!rorain" qualii!s(orrosion r!sisan)!

Factors a(ecting the selectiono cement


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Normall,% slurr, d!nsi, should $! h! asha o mud in h! hol! a h! im! o)!m!nin"

A s'!)ial diaoma)!ous !arh o lo#!rd!nsi, han $!noni! is us!d

&'!nd!d '!rli! is o!n us!d or h! sam!'ur'os! % his is a .ol)ani) or! ma!rial

#hi)h has $!!n !&'and!d $, h!ain" o isusion 'oin and su$s!qu!n )oolin" 2-6 B $!noni! is us!d #ih '!rli! slurri!s

Slurr #ensit


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hi)!nin" im! is h! amoun o im! ha)!m!n r!mains 'um' a$l! #ih r!asona$l!'r!ssur!s his is h! '!rha's h! mos)rii)al 'ro'!r, in h! dis'la)!m!n

'ro)!ss

8a)ors a@!)in" h! hi)!nin" im! in)lud!

1 )om'osiion o )!m!n 2 !m'!raur!

Thic)ening time


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h!r! is no uni.!rsal a"r!!m!n on sr!n"hr!quir!m!ns or oil #!ll )!m!ns ho#!.!r% f"ur!s200 o C00 'si )om'r!ssi.! sr!n"h a!r 2D-hr'!riods ar! o!n quo!d

h! .alu! o C00 'si is mor! #id!l, a))!'!d

:orland )!m!ns ha.! mor! sr!n"hs han is"!n!rall, n!!d!d% so man, addii.!s r!du)! o isnormal l!.!l

5!nsi, r!du)ion

Strength*time requirement


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(om'l!!l, hard!n!d )!m!n is a''ro'ria!o sha!r and ra)ur! !&)!ssi.!l, #h!n"un '!rora!d

/o# sr!n"h )!m!ns ar! d!sira$l!

)!m!n sha!rin" is no n!)!ssaril,

in4urious in s!)ions #h!r! n!ar$, "as or#a!r sraa ar! a$s!n and ma, a)uall, $!$!n!f)ial

Perorating +ualities


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S! )!m!n )ould $! '!n!ra!d $, )orrosi.!liquids !s'!)iall, hos! )onainin" (


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Shafq Asi

2009-MIN-36


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h! si& A:I )!m!n )lassif)aions ar! asollo#s

(lass AE in!nd!d or us! o 6000- d!'h%#h!n s'!)ial 'ro'!ri!s ar! no r!quir!d

(lass ;E in!nd!d or us! o 6000- d!'h%#h!n sul'ha! r!sisan)! is r!quir!d

(lass (E in!nd!d or us! o 6000- d!'h%#h!n hi"h !arl, sr!n"h is r!quir!d

Classifcation o cements


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(lass 5E in!nd!d or us! o 12%000- d!'h%#h!n mod!ra!l, hi"h !m'!raur!s and hi"h'r!ssur!s ar! r!quir!d

(lass E in!nd!d or us! o 1D000- d!'h%#h!n hi"h !m'!raur! and 'r!ssur!s ar!!n)oun!r!d

(lass 8E in!nd!d or us! o 16000- d!'h%#h!n !&r!m!l, hi"h !m'!raur! and'r!ssur!s ar! !n)oun!r!d

Classifcation o cements


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Som! o h! mos im'oran ,'!s o)!m!ns ar! as ollo#sE

1 :ozzolan (!m!ns

2 5ia)!l )!m!n s,s!m3 /a!&-)!m!n

D 5i!s!l-oil-)!m!n 5


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:ozzolan ar! sili)!ous ma!rials #hi)h #illr!a) #ih lim! o orm a )!m!niiousma!rial

h!, ma, $! us!d as an addii.! oordinar, )!m!ns or 'r!'ar!d as lim!-'ozzolan $l!nd #ihou :orland ,'!)!m!n

lim!-'ozzolan )!m!n has 'ro.!d o $! asaisa)or, d!!' #!ll )!m!n 5i@!r!n.ariaions in 'ro'!ri!s o 'ozzolans has$!!n o$s!r.!d% and indi.idual !sin" is

r!quir!d

Po--olan cements


39/49

his d!si"naion r!!rs o )!m!n s,s!msmodif!d $, on! or mor! o addii.!s lis!d asdia)!l 5% //% and A $, sandards

Su)h )!m!ns ha.! a lar"! ran"! o d!nsii!sand hi)!nin" im!s% #hi)h "i.! h!m a #id!s)o'! o a''li)a$ili,

8or sand 9CB hrou"h 200 m!sh is som!im!sadd!d o in)r!as! !arl, sr!n"h o h! mi&ur!

Diacel cement sstem


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his is a s'!)ial )!m!n )om'os!d o la!&%)!m!n% a sura)! a)i.! a"!n% and #a!r

I has 'ro.!d us!ul in su)h s'!)iala''li)aions as 'lu"-$a) 4o$s or #a!r!&)lusion

I is !s'!)iall, r!sisan o )onaminaion#ih oil or mud and !&hi$i a hi"h sr!n"h$ond #ih oh!r ma!rials su)h as )asin" %ro)s and !)

Late.*cement


41/49

Mi&ur!s o :orland )!m!ns% di!s!l oil or!ros!n!% and a )h!mi)al dis'!rsan ha.!$!!n ound us!ul in #!ll r!'air #or o s!al o@#a!r $!arin" sraa

his ma!rial do!s no s! unil $rou"h ino)ona) #ih #a!r% and has h!r!or!% anunlimi!d 'um'in" im!

I has also $!!n us!d o 'r!.!n los )ir)ulaion'ro$l!ms

Diesel*oil*cements /DOC0


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/o# #a!r loss% lo# d!nsi, )!m!ns oad!qua! sr!n"h and hi)!nin" im! ha.!$!!n 'r!'ar!d rom !ros!n!% #a!r%)!m!n% and 2 o DB $!noni!

(al)ium li"nosulona! is us!d as!mulsi,in" a"!n and r!ard!r

Su)h )!m!ns ha.! a''li)a$ili, in $oh'rimar, and r!m!dial )!m!nin"

Oil*in*$ater emulsioncement


43/49

!sin )!m!nsE :ro'!r )om$inaion os,nh!i) r!sin% #a!r% and :orland )!m!nar! o!n us!d o 'ro.id! an im'ro.!dormaion )!m!n $ond in )!rain r!m!dialo'!raions h!s! ar! )osl, han oh!rs

F,'sum )!m!nsE h!s! ar! s'!)ialmi&ur!s #hi)h ha.! hi"h !arl, sr!n"h

and !asil, )onroll!d s!in" im!s F,'sumis $asi) in"r!di!n h!, 'ro.id! !m'orar,'lu"s durin" !sin" and r!m!dial #or

1esin cements an# !%sumcements

ili


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8ollo#in" ar! h! au&iliar, !qui'm!n us!d

1 (asin" sho!

2 (ollars

3 (!niliz!rsD S)ra)h!rs

C (!m!n $as!s

6 'lu"s

Au.iliar cementequi%ment2s


45/49

Casing Shoe3 A )asin" sho! is a shor% h!a.,#all!d 'i'! run on h! $oom o h! )asin"srin" I has a round!d Gnos!H o "uid! h!)asin" ino h! hol! h! sho! is s)r!#!d on h!

)asin" and "!n!rall, is G"lu!dH #ih a hr!ad-lo)in" )om'ound (asin" sho!s ar! "!n!rall,a.aila$l! in hr!! ,'!s

"uid! sho! *oa sho! di@!r!nial fll sho!

Continues445


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Collars3 A )!m!nin" )ollar is ,'i)all, run as anin!"ral 'ar o h! srin" and is 'la)!d a h! o'o h! frs or s!)ond )asin" 4oin h! )ollar s!r.!sas a so' or h! )!m!n #i'!r 'lu" so ha all h!

)!m!n is no inad.!r!nl, 'um'!d )om'l!!l,ou o h! )asin" and ino h! annulus Centrali-ers3 (!nraliz!rs ar! 'la)!d on h!

!&!rior o h! )asin" srin" o 'ro.id! sand-o@disan)! $!#!!n h! #!ll $or! and h! 'i'! in an

!@or o assis in aainin" )!m!n !n)ir)l!m!n oh! 'i'! Num!rous ,'!s o )!nraliz!rs ar!a.aila$l! h! $o# s'rin" ,'! is mos )ommon

Continues455


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Scratchers3o a)hi!.! an !@!)i.! )!m!n4o$% h! slurr, mus $ond o h! ormaionS)ra)h!rs assis $, s)ra'in" and s)ra)hin" h!mud )a! on h! ormaion o 'romo! $ondin" o

h! .ir"in ormaion

Cement 6as)ets3 (!m!n $as!s 'ro.id!su''or or h! )olumn o )!m!n #hil! i )ur!s%

or hard!ns h! $as!s ar! o!n 'la)!d a$o.!los )ir)ulaion zon!s ha )anno su''or a ull

)olumn o )!m!n

Continues455


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Plugs3 h! )!m!n slurr, is normall,s!'ara!d rom h! mud )olumn $, 'lu"sha minimiz! in!ra)! )onaminaion h!

$oom 'lu" has a dia'hra"m ha isru'ur!d #ih 'um' 'r!ssur! a!r i s!ason h! )ollar or sho! h! o' 'lu" has asolid aluminum ins!r h! 'lu"s ar!

moun!d in a )!m!nin" h!ad a h! o' oh! )asin"

Continues45


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