AVIS Global Energy & WUSME

“WORLD UNION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES” Piazzale M. Giangi n. 2, 47890 San Marino - Repubblica di San Marino

Iscritta nel pubblico Registro delle Associazioni della Rep. di San Marino al n. 350 C.O.E.: SM 23085

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October, 2014

WUSME INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP on

WASTE TO ENERGY as an Integral Part of Sustainable Waste

Management

Issues, Solutions & Technologies and Role of SMEs for Turning

Polluting Waste into Clean Energy

SAN MARINO

September, 5 – 7, 2014

AN INSIGHT

PREPARED BY:

DR. J S JUNEJA VICE PRESIDENT, WUSME

& CHAIRMAN,

GLOBAL PROJECTS & SERVICES PVT. LTD. 707, ANSAL CHAMBER – II, BHIKAJI CAMA PLACE,

NEW DELHI, INDIA

Email: [email protected]

www.globalprojects.co.in

http://www.globalprojects.co.in/

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Contents

S.No.

Preface Title

Speakers

Page No.

v

1 Welcome Address Captains Regent of San Marino, Dr.

G. F. Terenzi, President WUSME

1

2 Opening Speech H.E. Dr. Antonella Mularoni, State

Minister of Territory, Infrastructure

and Relation to the AASP, San

Marino

3

3 Introduction to the theme of the

Workshop : Waste to Energy

Dr. J. S. Juneja, Vice President,

WUSME

4

4 The Waste Treatment Hierarchy

& Management

Prof. Dr. Norbert Knoll von Dornhoff,

Secretary General, WUSME

14

5 Waste Management – Case Study

of Hungary

Mr. Imre Biczo, Director General,

National Institute for Environment

(NeKI), Hungary

21

6 How the European Union

supports Green Energy projects

through funding

Mrs. Claudia Mularoni, Chief

Executive Officer of Pragmata

Institute

25

7 Case Study of China Ms. Rongyong Yang, WUSME

Member of the Board & President,

Shanghai High Victory Fine Chemical

Co. Ltd., China

33

8 Waste Problem – A Case study of

India

Mr. Arun Agarwal, WUSME Member

of the Commision on Financial Issues

35

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9 Eco area , Better living – A Case

study of Rimini, Italy

Mr. Romano Ugolini, CEO, Eco

Area,Better Living, Rimini, Italy

37

10 Zhongguancun Federation of

Social Organization, China

Mr. Jian Dai, Secretary General ,

Zhongguancun Federation of Social

Organization

40

11 Preparing Action Plan for

Camerooon

Mr. Leon Ayana Ndz’e, Ministry of

Small and Medium Enterprises,

Social Economy and Handicraft of

Cameroon

41

12 A Case study of Cameroon Mrs. Angeline Henzen, Incharge of

SME, Ministry of Cameroon

43

13 World leading waste to energy

solutions – Complete Solution.

Mr. Helmut Konig, Director, Avis

Global Energy, Canada

45

14 Generating Electric Energy from

Organic and Plastic waste

Ms. Marta Laczko, Director, Intech

Energy Ltd.

48

15 Humic acids, humus and humic

substances

Dr. Rafael Pizarro,Lord Miedrich &

Partners Ltd., U.K

51

16 WUSME & UNESCO Initiatives Dr. Robert Holz, WUSME Vice

President & representative to

UNESCO in Paris for SMEs (France –

Europe), France

53

17

Conclusions and

Recommendations

57

18 Glimpses of the Workshop 59

19 Annexures I & II

61

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PREFACE

The theme of the WUSME Workshop “Waste to Energy” is a topical subject being debated all

the world over by political leaders, scientific communities, municipalities, enviromentalists and

intellectuals since the menace of waste is increasing every day in geometrical progression on the

one hand and depleting landfills, due to limited landmass, on the other hand. Therefore,

minimizing waste, converting waste into energy, recycling waste into economically useful

products are emerging solutions and some of them have been well tried and adopted towards

integrated approach for waste management.

In this context, the opening remarks at the Workshop by H.E. Dr. Antonella Mularoni, State

Minister of Territory, Infrastructures and Relation to the AASP, San Marino and Dr. Gian

Franco Terenzi ,WUSME President that waste should be treated as a resource

instead of a problem for the community, were very befitting and inspiring. This in fact set

the direction of the Workhop which dwelt on various technologies for turning polluting waste to

clean energy and other possible solutions.

The editing team went through all the proceedings and presentations of the speakers and has

structured this document keeping in view the premise to find solutions for utilization of waste as

a resource through recycling of waste into economically viable products and raw materials for the

industry,particularly SMEs and its conversion into clean energy.

Keeping this objective in view, the editors have gone through in detail the presentations and

relevant subjects from websites of speakers and other relevant sources since each presentation

team had limited time during the workshop. Clarifications were also sought, so that this useful

document could comprehensively give ‘An Insight’ into the problems, issues and

solutions for waste managment and Role of SMEs for turning waste into Energy.

The introduction of the theme of the Workshop, that is, `Growing menace of waste, useful

utilization of waste and its conversion into useful end products for waste management and

energy`was presented by the undersigned as the Chairman of the Workshop. Dr. Norbert Knoll

von Dornhoff, Secretary - General described the` Hierachy of Waste Treatment` and presented

a specific case study on Adriatic Sea Pollution hotspots. Mr. Imre Biczo, eleborated on total

management of all wastes in Hungary including its conversion to energy. Ms. Claudia

Mularoni highlighted Europeon Union’s commitment and financial support measures for Green

Energy projects from waste. Case studies of China were presented by Ms. Yang Rongyong and

Mr. Dia Jian. Ms. Rongyong informed of the policy initiatives planned & implemented in China

for waste management. Mr.Jian described the Zhongguancin high tech Park and the role and

activities of his organisation aimed at integrating resources, enhance exchange and cooperation

between domestic and overseas organisations for entrepreneurial development. A Plan of Action

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for promoting small and medium enterprises and artisans in Cameroon was presented by Mr.

Leon Ayana Ndz’e. Mrs. Angeline Henzen presented a case study on coordinating &

promoting WUSME activities in Cameroon for SMEs . Dr. Arun Aggarwal presented a case

study from India on waste management and the Indian Govt. support for energy from waste.

Mr. Romano Ugolini presented a case study of Eco area – a better living example in Rimini,

Italy, a place very near to San Marino based on the concept of SMART buildings, incorporating

energy efficiency and materials having low environmental impact. Mr.

Helmut Konig described technology developed by his organization for

converting waste to energy on a large scale which is commercially practiced

and operated in many parts of the world. According to him, although its

initial cost is very high, its pay back value makes it viable and hence could

be adopted. Ms. Marta Laczko specially, illustrated projects for

converting organic and plastic wastes into clean energy. She also

distributed a questionnaire to the participants so that she could provide

solution for the treatment of any waste and could be approached in this

context along with the filled up questionnaire. Humic acids/humic

substances produced in the soil by soil bacteria from organic substances

and their effects on human health were presented by Mr. Raffel Pizarro. Dr. Robert Holtz

elaborated on issues requiring WUSME`s attention.

I am thankful to WUSME President Dr. Gian Franco Terenzi for inviting me to chair this

International Workshop and to prepare a document for use and reference of the members and

other interested in the subject. I am indeed grateful to Dr. Maria Valeria Pasquini for her

backup support for providing all the relevant materials from the speakers and other sources on

continuous basis.

I am grateful to Ms. Pooja Das for her untiring efforts in providing her support for converting

the inputs into An Insight, backed by research on this important subject and without whose

support it would not have been possible to focus and finalize the same. Dr. S. N. Sharma, my

colleague merits my gratitude for going through the document objectively and providing valuable

editorial support to give finishing touches.

I am grateful to WUSME speakers, members and participants for extending their full support in

this effort.

Dr. J S Juneja

Vice President, WUSME

& Chairman,

Global Projects & Services (Pvt.) Ltd.

“WORLD UNION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES”



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1. Welcome Address by Dr. G.F. Terenzi, President, WUSME

Captains Regent of San Marino, Dr. G.F. Terenzi while extending his warmest

welcome to WUSME Annual Conference 2014 stated that the conference has been

organized to offer all those involved in Small and Medium Enterprises and Crafts a

time and a place to meet and discuss the main difficulties, challenges and

opportunities they were facing today. The Workshop

concerns, in fact, with an issue of greater interest and

importance not only for SMEs, but more generally for all

the communities and countries in the world, an issue

that touches everyone closely and propels both human

and environment in the future.

"WASTE TO ENERGY" is meant to be a moment of

constructive thought on how we can turn waste from

problem to resource for our communities, on how we

can realize a virtuous - efficient and sustainable - waste

management, on how we can retrieve and transform

waste into clean energy, a field in which SMEs can play

a truly important role with many benefits for everyone, the enterprises themselves,

the community and the environment.

A more efficient, sustainable use and re-use of the resources in the production

processes not only yield a more environmentally friendly impact, but also offer new

opportunities for growth and employment, starting from SMEs.

In fact, there are many ways and means available for them to participate in this

change. Innovative design, better and more durable products, more efficient and

sustainable production processes, greater efficiency in the supply chain through

enterprises networks and farsighted business models may contribute to increase the

efficiency and hence the competitiveness of enterprises.

It is prudent to become more aware of how all this is possible and will further be

possible and real, especially in view of a stronger - general and entrepreneurial -

culture and more widespread concern for the environmental issues as well as the

President, World Union of Small & Medium Enterprises, Republic of San Marino.




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adoption, by international organizations such as the European institutions, of policies

and measures which help SMEs take advantage of the opportunities arising from the

transition to a green and circular economy. The theme of the re-utilisation of waste is,

in fact, part of a wider process of transition to a new development model, so-called

"circular", where sustainability is at the center of the system.

At WUSME, we are committed to help SMEs seize all the opportunities that this

paradigm shift may bring, to take an active and protagonist role in this transition

process.

In this sense, occasions like this International Workshops and Conferences are

evidence of our ongoing commitment to create the conditions necessary for a direct

interaction among all those who act as entrepreneurs and/or in their interest, to

identify and exploit the synergies available to put in place concrete and profitable

actions that shall protect, benefit and support SMEs, Craft and the environment.

2. Opening Speech by H.E. Dr. Antonella Mularoni

Dr. Antonella Mularoni, State Minister of Territory, Infrastructures and Relation to the AASP, San Marino




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H.E. Antonella Mularoni delivered the opening speech on behalf of the San

Marino Government. She warmly welcomed all the participants for the WUSME

International Workshop at the headquarters of the World Union of Small and

Medium Enterprises, which is the main world organization representing at the level

of the United Nations. She also raised the problem of waste disposal and the

possibility to have a waste virtuous circle, enabling men to make it a

resource instead of a big problem for the

community. The contribution of small and

medium enterprises plays significant role in this

regard. She appreciated the topic for the workshop,

which was very timely for all countries of the world.

She added that San Marino is engaged to reach a 100

% rate of house by house, waste recovery by the end

of next year. The project is already partially in place

and in the areas concerned is giving very good results

in terms of quantity of the waste collected. The

problem remains the same as how to recycle it

better and make it a profitable exercise instead

of an expensive one. She wished the workshop, conference and other programs, all

the success.

WUSME President Dr. Terenzi with H.E. Dr. Antonella Mularoni

3. Introduction to the theme of the Workshop : Waste to Energy by

Dr. J. S. Juneja#

#Dr.J.S.Juneja,Vice President,WUSME and Chairman, Global Projects & Services Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi, India.

H.E. Antonella Mularoni during the speech




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WUSME President Dr. G. F. Terenzi invited Dr. J. S. Juneja, Vice President, WUSME to

Chair and introduce the theme of the workshop. Dr. J.S. Juneja introduced the concept

of Waste-to-Energy to the participants and its importance particularly for the SMEs of

the world and other emerging avenues.

Dr. Juneja quoted an article appeared in the journal Nature by Dan Hoornweg, Bhada-

Tata, and Chris Kennedy which stated that “ if business continues as usual, solid waste

generation rates will more than triple from today to exceed 11 million tonnes per day by

2100. The amount of garbage humans throw away is rising fast and won't peak this

century without transformational changes in how to

use and reuse materials. That level of waste carries

serious consequences – physical and fiscal – for cities

around the world.”

The authors have further prophesied for future:

“Through a move towards stable or declining

populations, denser and better-managed cities

consuming fewer resources, and greater equity and

use of technology, we can bring peak waste forward

and down. The environmental, economic and social

benefits would be enormous.”

Dr. Juneja complimented H.E. Antonelle Mularoni and Dr. G. F. Terenzi for their

foresight in treating Waste as a Resource, thereby, setting a direction for the

workshop.

Dr. Juneja drew attention of the participants to the fact that the menace of Waste has

been increasing.Throughout most of history, the amount of waste generated by humans

was insignificant due to low population density and low societal levels of the exploitation

of natural resources. Common waste produced during pre-modern times was mainly

ashes and human biodegradable waste and these were released back into the landfills,

with minimum environmental impact. Today however menace of waste was increasing

in geometric progression and has become a major challenge for humanity to control and

use it as a resource.

WUSME Vice President, Dr J.S. Juneja introducting the theme of the workshop




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Waste management and disposal issues are not just problem of a certain country or a

continent. It is a global issue which should be addressed globally & immediately.

Countries and governments are expressing concerns over problems with their waste

disposal as it has a major impact on individual and community health. There could be

chemical spills which could pose danger to water supplies. Poor landfills and incinerators

could release cancerous carcinogens and other pollutants in the air. Landfills in Asia,

Latin America and Africa are claimed to be blamed

for about 40 % of methane emissions every year.

Which was equal to about 37 million metric tons of

carbon dioxide.

Experts approximate that developed and

industrialized nations produce more waste

compared to developing countries. In the United

States, each American will produce an average of

0.75 tons of trash every year. Those in Europe are

estimated to accumulate almost half a ton of trash

annually. In Asia, an average person would

produce 0.2 tons of trash annually.

Although, Asia has the lowest waste average, it

does not mean that they have better waste

management system. There are studies and

surveys conducted in Asia about waste disposal

procedure. According to World Bank, China’s

whopping 190 million tons of waste every year is

not totally properly disposed. Only less than 50 % of China’s solid wastes are treated

properly, whether it is through landfill or incineration. China is not alone. Other Asian

countries, like India, Indonesia and the Philippines also have poor waste disposal

methods.

Regardless of territories and boundaries, pollution affects everybody. Environmental

problems in Asia could still affect North America, Europe and Africa. This is why there

are efforts among different countries in helping each other resolve environmental and

waste problems. An example would be the efforts between European and Asian countries.

Europe is leading in environmental technologies, about 60 % of environmental

discoveries and technologies came from them. They would play a major role in helping

WUSME President, Dr G.F. Terenzi along with VP, Dr J.S.Juneja during the introduction of the theme of the workshop




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Asian and other countries to become aware of different environmental damage happening

in their nations. Asian countries mostly would have to deal with issues of water and air

pollution, waste management for both households and industries, deforestation and loss

of biodiversity.

Countries, like the United States and Canada, are encouraging more individuals to go back

to the basics of waste reduction: reduce, reuse and recycle. The government are passing

laws, state regulations about trash disposal that would help homeowners to start smart

and proper waste management at home. Environmental issues are not just an issue of a

specified country. We should be more aware that by starting waste management in our

homes, workplace or school, we get to reduce the impact of pollution and climate change.

Dr. Juneja informed tha as per UN/OECD, the Waste and Waste Management have been

defined as follows:

A. Waste

According to the United Nations Statistics Division (U.N.S.D.):

"Wastes are materials that are not prime products (that is products produced for the

market) for which the generator has no further use in terms of his/her own purposes of

production, transformation or consumption, and of which he/she wants to dispose.

Wastes may be generated during the extraction of raw materials, the processing of raw

materials into intermediate and final products, the consumption of final products, and

other human activities. Residuals recycled or reused at the place of generation are

excluded."

B Waste Management

At a workshop in Berlin organized by the OECD in 1996, a definition of waste

minimization was worked out, according to which waste minimization is “Preventing

and/or reducing the generation of waste at the source; improving the quality of waste

generated, such as reducing the hazard, and encouraging re-use, recycling, and recovery.”

3.1 Treatment of wastes




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Dr. Juneja at length deliberated on types of wastes being generated and different

technologies that were available or were under development for treatment of different

type of wastes. The rapid industrialization has resulted in the generation of huge quantity

of wastes, both solid and liquid, in industrial sectors and civic communities.

In a broad sense, industrial wastes could be classified into two types: i) Hazardous

industrial waste and ii) Non-hazardous industrial waste

i) Hazardous Industrial Waste

Hazardous wastes, could be in solid, liquid or gaseous form and may cause danger to

health or environment, either alone or when in contact with other wastes. Various

agencies have defined hazardous wastes in different ways and as such, there is no

uniformly accepted international definition so far. Hazardous waste in particular includes

products that are explosive, flammable, irritant, harmful, toxic, carcinogenic, corrosive,

infectious, or toxic to reproduction.

Management and Treatment Options for Hazardous Waste

Use of Hazardous Wastes : as Alternate Fuels

Incinerationof Hazardous waste: to reduce both the toxicity and the

volume of the waste

Disposal of Hazardous wastes in (secured) landfill: area designed

scientifically to have an impervious stratum at bottom to stop

leaching/percolation, and thus to avoid soil and water

pollution/contamination.

ii) Non-Hazardous Industrial Waste

The non hazardous wastes are generated by industrial and commercial activities and

are similar to household wastes and treated by same methods. The table below gives

treatment option for various non hazardous wastes.

Table: Various industries producing wastes and treatment adopted and their applications




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Industries Prominent Wastes Generated Treatment Option Application

Sugar Mills Sugar bagasse Combustion and

Gasification

Heat and Power

Press mud Composting Fertilizer

Sugar molasses Fermentation Ethanol synthesis

Fermentative Yeast biomass Bio methanation Biogas production

& digestate

Slaughter

houses

Organs, Tissues, Blood, Hides,

Animal excreta and Carcass etc

Bio methanation Biogas production

& digestate

Paper mills Pulp Bio methanation Biogas production

& digestate

Paper shavings Combustion Heat and power

Wood wastes and Paper boards Combustion and

gasification

Heat and power

Dairy Plants Whey and Milk cream Bio methanation Biogas production

& digestate

Sago factories Starch materials and peels Bio methanation Biogas production

& digestate

Tanneries Hides and skins Acid treatments and

bio methanation

Biogas production

& digestate

Animal

Husbandries

Animal excreta and body fluids Bio methanation Biogas production

& digestate

Fruits and

vegetable

processing

units

Pulp wastes Bio methanation Biogas production

& digestate

Please Note: It does not include the finished goods from industries such as plastic and cables etc thrown off as urban solid wastes.

3.2 Recycling of Waste

Recycling of waste is a crucial productive method of

waste utilization. Recycled products are also becoming

more popular and important and are growing every

day, as oil exploration moves to ever more hostile and

difficult to reach locations, which will result in prices of

products made from oil to increase. Hence, recycling is

the best option for waste management for plastics,

textile, paper, metal and other wastes.

i) Plastic Recycling involves different

stages, namely: Dr. Juneja addressing the gathering




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Millions of tons of plastic waste end up in landfill when the vast majority of it can be

recycled.Plastic recycling is processing waste plastic, turning old or scrap plastic into

useable products that can re-enter the manufacturing chain. In order for plastic to be

suitable for re use in the manufacturing environments there are different stages

involved,namely

Stage 1: Sorting the plastic into specific types Stage 2: Washing Waste Plastic to remove foreign material Stage 3: Shredding the Plastic into small pellets for packaging Stage 4: Identify and classify the Plastic by chemical tests Stage 5: Extruding into form of pellets for manufacturing plastic products

Figure: 1.1

ii) Metal Recycling

Steel scrap from the demolished ships is a major source of raw material for the re-rolling

mills in India. Normally at least 70 % of the total light displacement tonnage of a ship

broken constitutes of re-rollable scrap. These are converted into bars and rods that are

used in the construction sector. Gujarat coast in India has become the biggest ship

http://biofinagroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/infographicplastic.jpg

http://biofinagroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/infographicplastic.jpg




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wrecking yard of the world. The other sources for the scrap are re roll able scrap from

railways, pencil ingots from induction furnaces, semis from integrated plants etc.

Figure:1.2

Incidentally, everywhere else in the world the scrap from the demolished ships are usually

sent into melting furnaces, India is probably only country that has the technique of re-

rolling scrap into producing construction steel without having to first cast scrap as billets

and ingots.

iii) Textile Recycling

Textile recycling is the method of reusing or reprocessing used clothing, fibrous material

and clothing scraps from the manufacturing process and used clothing from households.

Figure:1.3

Textile Recycling




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Clothing fabric generally consists of composites of cotton (biodegradable material) and

synthetic plastics. The textile's composition will affect its durability and method of

recycling.

In case of specialized polyester based materials the shredded fabric is granulated and

formed into small pellets. The pellets are broken down polymerized and turned into

polyester chips. The chips are melted and spun into new filament fiber used to make new

polyester fabrics. Woolen fabrics are processed to make coarse yarn which is woven to

make blankets for the weaker sections of the society.

iv) Paper recycling

Paper recycling involves converting waste paper comprising paper waste from mills, pre

and post consumer paper waste etc.The waste is converted chemically into pulp , cleaned,

deinked and converted into paper. SMEs produce corrugated and packaging boxes,paper

for packaging consumer products etc. SME in India produce quality hand made paper

through the recycling process.

Paper Recycling

SORTING AND

STACKING WASTE

PAPER

PROCESSING IN

RECYCLING PLANT

ROLLS OF RECYCLED

PAPER

DIFFERENT PRODUCTS i.e.,

PAPER BAG, HANDMADE PAPER Figure: 1.4

3.3 WASTE TO ENERGY

Waste is converted into energy in India in various forms by SMEs.

i. Timber recycling

Timber recycling or Wood recycling is the process of turning waste timber into

usable products. Recycled timber most commonly comes from old buildings, bridges and




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wharfs. Sawdust from the saw mills is converted into briquettes by SMEs which is used as

domestic fuel for cooking or in the bakeries etc.

Timber/ Wood Waste

WASTER TIMBER

RECYCLING WOOD INTO

SAW DUST

PRODUCTS

WASTE TO ENERGY

Figure:1.5

ii. Biogas

Biogas commonly known as ‘Gobar Gas’ in rural India is a popular method of converting

cattle excreta into Gobar gas, used as clean fuel for household cooking. Government of

India has popularized this concept successfully for many years especially in rural India.

The leftover from the cattle waste or excreta after fermentation is utilized as organic

manure or fertilizers.

Gobar Gas (Biogas)

COW DUNG

BIOGAS GENERATOR

COOKING

MANURE

METHANE

(BIOGAS)

Figure: 1.6




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iii. Biomass

Among the renewable energy sources, biomass plays a vital role especially in rural areas,

as it constitutes the major energy source to majority of households in India. India is the

7th largest country in the world spanning 328 million hectares and amply bestowed

with renewable sources of energy .Typically technologies for biomass energy are broadly

classified on the basis of principles of thermo chemistry as combustion, gasification,

pyrolysis and biochemistry as anaerobic digestion, fermentation and trans-esterification.

Each technology has its uniqueness to produce a major calorific end product and a

mixture of by-products.

3.4 Government provide incentives and other subsidies:

Various countries provide incentives for converting non – conventional energy resources

into viable energy projects. The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) of the

Government of India provides Central Financial Assistance (CFA) in the form of capital

subsidy and financial incentives to the biomass energy projects and non conventional

energy resources utilization in India. CFA is allotted to the projects on the basis of

installed capacity, energy generation mode and its application etc. Financial support is

available selectively through a transparent and competitive procedure. Hence,

Government of India is also encouraging the waste to energy initiative and is working

towards achieving better results in the field of waste management.




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4. The Waste Treatment Hierarchy & Management by Prof. Dr. Norbert

Knoll von Dornhoff*

Prof. Knoll made an elaborate presentation on waste management hierarchy with special

reference to Adriatic Sea Environment Programme. According by him SMEs and Crafts

supporting Associations like WUSME, The

World Union of Small and Medium Enterprises,

in Consultative Status with UN ECOSOC, were

aware since long that “WASTE” as a by-product

of economic activity by bigger and smaller

businesses was an integral part of the global

economy. SMEs and Crafts are significantly

contributing to new sustainable technologies for

waste recycling and the production of energy

(e.g. oil, gas, electricity, building materials, and

organic fertilizers) from waste, such generating

new business activities for smaller companies.

Figure 1.7: The Waste Treatment Hierarchy

* Prof. Dr. Norbert Knoll von Dornhoff, WUSME Secretary-General

Prof. Dr. Norbert Knoll von Dornhoff during the workshop.




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The waste hierarchy is a process used to protect the environment and conserve

resources through a priority approach established in waste policy and legislation. The

hierarchy establishes preferred program priorities based on sustainability. To be

sustainable, waste management cannot be solved only with technical end-of-pipe

solutions and an integrated approach is necessary.

The waste management hierarchy indicates an order of preference for action to reduce

and manage waste, and is usually presented diagrammatically in the form of a

pyramid. The hierarchy captures the progression of a material or product through

successive stages of waste management, and represents the latter part of the life-cycle

for each product.

The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from

products and to generate the minimum amount of waste. The proper application of

the waste hierarchy can have several benefits. It can help prevent emissions of

greenhouse gases, reduces pollutants, save energy, conserves resources, create jobs

promote enterprise & SMEs and stimulate the development of green technologies.

Adriatic Sea Pollution Hot Spots

Figure:1.8




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Dr. Norbert mentioned about the issues concerning the hot spot in the Adriatic Sea.

According to the World Bank Report on Adriatic Sea Environment Program, Rapid

Assessment of pollution Hotspots for the Adriatic Sea 2011. The Adriatic Sea is the most

significant tourism and recreational area in Europe and a major maritime route for the

goods transported to central and south-eastern European markets. It is a semi-enclosed

sea forming a distinct sub-region within the Mediterranean Sea region. Slow water

exchange mechanisms make it particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic activities from

more than 50 million people living within the Adriatic Sea catchment area, 20% of that

on the coastline itself, and about 30 million tourists visiting this area every year, out of

which 15 million on the eastern coast. The study considered 41 potential pollution hotspot

sites and confirmed the existence of 27 hotspot pollution sites in the Adriatic Sea, out of

which 6 at the eastern coast were identified as priority sites that require immediate

actions to be taken in order to reach the desirable environmental conditions. These

actions should be followed by the measures to reduce pollution in the other 12 pollution

hotspot sites at the eastern Adriatic Sea coastline, which are considered as lesser priority.

In the regional perspective, the number of pollution hotspot sites in the Adriatic Sea

represents 18% of all the identified sites in the Mediterranean, which is significantly more

than its relative size. Total investments required to reach the desirable environmental

conditions in the eastern Adriatic region are estimated to 1.76 billion €, out of which 853

million € are already being implemented or are underway and 910 million € is the

remaining funding gap. The remaining funding at the priority hotspot sites is estimated

to 404 million €.

Dr. Norbert elaborated on the sources of pollution and status of treatment in the Adriatic

countries:

(i) Albania: The priority pollution source in Albania is solid waste as there are no

sanitary landfills at the coast and the waste is being disposed in dumpsites close

to rivers and streams or near the sea.

(ii) Montenegro: The priority pollution source is untreated wastewater. There

have been improvements in the wastewater management infrastructure over

the last decade.

(iii) Croatian: The main identified source is solid waste. There are almost no

sanitary landfills at the coast and there are numerous dumping sites.

The Republic of Italy and the Republic of Slovenia as EU member states have to comply

with more stringent EU environmental regulation. Most of the required environmental

protection measures in these countries have already been implemented with national and

EU structural funds.




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Dr. Norbert also emphasized the following:

1. Economics of Waste

For securing economic stability and continuing development in less advanced regions, all

kinds of raw materials must be used efficiently today and for future generations.

However, in most economies, particularly in the new emerging markets (e.g. the BRICS

Countries, Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), these resources are already

today widely over-consumed. Free market mechanisms alone would inevitably result in

an overproduction of waste. Such environmental externalities constitute market failures,

as decisions to produce and consume do not include the cost of negative environmental

consequences connected with excess waste being produced. In the context of waste,

economic efficiency is achieved when the amount of waste generated and treated is

optimal i.e. the costs of reducing waste by one unit is equal to the economic and

environmental benefits of having one less unit of waste (“PARETO Optimum”).

Externalities are several environmental impacts associated with waste management –

greenhouse gases, air quality, water pollution, noise and land use change. While there

may be specific impact categories associated with particular waste types – for example,

hazardous wastes – the preponderance of waste-related environmental impacts relate to

greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.

Source: Waste Survey, Professor Philippe Chalmin, February 2011




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2. Waste Volumes World

Every year the world produces more than 4 billion metric tons of municipal and industrial

waste:

Municipal waste 1.7 to 1.9 billion

Industrial waste 1.2 to 1.7 billion

Hazardous industrial waste 0.5 billion

Other wastes include construction, mining, agricultural and forestry wastes.

If we include the many other categories of waste, the total is no doubt much higher

estimated at 3.4 to 4 billion (metric tons).

The richer an economy, the more waste is been produced:

High revenue developed countries: 1 billion people 1.4 kg / capita / day

Average revenue developing countries: 3 billion people 0.8 kg / capita / day

“Third World” 2.5 billion people 0.6 kg / capita / day1

Figure:1.9

From Waste to Resource, The World Waste Challenge, Professor Philippe Chalmin, February 2011




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3. Waste to Energy and Recycling Technologies

The technologies mentioned hereunder all produce energy. We don’t refer to pure

incineration or other means of reducing municipal solid waste that does not produce

energy. Also not included are Non-Thermal Technologies (Anaerobic Digestion, Landfill

Gas, or Hydrolysis and Mechanical Biological Treatment).

The technologies we reviewed are as follows:

I. Thermal Technologies

II. Direct Combustion (Mass Burn and RDF)

III. LTCC - Low Temperature Conversion

IV. Conventional Gasification

V. Plasma Arc Gasification

4. Estimated Costs of the technologies:

Ranges for Capital Costs for each of the Thermal Technologies assumes a 15 MW output

for a:

Direct Combustion (Mass Burn and RDF) ranges from $7,000 to $10,000 per kW.

Pyrolysis ranges from $8,000 to $11,500 per kW.

Conventional Gasification ranges from $7,500 to $11,000 per kW.

Plasma Arc Gasification ranges from $8,000 to $11,500 per kW

Costs vary from technology to technology due to each having unique design

characteristics, variations in equipment costs, site specific waste characteristics and site

space requirements. There are significant other factors that can negatively affect the costs

of construction.

5. Waste-To-Energy-Policy

Waste to Energy Policy remains central to renewable energy business case in much of

Europe, USA and Asian Countries and new rules designed to shift that support to a

market-based mechanism have raised some uncertainties. Nonetheless, new sources of

investment suggest Waste-To-Energy-Projects can still be financed.




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A “green” economy is characterised where economic benefits and growth is maximised,

and all natural resources are been sustainably managed. The waste economy is one of

many environmental sectors with policy actions contributing to the overall

macroeconomy, and to a transition to a green economy. Waste management is an

important sector that needs to be promoted. Business potentials in recycling industry

need to be explored by the entrepreneurs. Governments should come forward to provide

all kinds of incentives & supports to promote this sector. Tax incentives, interest subsidies

or interest free loans, technical consultancy services and marketing support for waste

recycling enterprises may be some of the measures that the Government may consider, so

that many more entrepreneurs would come forward as well as SMEs and Crafts would

diversify into waste-management/recycling sector.




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5. WASTE MANAGEMENT – CASE STUDY OF HUNGARY by Mr. IMRE

BICZO*

At the outset, Mr. Imre Biczo declared that Hungary has evolved its National Waste

Management Plan 2014 - 2020 and has contributed significantly at the policy level on the

basis of scientific justification. The goals of

NeKI are to support the knowledge based

governance in the fields of environmental

protection, nature conservation, based on the

principle of sustainable development, using

and integrated approach reinforcing the

linkages between disciplines.

Waste Management Plan of Hungary is based

on the collective experience of EU which aims

at Zero waste programme for Europe. Hungary

is raising awareness about the cooperation with

National Waste Management Agency with the

slogan:

“Let’s Clean Up Hungary!, Open day of

the waste operators

Lets Clean Up Hungary! Action efficiency shadowing study”

NeKI is involved in actual waste management tasks such as preparing background studies

e.g., practice of EU Member States’ national legislation on biodegradable demolition

waste, industrial waste and coordinating of the collection of professional opinions on

draft legislation.

* Imre Biczo, General Director, National Institute for Environment (NeKI) , Hungary.

Mr. Imre Biczo during the workshop.




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Steps in Waste Management

Figure:1.10

Figure:1.11




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Mr. Imre Biczo, also mentioned about various legislative programmes:

Aim for waste management

A Zero waste programme for Europe towards a circular economy (date: 02/07/2014)

Legislative proposal to review recycling and other waste – related targets in the EU:

Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council amending Directives

2008/98/EC on waste (Brusseles, 02/07/2014)

The aim of the proposal is to help turn Europe into a circular economy, boost

recycling, secure access to raw materials and create jobs and economic growth.

1. Preparing regulation on waste incineration

Transposition of 2010/75/EU Industrial Emissions Directive Chapter Iv. Ministerial

Decree on the Technical and Operational conditions of waste incineration and emission

limit values relating to waste incineration.

i) Structure of ministerial decree

Waste incineration plants and waste co – incineration plants

General rules of design and operation, specific rules of permission process, emission limit

values, operation conditions, specific rules of delivery and reception of waste, monitoring

and reporting of emissions.

ii) Specific condition of waste incineration permission

The heat generated during the incineration is recovered as far as practicable; the residues

will be minimized in their amount harmfulness and recycled where appropriate

The applications for permits have to be prepared by authorized expert only.

The permits include:

List of types of waste which may be treated

The total waste incinerating capacity

The limit values for emission into air and water

The requirements for the Ph, temperature and flow of waste water discharges

The sampling and measurement procedures and frequencies

The maximum permissible periods of any technically unavoidable stoppages or

failures of purification devices.




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2. Operation of GIS database on waste incineration plants and waste co

incineration plants

3. Possibilities of Cooperation

Environmental impact assessment studies – chapter of Waste Management, Air

protection, noise.

Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC) permission

Market research, reference point for partner search.

Mr. Imre Biczo was hopeful for complete waste management in 2020 and recovery of heat

and energy from waste as much as possible.




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6. “How the European Union supports Green Energy projects through

funding” by Mrs. Claudia Mularoni**

Mrs. Claudia Mularoni in her opening remarks lauded the role of SMEs in the economy

of European Union and elaborated as follows:

(i) Small and medium sized enterprises

(SMEs) were the economic backbone of

the European Union. More than 99% of

all European businesses are SMEs.

(ii) SMEs provided two out of three of the

private sector jobs and contribute to

more than half of the total value-added

created by businesses in the EU.

(iii) SMEs being primarily responsible for

wealth and economic growth, next to

their key role in innovation and R&D.

(iv) Nine out of ten SMEs are actually

micro enterprises with less than 10 employees. Hence, the mainstays of Europe's

economy are micro firms, each providing work for two persons, in average.

(v) Climate change, scarcity of energy supplies and sustainable development are key

challenges for SMEs, which have to adopt more sustainable production and

business models. The demand for environmentally friendly products and services

also opens the way for new business opportunities.

The Europe 2020 Strategy outlines the EU‟s priority to become a sustainable economy

and set ambitious objectives for climate action and energy efficiency.

1. EU Policy Actions

** Mrs. Claudia Mularoni, Chief Executive Officer of Pragmata Institute

Mrs. Claudia Mularoni during the workshop




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(i) Communication for a European Industrial Reinassance

On 22 January 2014, the Commission adopted a new Communication on Industrial

Policy “For a European Industrial Renaissance” COM (2014)14. The Communication sets

out the Commissions key priorities for industrial policy, it provides an overview of actions

already undertaken and puts forward a limited number of new actions to speed up the

attainment of these objectives.

(ii) A resource-efficient Europe – Flagship initiative of the Europe 2020

Strategy

The flagship initiative for a resource-efficient Europe under the Europe 2020 strategy

supports the shift towards a resource-efficient, low-carbon economy to achieve

sustainable growth. Natural resources underpin our economy and our quality of life.

(iii) The Small Business Act (SBA)

The Small Business Act for Europe (COM(2008) 394) adopted in June 2008, reflects

the Commission's political will to recognize the central role of SMEs in the EU economy

and for the first time puts into place a comprehensive SME policy framework for the EU

and its Member States. It aims to improve the overall approach to entrepreneurship,

permanently anchor the 'Think Small First' principle in policy making from regulation

to public service, and to promote SMEs' growth by helping them tackle the remaining

problems which hamper their development. The European Commission promotes the

growth of SMEs through the Small Business Act This framework includes an initiative to

raise SMEs‟ awareness of environmental and energy-related issues and to assist them in

implementing legislation, assessing their environmental and energy performance and

upgrading their skills and qualifications.

(iv) Green Action Plan for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs)

The Green Action Plan (GAP) adopted in July 2014, gives a clear direction and framework

for how the EU, in partnership with Member States and regions, intends to help SMEs

exploit the business opportunities that the transition to a green economy offers. It is a

significant milestone for involving the SMEs in not only in waste minimization and

management but also encouraging enterprise and opportunities in green business.




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The GAP proposes to exploit green opportunities, by improving productivity and driving

down costs in European SMEs through resource-efficiency, by supporting green

entrepreneurship and by exploiting and developing Europe's leadership in green

processes and technologies.

The Green Action Plan focuses on European level actions which are designed to fit in with,

and reinforce existing 'green' initiatives to support SMEs at national and regional levels.

It was drafted through consultation with, and will be implemented in cooperation with

actors in the Member States that are active in this area.

The Green Action Plan sets out a series of objectives and lists actions that will be

implemented at European level within the framework of the Multiannual Financial

Framework 2014-2020. All the actions are either new or revised versions of previous

actions that now take into account the potential for business of resource efficiency and

access to green markets.

GAP objectives are for SMEs:

Greening SMEs for more competitiveness and sustainability;

Green entrepreneurship for the companies of the future;

Opportunities for SMEs in a greener value chain;

Access to the markets for green SMEs;

Governance (bottom up policies to be implemented thoroughly).

2. EU Funding Programmes and Instruments:

Mrs. Mularoni elaborated on the funding programmes of EU, in order to achieve the

priorities set out in the green Action Plan. The EU will engage towards the following

specific objectives:

Greening SMEs

for more

competitiveness

1) Provide European SMEs with practical information,

advice and support on how to




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and sustainability

improve their resource efficiency in a cost-effective

manner;

2) Support efficient technology transfer mechanisms for

green technologies;

3) Facilitate the access to finance for resource- related

improvements and energy

efficiency in SMEs

Fostering Green

entrepreneurship

for the companies

of the future

1) Promote all forms of eco-innovation, including non-

technological eco-innovation

2) Facilitate business partnering, skills and knowledge for

green entrepreneurship

3) Exploit better the role of clusters in support of eco-

innovative SMEs

Provide

opportunities for

SMEs in a

greener value

chain

1) Address systemic barriers to cross-sectoral and cross-

national value chain

collaboration and business creation and cooperation, by

facilitating the creation of

service business models and the re-use of materials,

products and waste

Facilitate access

to the markets for

green SMEs

1) Promote a greener European internal market

2) Facilitate access to international markets for green

entrepreneurs

3) Facilitate the uptake of resource efficiency technology

in partner countries through

cooperation with European SMEs

Such objectives will be achieved through a specific set of Actions to be financed under the

following programmes and/or instruments.

3. Other Programmes of European Union:

a. Horizon 2020 Programme

Horizon 2020 is the biggest EU Research and Innovation programme ever with nearly

€80 billion of funding available over 7 years (2014 to 2020). This programme is divided

into several pillars5 and implements the Innovation Union, a Europe 2020 flagship

initiative, aimed at securing Europe's global competitiveness. Through a dedicated SME




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instrument, which offers seamless business innovation support under the section Societal

Challenges and the specific part Leadership in Enabling and Industrial Technologies

(LEITs, Horizon funds High-potential innovation and stimulates SME participation

across the whole programme, targeting all those SMEs which are showing a strong

ambition to develop, grow and internationalize, regardless of whether they are high-tech

and research-driven or non-research conducting, social or service companies.

Provided with about € 3 billion in funding over the period 2014-2020, the SME

Instrument helps high-potential SMEs to develop ground-breaking innovative ideas for

products, services or processes that are ready to face global market competition. The SME

Instrument consists of three separate phases and a coaching and mentoring service for

beneficiaries. Participants can apply to phase 1 with a view to applying to phase 2 at a later

date, or directly to phase 2.

In phase 1, a feasibility study shall be developed verifying the technological/practical as

well as economic viability of an innovation idea/concept with considerable novelty to the

industry sector in which it is presented (new products, processes, services and

technologies or new market applications of existing technologies).

Bottlenecks in the ability to increase profitability of the enterprise through innovation

shall be detected and analyzed during phase 1 and addressed during phase 2 to increase

the return in investment in innovation activities. The proposal should contain an initial

business plan based on the proposed idea/concept. Funding will be provided in the form

of a lump sum of EUR 50,000. The Proposals should last around 6 months.

In phase 2, innovation projects will be supported that address the specific challenges

identified and that demonstrate high potential in terms of company competitiveness and

growth underpinned by a strategic business plan. Activities should focus on innovation

activities such as demonstration, testing, prototyping, piloting, scaling- up,

miniaturization, design, market replication and the like aiming to bring an innovation

idea (product, process, service, etc.) to industrial readiness and maturity for market

introduction close to deployment and market introduction, but may also include some

research.

Proposals shall be based on an elaborated business plan either developed through phase

1 or another means. Particular attention must be paid to IP protection and ownership.

The Commission considers that proposals requesting a contribution from the EU of

between EUR 0.5 and 2.5 million would allow phase 2 to be addressed appropriately.




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Nonetheless, this does not preclude submission and selection of proposals requesting

other amounts. Proposals should last between 12 and 24 months. In addition, in phase 3,

SMEs can benefit from indirect support measures and services as well as access to the

financial facilities supported under Access to Risk Finance of this work program.

Successful beneficiaries will be offered coaching and mentoring support during phase 1

and phase 2. This service will be accessible via the Enterprise Europe Network and

delivered by a dedicated coach through consultation and signposting to the beneficiaries.

The single SME instrument call includes topics particularly relevant to innovation driven

SMEs seeking to commercialize eco-innovative products, services or processes, including

under Horizon 2020 Societal Challenges 2, 3, 4 and 5. Moreover Horizon 2020 funds

collaborative R&D actions that are of particular relevance to eco-innovation driven SMEs,

not least under its Societal Challenge "Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency

and Raw Materials", in terms of increasing resource efficiency through a systemic

approach towards eco-innovation and in the setting up of a circular economy.

The Horizon 2020 action „Cluster facilitated projects for new industrial value chains‟ to

be implemented as of 2015, is aimed at better unlocking the innovation potential of SMEs,

including the eco-innovative and resource- efficient solutions they offer. The action will

support cross-sectoral and cross-regional collaboration and innovation projects driven by

SMEs by better integrating them into clusters and different value chains.

b. Erasmus +

The Erasmus Plus Programme aims to boost skills and employability, as well as

modernizing Education, Training, and Youth work. The seven year programme will have

a budget of €14.7 billion.

In order to foster higher education and enterprise cooperation to trigger innovative

solutions and entrepreneurship, and to support Vocational Education and Training to

tackle sector specific skills gaps on environmental technologies and eco- innovation, key

action ‘Cooperation for innovation and good practices' supports: supports the

establishment of:

i) Knowledge Alliances, and

ii) The establishment of Sector Skills Alliances.




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i) Knowledge Alliances are transnational, structured and result-driven projects

between higher education institutions and public or private, small, medium or large

enterprises for:

4. Jointly designed and delivered innovative learning and teaching methods

5. Introducing entrepreneurship knowledge, skills and motivation in order to trigger

students, enterprise and academic staff to engage in entrepreneurial activities in

their environment

6. Cross-sectoral and reciprocal mobility for continuing educational programmes,

supervision, teaching and activities with and within companies.

The programme is open to any discipline, including the field of the green economy.

Selected Knowledge Alliances are funded with EUR 700,000 (for a 2-year project) or up

to EUR 1,000,000 (for a 3-year project) following yearly calls for proposals. Some 150

Knowledge Alliances between 1500 higher education institutions and enterprises are

expected to be built by 2020.

ii) Sector Skills Alliances are transnational projects drawing on evidence of

trends in a specific economic sector and the skills needed in order to perform in one

or more professional field.

They support the design and delivery of joint vocational training curricula. Selected

Sector Skills Alliances are funded with a grant ranging from EUR 700,000 (for a 2-

year project) or up to EUR 1,000,000 (for a 3-year project) following yearly calls for

proposals. One of the sectors which are eligible under this action is "environmental

technologies" (eco-innovation). Public or private, small, medium or large

enterprises (including social enterprises) are eligible participating organizations for

the Sector Skills Alliances. Up to 150 Sector Skills Alliances are expected to be set up

by 2020.

c. COSME

COSME is the EU programme for the Competitiveness of Enterprises and Small and

Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) running from 2014 to 2020. With a planned budget of

€2.3bn, the financial instruments under COSME will specifically support SMEs to

internationalize, by promoting their cross border development.




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d. LIFE

LIFE is the EU's financial instrument supporting environmental, nature conservation and

climate action projects throughout the EU. With an overall budget for the next funding

period, 2014–2020, of €3.4 billion the Life programme also supports initiatives to

facilitate business partnering, and skills and knowledge for green entrepreneurship.

It prioritizes projects implementing:

i) New business models for resource efficiency and energy efficiency, including

establishing resource efficiency practices in SMEs, focusing on the environmental impact,

durability, reuse, repair and recycling of their products and processes – including sharing

or leasing of products rather than selling them. This should involve one of the industrial

sectors considered as a priority

in the Roadmap for a Resource Efficient Europe, and the new business model should

result in a reduction in material use and/or energy and water use.

ii) The circular economy concept though actions spanning the value chain or ensuring the

use of secondary resources/scrap material/waste in other industries or value chains,

including eco-design, cascading use of materials, repair, remanufacture, reuse, recycling,

new circular business concepts, innovative take-back and collection systems, and

industrial symbiosis-related projects.

Mrs. Claudia Mularoni concluded by remarking that European Union is committed for

development of enterprise and Green SMEs.

7. Case Study of China by Ms. Rongyong Yang

Ms. Rongyong Yang, WUSME member of the Board and President of Shanghai High Victory Fine Chemical Co., Ltd, China




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Ms. Rongyong Yang elaborated that thirty years ago, China opened its door to the world.

From then on, Chinese economics changed from

Planned Economy to Market Economy step by step.

During the past 30 years, Chinese people were

enthusiastic about creating their economic future, and

made great contributions to the manufactures

worldwide. “World Factory” is a dramatic name to

describe how China developed.

However, China also consumed and overused a lot of

the natural resources. Even more, China had to face

mountains of industrial waste. According to her,

pollution is a big threat to China, and will challenge

the ability of the Chinese government and Chinese

people. Chinese government is trying to improve

condition of air with several aspects before it gets worse.

Meanwhile, people are also paying more attention to

environmental protection.

1. From the regulation point of view, the Chinese government promulgated the new

“Environment Protection Law” to protect environment more stringently. The new

"environmental protection law", clearly defined, states that environmental planning

should fit with city planning, and land development. Environmental protection

departments should take a long-term view, to become more involved in the national

and local planning system. Environmental protection departments should strengthen

environmental supervision, to disclose more environmental information and garner

public participation. This helps environmental economic policy in accelerating the

necessary legislation and system construction.

2. China is changing its development focus from resource-draining to energy efficient

technology development. According to the information from Chinese Government, by

the end of 2020, industries such as energy saving and environmental protection,

information technology, biotechnology, high-end equipment manufacturing industry,

new energy, new materials, and new energy automobile industry will become the

leaders in the national economy. During the Chinese "Twelfth Five Year Plan" period,

China will eliminate processes that create high energy consumption, and high

pollution emissions, including serious excess capacity of copper smelting, smelting of

Ms. Rongyong Yang during the workshop




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lead, zinc smelting, tanning, printing and dyeing, chemical fiber, lead storage battery

industry.

3. China plans to turn garbage disposal services into a method of producing energy. The

waste incineration to energy generation technology will both benefit environmental

protection and power generation. Due to the effect of waste volume reduction, the

harmful components in the garbage are completely decomposed during high

temperature combustion. Waste incineration with high temperature is used for

heating or power generation. It will become the most effective way of recycling

disposal. We expect that the waste incineration disposal volume will reach 30% of the

total in 2020, and the new daily processing capacity of 131,000 tons of garbage

incineration equipment will have been built at that time.

She complimented WUSME and acknowledged that it was a great platform for small and

mid-sized enterprises development worldwide. As a member of this organization, China

would assume the responsibility of sustainable development. Chinese companies would

be very happy to join the WUSME program of “Waste to Energy”, and wished to have

more opportunities to increase their international cooperation to reduce pollution and

conserve resources.

8. Waste Problem- A Case study of India by Mr. Arun Agarwal

Mr. Arun Agarwal, WUSME Member of the Commission on Financial Issue.




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Mr. Arun Agarwal also elaborated in the same context/ direction as by Dr. J S Juneja

about the current scenario of waste and its management in India. Every year, about 55

million tonnes of municipal solid waste and 38 billion litres

of sewage are generated in the urban areas of India. In

addition, large quantities of solid and liquid wastes are

generated by industries. Waste generation in India is

expected to increase rapidly in the future. As more people

migrate to urban areas and as incomes increase,

consumption levels are likely to rise, as would rates of waste

generation. It is estimated that the amount of waste

generated in India will increase at a per capita rate of

approximately 1-1.33% annually. This has significant

impacts on the amount of land that is and will be needed for

disposal, economic costs of collecting and transporting

waste, and the environmental consequences of increased

municipal solid waste generation levels.

i. Why Waste to Energy is Important?

Most wastes that are generated, find their way into land

and water bodies without proper treatment, causing severe water pollution. They also

emit greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide, and add to air pollution. Any

organic waste from urban and rural areas and industries is a resource due to its ability to

get degraded, resulting in energy generation.

ii. India -Waste to Energy Potential

According to the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India

there exist a potential of about 1700 MW from urban waste (1500 from MSW and 225

MW from sewage) and about 1300 MW from industrial waste. The Ministry is also actively

promoting the generation of energy from waste, by providing subsidies and incentives for

the projects. The Government owned Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency

(IREDA) estimates indicate that India has so far realized only about 2% of its waste-to-

energy potential. A recent market study predicts that the Indian municipal solid waste to

energy market could be growing at a compound annual growth rate of 9.7% every year.

iii Technologies for the Generation of Energy from Waste

Mr. Arun Agarwal, during the workshop




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Energy is being recovered from the organic fraction of waste (biodegradable as well as

non-biodegradable) through thermal, thermo-chemical, biochemical and

electrochemical methods.

iii. Indian Government Support for Waste to Energy

The Indian Government has recognized waste to energy as a renewable technology and

supports it through various subsidies and incentives. The Ministry of New and Renewable

Energy is actively promoting all the technology options available for energy recovery from

urban and industrial wastes. MNRE is also promoting the research on waste to energy by

providing financial support for R&D projects on cost sharing basis in accordance with the

R&D Policy of the MNRE. In addition to that, the Ministry also provides financial support

for projects involving applied R&D and studies on resource assessment, technology up-

gradation and performance evaluation.

He concluded that a number of key statistics, such as the value of recyclables, the amount

of environmental pollution from waste sources, and the quantity of industrial waste

generated, need to be computed to gain a better understanding of this sector. A proper

research related to more realistic statistics relating to generation of different kinds of

wastes and their conversion to energy with detailed analysis of costs and available funding

is needed to be conducted. He also estimated that as of now there would be more than

100-125 SMEs who are involved in the waste to energy sector in India. With the new

Government in India focusing its attention on generation of clean energy via renewable

energy sources and sanitation, this number is expected to increase rapidly over the next

5 years and the sector is providing excellent opportunities for investment and technology

transfer by foreign waste management companies, especially from Europe. While

referring to Ganga2 River cleaning campaign launched by the Government of India, he

also acknowledged about German Deputy Consul General Michael Ott, who stated that

apart from other sectors, Germany would like to assist the Indian Government in cleaning

up the Ganges, which is an ambitious project of the new government. Mr. Ott further said

that Germany is also keen on investing in waste water and sewage treatment as well as

renewable power sectors, apart from education and healthcare. Similarly, the President

of the World Bank, Dr Jim Yong during his recent visit to India, has also assured India of

the Bank’s support in cleaning up the Ganges River and treatment of the waste so

discharged.

2 Ganga River is a Holy river as per Hindu Religious belief and contributes significantly for economic well being of the population and SMEs in Waste Management.




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9. Ecoarea, Better Living – A Case Study of Rimini, Italy by Mr. Romano

Ugolini

Mr. Romano Ugolini emphasized that as a scientific and feasible response to energy

problems on local and global scale, the Green Economy was not an utopian development

model anymore. It has turned into a real factor in which humans, enterprises and nations

work every day to result major economic benefits,

respecting parameters of environmental

protection. Renewable energies, sustainable

mobility, optimized water resources, non polluting

treatments of waste, care of the territories

and designing of low environmental impact

buildings (just like Ecoarea) were only some pieces

of this new socioeconomic mosaic. He made

elaborate presentation of smart and green

structures.

Eco area was founded in order to connect demand

and supply of a new sector, the Green Economy.

This newly established sector, has the potential to

become the backbone of a new economy, that is not

based on wasting resources, but on their more

intelligent and sustainable pursuit. Today the

regulations made for environment protection have

become an important stimulus for re-innovation. Citizens and consumers have a growing

interest to get up-to date information on these processes, particularly in terms of

convenience and saving. This information function, especially in the field of eco-

innovation, is required for professionals like architects, industrial designers, urban

planners and energy managers to name but a few. In Ecoarea, professionals get to know

and experience the advantages and technologies of the innovative products of the

exhibiting companies. Entrepreneurs, academics, professionals and supporters of

sustainable development find in Ecoarea the right atmosphere and platform for

exchanging information and doing business; not only for themselves, but for the

environment and mankind. Experiencing directly what is really green as well as changing

our lives in better living, is integral part of Ecoarea's mission.

Mr. Romano Ugolini, CEO, Ecoarea, Better Living , Rimini, Italy

Mr. Romano Ugolini, during the workshop




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Ecoarea is a concrete example of SMART building: a multipurpose building that

incorporates energy efficiency, materials with low environmental impact and domotics

automation technology, in order to make it "smarter" than conventional buildings. Being

finalist in the categories Structural Design of the Year and Future Project of the Year at

the 2011 edition of the prestigious World Architectural Festival in Barcelona, Ecoarea is

the best expression of eco-efficiency. The top classification A is the result of a great

conceptual and planned work. The internal architectural element that links the four levels

(the Expolab, the technological basement of the building, with the Suspended Garden, a

roof covered with turf which houses a photovoltaic system and solar panels) is called the

strip, and it forms the backbone of the entire tour route of Ecoarea. It is an ideal strip

of biotrass (or TRASSO, natural product of volcanic origin) already known to the

architects of ancient Rome. TRASSO, wood and glass, make up 90% of the building that,

for this and other features of isolation and performance, is certified in energy class A. The

building has been thought as a hybrid structure, where the traditional "mortar and brick"




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method has been integrated with a "dry" technology of structural wood. The

building needs very little energy and it is provided by renewable energies like photovoltaic

at 20 kw pick. Although, Ecoarea does not need much water, there is a system for

the complete utilization of rain water which is used for gardening and domestic use. All

the rooms overlook a central void, where the lowest point is placed in the auditorium,

with a sliding glass roof above. The latter, in addition to being element of visual

continuity, works as a natural vertical ventilation chimney. Ecoarea is also equipped with

home automation devices and car parks illuminated by LEDs that recharge the light of

the sun.

He also introduced the case of Bio Max, an anaerobic digestion plant (non thermal

technology) able to convert agricultural wastes into clean BIOGAS. Despite its "zero CO2

emission" and other assurances by the project creator, the inhabitants do not trust it in

terms of pollution and sustainability. He related sustainability with energy efficiency

through Eco area for better living – a futuristic green building technology.




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10. Zhongguancun Federation of Social Organization by Mr. Jian Dai

Mr. Jian Dai in his presentation informed that

Zhongguancun was the first high-tech park and the

first national innovation demonstration zone in

China. Zhongguancun has become a high-end

industry functional zone in Beijing. Zhongguancun

Federation of Social Organization (FSO) plays an

important part as “the vital point social organization”

in Zhongguancun, founded by Chambers of

Commerce and Associations in 2003, aiming to

integrate resources, enhance exchange and

cooperation between domestic and overseas

organizations and promote development of

organizations.

It has ten thousands branch member enterprises included from the large-scale well-

known to the middle & small-sized enterprises in the field of the advanced technology

including IT, the bioengineering, and the new medicine & pharmacology, and the

intermediary service agency including incubator, electronic products trade, and so on.

They are the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation. He appreciated the workshop and

was much honored to discuss guiding principles for future cooperation with WUSME by

sharing developmental experience, exploit technical markets and probe collaborative

model.

The members of the Zhongguancun Federation of Social Organization includes a wide

range, where the Industrial Organization is at 25 %, the comprehensive association 22 %,

the S&T intermediary 17 %, the Venture 13 %, the Talents 12 %, and the Financial 11%. It

also helps their partner to exchange, dialogue or interact with each other and to express

their concerns relating to their interest. They also promote cooperative project.

Zhongguancun Federation of Social Organization acts an irreplaceable role in Science

Park, which is the necessary builder for entrepreneurial environment, the organizer for

industrial development and the remarkable cooperator for enterprise innovation and

development and is supported by Beijing Municipal Government. The organization also

pioneer in waste management and various other practices for waste management.

Mr. Jian Dai, Secretary-General of Zhongguancun Federation of Social Organization

Mr. Jian Dai, during the workshop




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Mr.Jian Dai stated that he would welcome partners for collaboration with Zhongguancun

Park.

11. Preparing Action Plan for Cameroon by Mr. Leon Ayana Ndzè

Mr. Leon Ayana Ndzè informed that the Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprises,

Social Economy and Handicraft of Cameroon was

established in 2004 by Presidential Decrees. The

Ministry is responsible for the development,

implementation and evaluation of public policy for the

development and supervision of small and medium

enterprises and artisans.

The vision of Cameroon in 2035 in the field of Small and

Medium Enterprises is formulated as follows: "SMEs

make the engine of growth and job creation.” The

strategy chosen to achieve the objective of the program

aims to promote private initiative and improve the

business environment for SMEs in Cameroon.

The promotion of SME sector in Cameroon is regulated

by law(decree 2010/001 of 13 April 2004).It also includes

mechanisms/ incentives related to the development of

the business climate in Cameroon. These are:

- Formalities Centre for Enterprise Creation (CFCE):

helps create a company in 72

hours.

- Management Centers Approved (CGA): provides assistance to the management and

fiscal security for members.

- E-Regulations project: provides comprehensive and detailed information on

administrative procedures making them transparent to investors.

- The Exchange subcontracting and Partnership (SPX) resource center: allows

identification and evaluation of companies based on their technical capabilities. Since

its inception, 165 companies have already joined.

Mr. Leon Ayana Ndzè, Ministry of Small and Medium Enterprises, Social economy and Handicraft of Cameroon.

Mr. Leon Ayana Ndz’e, during the workshop




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- Cameroonian Bank Small and Medium Enterprises (SME-BC): specializes in financing

small and medium enterprises and handicrafts. To achieve its missions, BC - SME has

two funding windows i.e., A window for financing Small and Medium Enterprises and

the counter B for funding Crafts.

- The Agency for Promotion of Small and Medium Enterprises (APME): responsible, in

conjunction with governments and public and private bodies in assistance, coaching,

facilitation of formalities of entrepreneurship and counseling with ideas and projects.

The second component focuses on capacity building, the establishment of a data bank

and the promotion of technological innovation. The third is the establishment of an

Observatory for SMEs, the incubation of start-up and companion (in partnership with

large companies), etc.

Added to this is a biennial platform for exchanges and discussions biennial called

"National Days of SMEs" held in Cameroon's economic capital Douala.

Environmental Protection in Cameroon

In Cameroon, there is a department in charge of environment and protection of nature.

It is a well structured sector with stringent legislation in the matière. Le Cameroon is

Africa in miniature because of vegetation and climates that are found in the African

continent. It focuses protection of fauna and flora. There is also Department of Wildlife.

The non-governmental and inter-governmental organizational structures complement

the Government efforts for the sustainable management of environment. Many SMEs are

engaged in environmental activities. Cameroon has a company that manages garbage

collection across the country.

Hence, Cameroon Government is extending help for waste management and recycling

and the contributions by SMEs towards the same are also laudable.




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12. A Case study of Cameroon by Mrs. Angeline Henzen

Mrs. Angeline Henzen stated that she felt proud to be associated with WUSME. She

added that mandate given to her was to promote, initiate, implement and coordinate

activities of WUSME in Cameroon which has led to the establishment of a set of activities.

Mrs.Henzen informed that WUSME was being actively

promoted in Cameroon.It would participate wherever

forums on SMEs and crafts were held. In the second half

of 2013, in the Convention Center of Yaoundé, an

informative workshop was held which brought together

both public and private actors. This meeting had a great

success. In the year 2014, several activities, such as

meetings with leaders of employers' groups,SMEs and

development partners, among other things, have been

conducted to raise awareness.

She acknowledged the presence in the delegation of

WUSME CAMEROON of the representative of the

Minister of Cameroon in charge of SME, Social

Economy and Handicrafts.She informed that the

Government of Cameroon has launched a series of

measures and incentives after the adoption of the law on

the promotion of SMEs in 2007.It deals with the

improvement of the business climate by establishing,

since 2010, Centers of formalization and creation of enterprises, and the implementing a

"E.REGULATION" program with UNDP in 2013. This program allows a speedy creation

of companies in 72 hours in their country.

The other measure,according to her included approval of management centers to support

fiscal framework of SMEs. The Investment Charter in force since April 2013 is the central

element to encourage foreign investment. The biennial forum for SMEs held nationwide

as the National Day of SMEs.Beside these the other major nationwide measures

functional. included, among others, the CAPAM (Support Framework for the

Mrs. Angeline Henzen, In charge of SME, Ministry of Cameroon.

Mrs. Angeline Henzen , during the workshop




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Promotion of Crafts Mining), API (Investment Promotion Agency), the SMEs bank

(opened since 2014).

In the field of Handicrafts, Cameroon provides each of its ten regions with guidance and

training in Crafts in one place structures.These places showcase handicrafts for sale. In

the same area, an international group hosts, every two years, Artisans from the world;

this year holding the fourth edition of the International Exhibition of Crafts of Cameroon.

The highlight of the policy mandate is that it is consistant towards all the Public

Institutions, governmental organizations, non-governmental and development partners.

They meet the prerequisites necessary for the submission of the requests and pass the

required preliminary investigations of morality prescribed by competent authority of

country.Mrs.Henzen informed that the transverse component of the Ministy for SMEs, in

view of its activities, highlights a range of actors from different backgrounds.She stated

that pending the outcome of the administrative process of the recognition of WUSME

being evaluated from the political or diplomatic strategic angles,this was a good reason

justifying the existence of WUSME under the legal form of lawin Cameroon.

Mrs.Henzen informed that she felt encouraged to see the evolution of their activities and

the presence of the Representative of the Government which showed that their work was

appreciated and has a positive impact. With these activities and concrete actions it was

imminent that the action plan was going to be implemented immediately. Their mission

was thus inspiring and would be made real.

13. “World leading waste to energy solutions - Complete Solution” by




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Mr. Helmut Konig

Mr. Koenig described early initiatives in Germany for conversion of waste into energy. He

elaborated the work done his company Avis Global Energy in this area. According to him

the early initiative comprised of a pilot plant – first of its kind constructed at Fürth,

Germany by Siemens which was fully operational as a prototype waste conversion plant

to produce bio energy. The plant operated on a hot thermal conversion system however it

was subsequently closed due to the environmental technology concerns raised by the

waste lobby groups in Germany. Siemens elected not to deal with the German lobby

groups and preferred instead to close and sell the facility.

Later on a leading Engineering team of Germany created a new technology replacing the

hot thermal system with a revolutionary cold conversion system, thus eliminating the

concerns of the German government and the Lobby groups. This new technology has

earned global acclaim and has been patented worldwide.

The new, environmental friendly technology converts all existing wastes and organic

materials into high grade bio-oil, fertilizer and by-products, while also extracting all

minerals, ferrous, non ferrous metals and polluted water into usable consumer products;

all achieved with zero emissions or residues, without any odor and landfill use. The waste

conversion plant technology generates Methanol for an unlimited supply for power fuel

cells, to produce electricity and water.

In 2007 while Avis Energy was searching for unique alternate energy production

opportunities they researched the German patented technology and realized the global

potential for this new waste disposal system. Each Avis Energy Conversion plant costs

about 200Million Euros to build and, in turn, it generates on average between 30 and 50

million Euros, net profit after all costs. The total investment cost of each plant is also

amortized and fully paid back in less than ten years.

There has already been such a market demand that the AVIS team has closed contracts in

2008 and 2014, every week with municipal governments and their waste contractors

(joint Venture Contract). In fact, as of this time Avis Energy has negotiated to build more

than 100 plants, including 10 in Brazil.

Mr.Helmut Konig,Director,Avis Global Energy,Canada




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The highly sophisticated AVIS Energy Plant

Figure: 1.12

At the end of 2013, the AVIS Energy Team transferred the entire project to Canada and

now with the new extended Team and partners, Avis Energy can deliver about 20

prefabricated waste conversion plants every year at industrial scale size.

The Avis business model calls for each JV contractor to provide the waste infrastructure

and the land, and they must become a shareholder in AVIS Energy. The JV partner retains

a 20% ownership of the newly structured firm, while Avis Energy maintains the 80%

balance controlling position. The plants will be financed by Medium Term Loan Program

with a Credit contract structured between the Bond issuer and the Plant host firm. The

Bonds are issued against first class insurance, first class zero coupons and collateral

basket. Due to serious illness of the German leader of the engineering team, the AVIS

team entered into collaboration with a leading Canada engineering team and German

machinery corporation.




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Figure: 1.13

In 2014 AVIS Energy will reverse- merger with a Multi International Engineering

Corporation, to guarantee the development of the BML Plants worldwide. The

Corporation has currently strength of 3000 employees, enlarged to 8000 for the delivery

of 20 BML plants every year.

AVIS Energy plant is world leading waste to energy solution which cleans energy from

waste by converting waste to recycled products and other useful substances. Now, it is a

tried and well accepted technology. Although, initial investment is heavy particularly for

the developing countries but it is worth it.

He emphasized that WUSME could play a facilitating role as it has a powerful strategic

member chain.




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14. Generating Electric energy from Organic and Plastic Waste by Ms. Marta

Laczko

Ms. Marta Laczko stressed that waste management was a serious problem in most of Europe and in Hungary as well. Due to the development of societies and technologies, the amount of municipal waste per capita was increasing. Therefore the legislators of the EU must put more emphasis than ever on controlling waste disposal and on keeping deadlines in each member state. A number of regulations and deadlines have been made in order to abolish anachronistic landfills and to control the amount of waste held in modern landfills however on long term, landfills cannot serve as a long lasting solution.

On the one hand with the present amount of

waste they will get filled up very fast. On the

other hand municipal waste contains a lot of

recyclable materials such as: paper, glass, metal, and a large amount of plastic based

organic materials. With recycling of paper, glass and metal waste we have an easy job,

because there are already sufficient solutions existing. In the case of plastic and other

waste the situation is not as simple.

Plastic waste gets to the landfills where its degradation begins only after decades, causing

earth pollution and air contamination, thus polluting the environment and poisoning

animals, water, land and air. It was thus obvious that placing municipal waste in landfills

did not offer a long-term solution. Waste management have to be reconsidered, the

amount of waste has to be reduced, and the selection of recyclable waste have to be

emphasized. Instead of the incineration of organic waste and slow degradation, new

disposal technologies must be developed.

One of the leading waste recycling technologies is thermo-catalytic. It is possible to

process waste in an anaerobic environment, unlike waste incinerators. In the thermo-

catalytic process plastic waste would go through a hermetically closed system, therefore

Ms. Marta Laczko, Director, Intect Energy Ltd.

Ms. Marta Laczko during the workshop




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no harmful gases would be emitted. By using this technology the difficulties regarding the

continuous problems generated by the disposal of plastic waste disappear.

The thermo-catalytic system designed by the inventor/producer has been created in a way

that the whole process, from input to output, is performed automatically without any

problems; therefore the possibility of shutdowns can be reduced to a minimum. The

process can be easily monitored and controlled with the help of an electronic controlling

device, which plans and controls the previously given heat parameters in each phase.

Naturally, a hi-tech automatic safety stopping mechanism has also been developed for the

plant. This technology serves two purposes: it helps dispose organic waste that has been

appearing in large amounts all over the world and creates „clean” and cheap electric

energy via the waste utilizing unit in order to supply the nearby communities with

electricity.

The power plant

Plastic and rubber are special types of waste which are actually indestructible. Getting rid

of these materials by incineration is not the right solution since it pollutes the

environment, especially by free carbon particles (dense smoke) and the toxic materials

connected to them. Rubber waste has been utilized in the form of ground rubber or by

incineration in cement factories until now. By the thermo-catalytic processing of rubber

and plastic the following products will arise:

oil

gas

soot/slag

Steel waste (only in case of tires).

Oil may be utilized in internal combustion engines by which generators can be driven.

Therefore, they will be able to produce electric energy.

Plasma Gasification - Technology

Plasma gasification based technology utilizes plasma that is considered to be the 4th state

next to solid, liquid and gaseous states. High temperatures between 4000ºC do 6000ºC

with the possibility of increasing the temperature up to 16000ºC are created in a special

device called reactor via plasma/plasma reactor. The inside of the reactor is lined with a

special ceramic material developed and used by the NASA to protect spaceships. Material

inputs are immediately gasified due to the high temperature and become liquid under

pressure in oxygen-free environment in the reactor.

Common materials processed by gasification such as Municipal waste, Industrial waste,

Medical/Hospital waste, Renewable resources such as wooden chips, Materials that are




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outputs of agricultural activities, Second-rate fuels, Coal + water, Sewage, Used tires,

Used oil, Waste from slaughterhouses, Hazardous waste such as PCB materials and so on.

Figure: 1.14

The benefits of the related region from plasma gasification technology are the following:

1. The technology involves the potential of new jobs for the region.

2. Waste from households or from existing landfills including used tires is processed by

this method of waste disposal.

3. It offers the possibility of producing cheap electric power, heat, cold or fuel.

This technology developed by NASA is nowadays considered the best environmental

method of waste disposal connected with the production of energy media. It is utilized in

United States, Great Britain, and India or in Italy for example. Municipal waste will be

delivered to the place of operation by the existing method of specialized companies

dealing with waste transport. There is also possibility of waste import from neighboring

countries to be processed at the premises. The implementation of the technology would

bring the most effective way of waste disposal respecting the surrounding environment.

The generated electricity would contribute to the balanced power system.




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15. Humic Acids, humus and humic substances by Dr. Rafael Pizarro

Dr. Raffel Pizarro discussed about the harsh impact of humic acids and their substances.

Humic substances are without a doubt one of the most important compounds for life on

earth. Humic acid is the principal constituent of all humic substance which are major

organic constituents of soil, coal, dystrophic lake, ocean water etc.

Humic substances are formed by the microbial degradation of dead plant matter.

According to present knowledge, the necessary condition for development of humic acids:

many thousand of year, anaerobic conditions in a ground of a shallow water sea,

continental climate with long frost period in winters, and frequent frozen ground to

destroy the living cells of soil bacteriums by needle ice formation in their mezoplasm.

In living cells there is a state of equilibrium among and acting against enzymes, but after

freeing from the cell they can independently play their chemical roles to build big humic

acid compounds from the smaller molecules existing in the decay mass. The enzymes get

free from the restriction of the living cell equlibria can take their chemical activity already

without any control. This is the reason of the enormous diverseness of humic materials.

The effect of natural humic acids on human health

Humic acids are natural substances resulting from biological and chemical decomposítion

and the production activity of soil bacteriums. The main source is the peat of not higher

age of fifty years. The longer time is disadvantageous for veterinary and human use. The

reason is: increasing risk of the appearance of cancerogenic and/or mutagenic molecules.

The humic acids contains aromatic di-, tri- and tetra-acids which link between the

aromatic cores provide sugars, peptides, aliphatic compounds. Mostly carboxylic,

quinone, semiquinon, hydroxyl, ethers, esters and amide groumps are present. Humic

acids are large moleculs, having a molecular weight even over100-thousend Dalton (weigt

of a proton). The high content of humic acids in the mud has well known impotance in

balneology, treating diseases as inflammation of organs, in gastrointestinal disorders,

diabetes, cancer, infectious diseases, anemia etc.

Dr. Rafael Pizarro, Lord Miedrich & Partners Ltd., U.K.




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Humic acids have strong absorption capacity for other toxic substances, bind dioxins,

some pesticides, fungal toxins and some carcinogens and mutagens. Humic acids strongly

suppot the immune system by preventing the degradation of immune cells. Prevent the

formation of gastric and duodenal ulcer after Helicobacter pylori indection, so reduce

potential for cancerogenesis int he stomach and duodenum, act in prevention against

aspirin induced gastric ulcers.

Important feature of humic arcid is a very strong antioxidant activity. They are able to

neutralize free radicals, decrease cholesterol, triglycerides, support the beneficial

probiotic microorganisms. It forces the body to convert more cholesterol to bile acids.




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16. WUSME & UNESCO Initiatives by Dr. Robert Holz

In this world of increasing chaos, which by some odds, falls under the Middle Ages, if

not to the Stone Age. In any case,we can see the consolation of technology, that has never

been so all-powerful and the ability of certain sections of humanity able, fortunately, to

add to the contrary, the permanent elements of progress.In this setting, what about

SMEs, the infantrymen without grades who can hardly progress in a such hostile

universe.

It belongs to World Union to illuminate new ways devised for its present

development, and the perspective for the near or more distant future. The proposals are

various and he mentioned hereinafter, some examples.

1. Europe

In response to criticism of any kind, whom the European Union, rightly or wrongly,

objects,want to select actions that have been basis for progress.

a) The Ombudsman

Faced with several complaints, in one area or the other, the Commission decided to

establish an Ombudsman responsible to receive and if possible, to find the best solution,

in conjunction with the Community Administration concerned.

This person is Ms. Emily O'Reilly.

2. Our potential role in the investment aid granted from the USA to Africa for

$ 14 billion dollars.

Indeed, to refer to a previous allocation, last year, made by China for some 50 billion

dollars, not a gift, but very long-term loan (50 years, to be verified) at very low interest

rates (close to 0, to verify) also for infrastructure and public investment.

The goal was to show that the action of China in Africa was not limited to collect raw

materials, but also to provide funding to assist the continent in its efforts to develop

Dr. Robert Holz, WUSME Vice President & Representative to UNESCO in Paris for SMEs (France – Europe), France




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infrastructure and modernization together. 50 Heads of State were invited, in this

connection, to Beijing by the Chinese Government.

despite efforts to make contact with the Chinese Government, through its Embassy in

Paris, had unfortunately not been successful.

3. The negotiations on the Free Trade Treaty between America and Europe

The Treaty, which should significantly increase trade between America (USA, Canada,

Mexico) and the European Union, is progressing slowly. As always there are "apples of

discord" that hinder the development of the Final Agreement. Anyway, we must make

sure SMEs are not forgotten.

Whatever are the tools that will allow to customize its own characteristics, there is a

provision which has already given proofs in the three nations of USA, United Kingdom

and the Netherlands.

This is TASBI (Transatlantic Small Business Initiative) a variation of the broader

agreement entitled TABD (Transatlantic Business Dialogue).

The main idea that drives these initiatives is to grant, in a privileged way, the

public subsidies existing, in partner Nations, to enterprises ready to perform

any kind of cooperation with enterprises located in either side of the

Atlantic.

The three countries, USA, United Kingdom and the Netherlands, have already been

widely using, while the other 25 EU member countries have practically paid no attention.

4. Strengthening interventions to achieve (or take steps needed to present)

the candidacy of our Union for International Organizations

So, having obtained the position of Consultative member of the "Economic and Social

Committee of the United Nations" (ECOSOC), we must continue to find the same position

with other International Organizations, whose purpose is directly or indirectly linked to

our Union, namely:

- UNIDO




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Relations with the organization in Vienna (Austria) are already active.

We should transform these relations into a state of real Consultative Member

of the above agency.

Dr. Knoll von Dornhoff is in the best position to perform the steps in this direction.

- UNESCO

He himself conducted the

preliminary stages of the presentation of WUSME Union to obtain the Consultative

status to the above agency. It is now up to the higher authorities of Union to

make the official interventions necessary to transform the attemps into

reality with the Agency.

- OECD

From the positions with the agencies mentioned above, a request for Observer status3

could be made that would allow our Union to participate in the Organization in

deliberatious having SMEs concerns.

- The European Union

Finally, WUSME must have official status with the EU.

In this regard, it would be convenient, maybe through ESBA, to see if a link could be

established with "EUROPME", which I have contributed to create with the WUSME

German Delegation in 1980. It should be relatively easy, therefore, to approach its current

Secretary-General to include our Union.

5. Morocco, close to join WUSME and increase the cooperation between local

SMEs and European and global SMEs.

The Moroccan economy increasingly appears to open outward and the Government

strives to integrate local SMEs as much as possible.An organization, among others, named

“Convention France – North Africa” with its dynamic President Mr. Mohamed El

Ouadhoudi is responsible for dealing with it.Following his efforts since many

years, Mr. Robert Holz invited him to come to San Marino, to attend our

3 As the OECD organization in which only States are members, private organizations can rely on a formal co-operation with the latter only through “Observer status member”.




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meeting and present to the plenary assembly his organization and its

program.

Unfortunately, the preparation of his own annual conference in late September requires

his presence in Casablanca and prevented him from coming. So, he asked me to express,

in his place, his desire to become a Member Organization of WUSME and also

establish in its premises, if the Board of Directors of WUSME found it useful, a local

branch as in case in Gabon and Senegal, to pursue, locally, an active cooperation in all

areas of development of the local SMEs, for which initiatives could be suggested by our

Union.

Conclusion

These are the different issues which seemed useful to me to present today and which can

serve as a basis for a part of the Programme of Action of our Union in the months to come.

An important event which confirms this orientation is the appointment of Ms. Federica

Mogherini, the previously Italian national Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Italian

Government Matteo Renzi, as Minister of Foreign Affairs of the European Union, via the

Ministry of Foreign Affairs San Marino, it will be easier that WUSME be introduced to

her.




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17. Conclusions and Recommendations of the Workshop

WUSME International Workshop on “Waste to Energy” at San Marino attracted

eminent speakers from the continents of Africa, Asia, Europe and North America. The

workshop dwelt at length this topical, important & diversified topic. The Honorable State

Minister of Territory, Infrastructures and Relation to the AASP of San Marino,Dr.

Antonella Mularoni and WUSME President Dr. Gian Franco Terenzi set the tone of the

workshop by impressing upon the participants and the Nations at large to treat the waste

as a resource rather than a problem.

Introducing the subject of the conference of the workshop as Chairman, Dr. J S Juneja

elaborated on the menace of waste which is ever increasingly being generated both by the

developing and developed countries. He presented an integrated approach to waste

management and gave the example of India which converts a large number of waste

materials into economically useful products and most of the conversions are done by the

SMEs. Similarly, it is being processed by many developing countries. Conversion of

wastes to clean energy was also elaborated. Various speakers succinctly gave solutions to

this emerging and burning issue with examples of relevant technologies and applications

thereof. The recommendations emerging from the intense deliberations and forceful

presentations at the Workshop were as follows:

i. The Workshop recognized that the waste was increasing worldwide in geometric

progression and it should be treated as a resource rather than a menace.

ii. The waste management offered tremendous opportunity to small medium and micro

enterprises for conversion of waste products into economically useful materials and

products by recycling the waste products. Hence, a compendium of available

technologies may be prepared for the benefit of the entrepreneurs to develop their

industries and business and enhance employment opportunity. No doubt, some of

these technologies were being used.However a compendium would be of significant

value as a source of information on tecnological solutions to the SMEs and

entrepreneurs in the developing world.

iii. From the presentation of select countries, it was evident that the world was conscious

to manage the waste in a scientific manner and also to the need of making efforts to

minimize the same by improving upon the technologies particularly a lesson for SMEs.




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iv. Various relevant technologies such as Plasma Gasification plant, AVIS Energy plant,

Eco area for better living etc. were elaborated for converting waste to energy and its

efficient use.

v. The Workshop deeply appreciated the financial support measures adopted by the

European Union for waste management. The Workshop recommended that WUSME

should request European Union to provide financial support to developing countries

for total waste management.

vi. Some countries such as Hungary have evolved National Waste Management Plan

along with plan of actions for total waste management, somthing similar to which

could be replicated by other countries.

vii. WUSME should create awareness about management of waste as an integrated

approach particularly in the developing world and may seek help from European

Union and donors by projectizing the same.

WUSME appreciated contributions of all the speakers and particularly thanked

WUSME President Dr. Terenzi profusely for hosting the Workshop. Dr. Terenzi

inturn thanked all the speakers and participants for coming to San Marino and

for their valuable contributions.

The Workshop acknowledged the support of Dr. Maria Valeria Pasquini and her

team for facilitating the workshop and the events very meticulously and thanked

them.

All participants to the Workshop unanimously agreed that the Workshop has

been very successful and an important event by all measures.

18. Glimpses of the Workshop




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19. ANNEXURES

Annexure I

Profiles of Speakers




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Annexure II

Agenda for the Workshop

WUSME INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP

6 Sept 2014

BEST WESTERN PALACE HOTEL SERRAVALLE,

REPUBLIC OF SAN MARINO

WASTE TO ENERGY

NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF SMES AND CRAFTS FOR TURNING POLLUTING

WASTE INTO CLEAN ENERGY

WUSME PRESIDENT: DR. G.F. Terenzi

Opening Speech

Workshop Special Guest: H.E. Dr.Antonella Mularoni, State Minister for

Territory, Infrastructures and Relation to the AASP

Welcome message and opening speech

Workshop President: J. S. Juneja, WUSME Vice President

Opening Speech

Moderator: Prof. Dr. Norbert Knoll von Dornhoff, WUSME Secretary-General

Opening Speech

Speakers:

Speakers, taking part in the Workshop and listed here below in alphabetical order, will

intervene according to an AGENDA established by the President in compliance with the

organizational and personal needs of participants:

Participant Speakers:

Mr. ARUN AGRAWAL

WUSME Member of the Commission on Financial Issue s, INDIA

WASTE TO ENERGY: AN OVERVIEW OF THE SITUATION IN INDIA




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Mr. IMRE BICZO

Director General of the National Institute for Environment Hungary

Mr. ROBERT HOLZ

WUSME Vice President and Representative to UNESCO in Paris for

SMEs (France - Europe)

Mr. JIAN DAI

Secretary-General of Zhongguancun Federations of Social Organizations, CHINA

Mr. HELMUT KÖNIG

Director of AVIS GLOBAL ENERGY, CANADA

World leading waste to energy solutions

Mrs. MARTA LACZKO

Representative of Intech EnergyLtd, UK

Gas Plasma Plants for the production of electricity from waste

Mrs. RONGYONG YANG

WUSME member of the Board and President of Shanghai High Victory Fine

Chemical Co., Ltd., China

Mrs. CLAUDIA MULARONI

Chief Executive Officer of Pragmata Institute:

“How the European Union supports Green Energy projects through funding”

Mr. ROMANO UGOLINI

CEO of Ecoarea Better Living srl ITALY

Mr. PAL GORMORY Representative of EKS-GRANIT KFT, HUNGARY, Humic acids, humus, humic substances

AVIS Global Energy & WUSME

Documents

Transcript of AVIS Global Energy & WUSME