8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

1/23

BASIC CONCEPT OF DISEASE

Joko Mulyanto

Department of Public Health & Community Medicine

Jenderal Soedirman School of Medicine

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

2/23

OUTLINE

• The concept of health and disease

• Determinants of health and disease

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

3/23

Definition of Health

• "a state of complete physical, mental, and socialwell-being and not merely the absence ofdisease or infirmity.“  (WHO, 1948).

• "a state characterized by anatomical, physiological, and psychological integrity; abilityto perform personally valued family, work, andcommunity roles; ability to deal with physical,biological, psychological, and social stress; a

feeling of well-being; and freedom from the riskof disease and untimely death"  (Stoes, !oren,and Shindell, 198").

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

4/23

Problems with the concet of health

•  #$stract and %a&'e

• Diffic'lt to $e meas'red.

• Health is more dnamic state ratherthan static condition.

• ncompass man dimensions.

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

5/23

!ore aroaches to the concet of

health

• colo&ical approach

• The e*tent to +hich an indi%id'al ora &ro'p is a$le to realie aspirations

and satisf needs and to chan&e orcope +ith the en%ironment. (-ast,").

• The e/'ili$ri'm amon& h'mans andother li%in& thin&s that share theearth (harmon).

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

6/23

Dimensions of Health

• 0hsical, mental, social.

•  #$sence of disease, illness, pain.

• eser%e for copin& +ith stress andillness

• 2'nctional a$ilit to allo+ tas to $e

performed

• 0ositi%e +ell3$ein&

• onformit to e*pected norms.

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

7/23

Concet of Disease

• The $o'ndar $et+een health and

disease is 5f'6

• S'$7ecti%e and o$7ecti%e perception.

• Sociolo&ical perspecti%e

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

8/23

Ob"ecti#e Percetion of Disease

• The impaired, endan&ered, lost of

indi%id'al and pop'lations health.

• ased on empirical and

e*perimental e%idence speciall in

modern medicine.

• The de%iation from the normal

distri$'tion.

• :'d&ed $ +ell3trained phsician.

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

9/23

Sociolo$ical Persecti#e

• The concept of disease, illness, and

sicness.

• Disease related to $iomedical aspect,

dia&nosed $ phsician, 's'all $elie%edlocated in specific or&an or sstem,

c'ra$le thro'&h specific treatment.

• ;llness is the personal e*perience of the

person +ho acno+led&es that he or she

does not feel +ell.

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

10/23

Cont%&

• Sicness refers to the social actions

taen $ a person as a res'lt of

illness or disease, s'ch as tain&

medication, %isitin& the doctor.

• 0atient feel illness, act sicness,

phsician dia&nose and treat

disease.

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

11/23

Final Tho'$hts abo't Health (

Disease Concet

• The concept of health and disease iscomple*, dnamic, and often 'nclear.

•

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

12/23

Determinant of Health an& Disease

• pidemiolo&ical Trian&le = Triad

• oncept'al ca'se and component

pies.

• iomedical model

• 2orce field > +ell3$ein& paradi&m of

health

• Health field model

• Social model of health

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

13/23

Ei&emiolo$ic Trian$le

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

14/23

Cont%&

• Traditional model of infectio's diseaseca'sation.

• *ternal a&ent

microor&anism, phsical chemical a&ent.• S'scepti$ilit of host

intrinsic factor? a&e, se*, $eha%ior,&enetic, SS.

•n%ironmentale*trinsic factor, affect a&ent > facilitatee*pos're. 0hsical, iolo&ical,Socioeconomic.

C

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

15/23

Concet'al ca'se an& comonent

ies

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

16/23

Cont%&

• Speciall for non infectio's disease.

•

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

17/23

Biome&ical !o&el

• Traditional %ie+

• Separate $od and mind

• The determinant is the pro%ision of

healthcare• Disease or illness appear +hen $od fail

to f'nction d'e to man ca'ses.

• Health is no presence of somatic si&n >smptom, and the a$sence of disease.

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

18/23

Health Para&i$m )Bl'm* Lalon&e+

• Heredit

• n%ironmental

•-ifestle

•

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

19/23

Health Fiel& !o&el )E#ans (

Sto&&ar&+

• *panded model of health paradi&m

• 9 components@ social en%ironment,

phsical en%ironment, &enetic

endo+ment, indi%id'al response,

healthcare, health > f'nction,

disease, +ell3$ein&, prosperit

• Dnamic interrelationship

• 0op'lation health

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

20/23

Cont%&

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

21/23

Social !o&el of Health )Dahl$ren (

,hitehea&+

•

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

22/23

Cont%&

8/19/2019 Basic Concept of Disease_edit

23/23

T H A N - . O U

d7oomoel7antoA"B