Rationalizing antibiotic use to limit antibiotic resistance in India
Bacteria Evolving Antibiotic Resistancepnhs.psd202.org/documents/gbrest/1550157284.pdfmulticellular...
Transcript of Bacteria Evolving Antibiotic Resistancepnhs.psd202.org/documents/gbrest/1550157284.pdfmulticellular...
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Bacteria Evolving Antibiotic Resistance
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• There are two types of reproduction:
• Asexual: producing a genetically identical offspring from a single parent.
• Sexual: produces offspring that share genetic information of two parents.
Types of Reproduction
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Sexual Reproduction• Takes time to find a mate.
• Favorable for seasonal environments.
• Provides genetic diversity (helps species cope with condition changes)
• Multicellular organisms
• Meiosis
Asexual Reproduction• Easier/Quicker
reproduction when conditions are right.
• Genetically identical offspring helps when conditions are stable/causes problems if conditions change
• Single –celled organisms
• Mitosis
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2 Types of CellsDiploid:
Two copies of each chromosome.
Body Cells
Haploid:One copy of each chromosome
Sex cells (gametes—egg and sperm)
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What is the diploid number of chromosomes in humans?
46!23 pairs!Found in all body
cells
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What is the haploid number of chromosomes in humans?
23!Found in sperm
and eggs
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Meiosis
• Sexual reproduction
• Gamete production
• Sperm and Egg
• Contain half the regular number of chromosomes (Haploid)
Mitosis
• Asexual Reproduction
• Body cell copying
• Cells make exact copies of themselves
• Contain full sets of chromosomes (Diploid)
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Mitosis
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The parent produces two identical daughter cells
DNA copies itself to ensure both daughter cells end up with a full copy of the DNA
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• Used for development, growth and repair of multicellular organisms
• Used for sexual reproduction in some species
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Why is it necessary to control cell growth?
• We’ve already talked about how cell division is necessary for a growing cell, but cell division can be dangerous.
• If cells rapidly divide, uncontrolled, disorders can occur.
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• Cancer is a disorder in which body cells lose the ability to control their rate of cell division.
• Affects multicellular organisms
• Cancer cells do not respond to the signals that regulate growth of cells, so they divide uncontrollably.
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• As cancer cells multiply, they form a mass called a . • Some tumors are cancerous,
some are non-cancerous.
• Problems caused by cancer cells:• Absorb nutrients needed by other
cells
• Block nerve connections
• Prevent organs from functioning properly
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• Cancer is caused by defecting the genes that regulate cell growth and division.
• Most common causes: • Smoking
• Radiation exposure
• Heredity (genes passed down from family)
• Infections/illnesses
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Cancer and Chemical Poisons
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Cancer and Your Family History
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Cancer and Radiation Exposure
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Cancer and UV Light
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Animation #1
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Animation #2
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Animation #3
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Mutagens Video
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The Future of Cancer Treatment: Gene Therapy