ED 181 561

AUTHOR.TITLE

IN$TITUTIONSPONS AGENCY

PUB DATECONTRACTNOTEAVAILABLE FROM

-EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS

_IDENTIFIERS

'ABSTRACT

DOCOMEWT mesona

EA 012 355

Hoffman, Cynthia K.A Catalogue-of Products That Can,Aid Schools in DoingOrganization pevelopient an4 Needs Assessment.Florida State Dept. of IMuration, Tallahassee.National Inst. of Education (DHEW) , Washington, D.C.Dissemination and Resources Group.Jun 79400-76-00439-40p.; Florida Linkage System ProjectOffice of tissemination/Diffusion, Florida Dept. ofEducation, Knott Bldg., Tallahassee, FL 32304($1.80)

MF01/Pc02 Plus Postage.Annotated Bibliographies: Catalogs; CommunicationSkills; Educational Needs; Educational Research;

)Elementary Secondary Education: Group Relations:"*Ne4dA Assessment: *Organizational Development;Problem Solving:'Staff Improvement;-&prveysLinking Agents: *Research and Developient'UtilizationProgram

T roducts in this catalogue are'Frograms andpublications desigd to help schools with staff development programsthat are aimed at improving organizational functioning andcommunication (organization develoPment), or at conducting needsassessment. The organization .development products and publications Y.reviewed are designed to help schools understand and become moreskilled in group process, interpersonal communication, groupproblem-solving, pla9ning for change, and improving rolerelationships in cbmplqx school organizations. Needs assessmentproducts aAd information revewed in the catalogue are designed tohelp schtols'gather demograpfiic information and survey tile schbolcoamunity to identify curriculum and school organization needs. Theneeds assessment products typically include data-gatheringinstruments and surveys of parenti, teachers, and students. For mostproducts, the catalogue includes such ifformation as types ofactivities faculty are required to perform, personnel required toadminitter the produpt, time required, expected otomes, and sourcesof further information about the p6duct. (Author M)

******01**4**********4*********************************************** **ReproductiOns sup7plied by !DRS are the best that can'be made *

from the original document.************************************************01**************** ****

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110UCATION tvistplliallNATIONAL INSTITUT', OP

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HO 0.1010%0N /I I ION ORIGINIitak. 111.()I141%10 VI61.4 ON OP/SW.0STIVIID Do NOT OlICISSARIL V gp.rit.SIN OF F 'COAL NAT IONAl INVT PO OFWM/0,010N rosp ION OR POliCe

A CATALOGUE OF PRODOCTS THAT CAN Aih SCHOOLS

IN DOING ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT

AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT

Developed by:A

Option rirom Research and DeveldpmentA Florida State- University

Cynthia K. Hoffman-

FLORIDA LINKAGE SYSTEM PROJECT,10Mce of Educational Dissemination/Diffusion.

Florida Department of EducationTallahassee, Florida

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Sponsored by:

Natiopal Institilte of.Education, HEW

A

June 1.979

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The work presented or reported hepein was performed ptir.,suant to a contract,from the NatTonal Institute of Educ-ation, Department of Health, Education and 4lfare. How-

the'opinlons expressed herefn do not necessarilyreflect the position or policy of the National Instituteof Education and no official'e0orsement by^the NationalInstitute of Education should be inferred. -

(NIE 400-76-0089) y

LP

State of Florid&Department of EdUcation rTallahessee, FloridaRalph D. Turlington, Cone4ssionerAn equal opportunity employer

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A

CATALOGUE

OF

PRODUCTS THAT CAN AID

SCHOOLS IN DOING

ORGANIZATION IFVELOPMENT

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NEEDS1ASSESSMENT

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION'

'SECTION I, ORGANIZATION DEVE14OPMENTPRODUCTS

Qiagnostic Survey for Leadership Improvement 3

(D.S.L.I.) (Validated N.IA. Product)

Evaluation for Program Improvement 3

(Developed bi ,Far WeSt-Laboratories)

1-nterpersonal -Communications,(IPC) 4

Organization Behavior in Action:- Skill4

Building Experience:3 , 5(Authors:Wm. C. Morris tt Marshall Sashkin)

Organizational D vel-oPment Series 6(Addison-Wesley P ng o)tblishi C

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Oranization Developmegt: BuildingHuman Systems in. Schoo-ls 13(Author: Richard I. Arends)

Panhandle Area Educational Cooperative 13(P.N.E.C.) Communications ModuleA.

The School Planning, Evaluation, and.Communication SyAtem (SPECS).

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Second Uandbook of OrganizationalDevO.opment in Schools. / 'd 16'by Richard A. Schmuck

Staff Development & Utilization Program(Developed by Learning & Evaluation

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AsAbciates LEA) ie

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SECTION II NEEDS ASSESSMENT PRODUCTS

An Analysis of Needs Assessmedt Techniqu4s* for Educational Planning at State,Inter-

mediate, and District Levels. (Author: BellesRuthltitkin) 19

A Comprehensilie Needs'Assessment Model(ACNAM) (Author: Belle Ruth,Witkin) 20

TEC Needs Assessment DevelopmentProject Meveloped. by Florida State versityl.,:. 21

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Educational Goals and Objectives:A Model Program for Community andProffissional InvolvemeInt: (Developed,bY'by Phi Delta Kappa) 22

Guidebook and Product Locator forNeeds Assessment (Author: BelleRuth Witkin)

Inventory for Curricular !.c InstructionalImprovement (Developedby Research or'Better Schools)

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Needs Assessment and Evaluation(Developeli by Learning & EvaluationAssociated LEA)

Project NAMES: Needs Assessment ModelAficVData Analysis Program

Pupil Perceived'Needs Assessment(Developed'by Research For BetterSchoo+s; NrE validated)'

School Program BONANZA Game(Authors: bs6rid J Mullen, Rosemary T.Mulled) 0

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SECTION TII RESEARCH FTNnTNGS ON ORGANTAATI@NALDEVELOPMENT AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT.

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Establishing Organizational SpecialistsWithin School Disti-ictsY(Author6: R.I.

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Arenda & J.J. Phelps) 4, 31

Improving Organizatibnal ProblemSolving In A School Faculty (Authors:"R.A. Schmuck, P.J. Runkel and D.Langmtyer) 32

Peer Consultation for School.Improve-ment (Author-: Richard A,,Schmuck) 33

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INTRODUCTION

This catalogue.is designed to provide easy accesS tO\information which can answer the following key questionsthat the average school woUld raise when choosing aproduct for staff development:

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What types of activities does it require thefaculty to do?

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What tylies of ersonnel are required toadminister the product?

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How much time is required to"use it?

-What are the expected outcome's?

Where'do I-get more information abOut ttieproduct?

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produa's in this catalogue are designed to helpschoo-rs,with staff development -for improvingorganizational functioning and communication (organiza-tion deverbpment) and/or conducting needs assessments.

Organization development'products and information pub-lications reviewed in this catalogue are designed tohelp schools understand and/or develop Skills in theareas of group process, inter-personal communications,group problem-solving, planning for Change, and improv-ing role relationships in complex school organizations.

Needs assessment.productfs and information in thiscatalogue are designed to help schools gather demo-graphic information and survey the school comMunity to4identify.needs An the curriculum and school organiza-

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tioh. The Needs Assessment products reviewed typicallyinclude dita gathering; instrument's and surveys of par:-ents, teachers, and students.

The catalogue is organized in three major sections:

SECTION I. ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTS

SECTION II. NEEDS ASSESSMENT PRODUCTS

SECTION III. RESEARCH FINDINGS ON ORGANIZATIONAL.DEVELOPMENT AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT

Products in 6ach section are arranged in alphabetical.order by product name and/or title of research paper.

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SECTION I. ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTS

Dia nostic Surv for Leadershi rovement D.S.L.I.ro

This is an actual, aiready-developed surveyquestionnafft which can be completed in less

than an, hour. Its,. main strength is that itidentifies discrepancies between the partici-pant's perceptidns of "what is" and "what shouldbe" in the organizational Climatè of the school'.

It also gathers data on the perceptions of'thesame situations by a variety of-persongel in,different role such a : fltudents, ficulty,department heads, supe visors, and principals.

, It is designed for use at the local, school unit.Machine scoring and analysis are ivailable atthe. University of Georgia.

For/further 'information, contact:

Dr. David J. MullenProject DirectorBureau of Field StudiesCollege of EducationUniversity of GeorgiaAthens, Geprgia 30602

Evaluation For Program Improvement(Developed by Far4e-st LabOratOries)

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yhis is ,a,programmed guide 'to group evaluationfor improvement of the instructional program.It attempts to build the group's ability'to

e4aluaté the idstructional.prograleby means of'

role playing and simulation. It does not require

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an outsidt leader, and the group and coordina,tor can spend'as mu01 time working throughkthe'hahdbook as they choose.,

"Participant Handbo9ks" And "Comililinittor Hind-'books" are available, Along with any other in-'formation 'about the program upon requept from:

Ann Hayes SarmentoCoordinatorPRODUCT INFORMATION CENTERFAR WEST LABORATORY1855 Folsom StreetSan Fraticisco, CA 94103

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Interpersonal Communications (IPC)4

IPC is an experiential instructional 'systemwhich provides: .4

information about the process ofcommunication

opportunities for participants toincrease their interpersonal com-munication skills

experiences for understanding one'sOwm styles of communication.

It requires at least one experienced trainerper 12-36 participants. There are 20 instruc-tional sessions in a workshop, which comprisesabout.30 hours of instruction, The sessionsare sequential and cumulative; fhus they shouldbe held consecutively.

The costg for materials are as followsi

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Leader Manual

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$ 19.95

'Participant's Materials 12.95 ea

Audio, Visual Materials .(setof 9 16mm color sound films) 275.00

For further information, 'contact:

Xicom, INC.Sterling ForestTuxedo,- N.Y. 10987

Organizatton Behavior id Actions Skill Buildingtxperiences(Authors:-WilliamC. Morris-&-Marshall Sashkin)

This is a series of short, experiential instruc-tional modules designed to build skills in anumber Of areas related to group processes andinterpersonal comMunications. Each skill-build-ing experience/lesson takes.about li.to 2 hoursfor a group.,to complete. This series is bestused under the leadership of.an outside groupprocess expert with a small faculty group.

Cast, in additiom to the..fee for an outside'Jeador, woAld be only the price of one manual,since the publisher has given thanket permis-sion to copy the exercises for use as worksheetsfor each participant.

For further informatio , contact:

W st Publishing CompanyP.O. Box 3526St. Paul, Minnesota 55102

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Organizational Dcivetopmeht Sefieo(Addiscill-Vesley Publishing Company)

A eris of boas written by some of themdistinguished authors of bur time, onAhesubject of orgahization development. tOese

. books would be a mijar addition to 4 library.

on organization development and they coula'also be used as backgrouncireading for school Nt,

personnel desiring to forge their own.,.eclkticapproach to organization deveropmeht; Thebooks in the series are listed. below, Withindividual summaries and prices- for each:'.

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"Organization Development: StrategiesModels' by Richard Beckhard.

.Using theory as a.basi6 for focusing onapplication, Beckhard covers strategiesin methods of planned change for theorganization, the nature, characteristicsand methods of organization development,ways of administering"organization dev-.elopment programs, and elements of dev-elopment such as team building, gaalsetting, and planning.

PRICE: $ 5.50

"Organizational Transitions: Managing Com-plex Change" by Richard BeckhaDd and ReubenT. Harris

Beckhard and Hariis offer specific helpfor organization leaders coping with thechallenge of plinning tor tbe future andfacilitating the

simultaneously managing current' work.They tell how to decide which form thetrannition-should take, how tcfplan all'the specific steps and activities, howto,docide what commitment is needed,and how totget that commitment.

PRICE: $ 5.50

"Organ1zation Development" its Nature, Originsand Prospects" by Warren G. Betinis,

"The Bennis book constitutes the broad-est statement of the basic parametersof OD...explaining the general natureof OD and dericribing the organizationaland societal context in which it mustoperate."

Administrative Science guarterly

PRICE: $ 5.50

"Bull,ding a Dynamic Corporation Through GridOrganiMtion Development" by.Robert R. Blakeand Jane S. Mouton

Grid Organization Development presents asystematic approach based on behavioraleffectiveness, business logic, and manage-ment science. It sets forth a strategyfor bringing any business or governmentagency to a peak of excellence with astep-by-step study of organization dynam-ics.

PRICE: $ 5.50

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"Alternate Work Schedules: Integrating Individ-ual and Organiiiational Needs" -by Allah R. Cohenand Herman Gadan .

Cohen and Gadon present a thorouikh,studyof how these innovhtions can bene/it bothemployees and employers, and hoW-4anagerscan use demographic data to predict em-ployee preferences. Guidelines are pro-vided as to how alternate.scheduling maybe implemented to maximizeprofits fromfurther organization development efforts.

PRICE: $ 5.5tF

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"Matrix" by Stanley M. Davis.and'Paul R.Lawrence

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Which 18 best for corporate health- atight, highly centralized structure or.a loose., decentralized structure? Opis there a compromise structure thatoffers the best of boih worlds? Thisq;book presents a case for just such a:compromise,- the'Matrix.

PRICE: $ 6.95

"Team Building" Issues and Alternatives" byWilliam G. Dyer

This is a practical guide to effectiveteam building. The book explores-thenature of team building in the schemeof management and grganizational dev- 'eloRment. It emphasizes the importance

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of designing team building programs thWIN,fake into condiderati9n the differingpersonAlities and bkkground of the In-dividuals and the diagnosed needs of theorgaiation.

PRICE: $ 5.50-

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"Designing Complex Organizations" y Jay

Galbraith1

A framework for designing andanalyzingmatrix forms of organizations is presented.The text also discusses how differentforms of. organization stru re emolve in

4uresponse to increasingly d ficult prob-lems of information processing. Several

cases illustrating applications of matrixdesigns and analydis of laterdl dvisionsprocesses are included.

... PRICE: $ 5.50

'Work -Redesign" by J. Richard Hackman and Greg

R. Oldham

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Hackman and Oldham present a comprehensiveview of work'redesign as a strategy for

personal and organizational change, deal-ing both with the design of work for in-dividuals and th0 design of work for ,

groups. The book covers.individual dif-ferences among people in how they reactto their work are covered, and the differ-ences in organizational systems that affectthe appropriateness and p tency of workredesign as change gtrateg .

ADRICE 6.95

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"Organizational Dynamics: Diagnosis aid intvention" by John P. Kotter

This book draws togeter Many diff entconcepts, rEtsearch findings, and cpeting philosophies into ap analyt Calmodel, of organizational dynaplids. Themodel is describei in detail, as l'ca

speciPi examples of hoW manag r aind

special sts can use.it,to 4elto t Manswer, ifflOult qu4stionsAho t

iniMprdv-

ing orga izational lunctivng andeffectiveness.-

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"Developing Organizations.: Diagnosis and Action"-by Paul R. Lawrence and Jay W. LorscW

This book emphasizes careful diagnosisas a prelude to action planning. Itdeals with three Specific problem areas:the relation between tfie organizationand its environment, the relation betweenmajor units within the organizatAon, andthe-relation between individuals and thetotal organization.

PRICE: .$ '5.50

"Feedback and Organization Deveiopment: UsingData-Based Methods" by David A. Nadler4t-

Nadler provides a broadly-Applicableapproach to using various *ypes offeedback in organization dOvelopment.He also supplies an ompine of elemen-tary techniques for analyiing collecteddata, and instrument sampes for gather-

/2 fng information:

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PRICE: $ 6.50

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"The. Organization 4 a Changing Environment" byRichard J.C. ,Roeb r*

Roeber exarrdnes the nature and directionof changes ahd-jmakes some predictionsabout their likely effects within organi4zations. He includes A dieicussioW of the'

_main direction of change, a-section deal-ing with pressures for change from insideand outside the otganizatton, and two case

PRICE: 5.50

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"Career pynamics: MWtching Individdal andOrganizdtional Needs" by Edgar H. Schein

This book can be a personal guide for theindividual planning a career strategy, orfor the manager ihterested in developingmore effective human resolifces within anorganization.

PRICE: $ 6.50

"Process Consultation: Its Role in OrganizationDevelopment" by Edgar H. Schein

This book covers the methods by which aprocess-consultant operates -'what helooks for, how he decides wheh and howto intervenp, and how he make6 contactwith, defines the relationship with, andoperates with his clients. The casestudies used as illustration throughoutthe book are based on the author's owncareer-experiences in procesh consultation.

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PRICE: $ 5.50

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"Physical Settings, and Organizational Deveiop-1ment" by Fred I. Steele .

Do workers' physical surroundingt affect ,

stheir performance? -Their attitudes towardtheir jobs and their emplers? Steelesuppest6.that they have a kreat limpact.He suggests that attentibn be given topositive aspects, such as carpeting; air-conqoition.tng, as.well as negative factorssuch as noise and poor lighting. Steele

',../uses examples from ihe school'setting.

PRICE: $ 5.56

"Interpersonal Peacemaking: Confrontations andThird Party Consultation" by Robert 1. Walton

When two high-level people in an organi-zation are in direct conflict with-eachother, that conflict often affects manyothers.in the organization. Walton pre-

( sents a clear picture of what can hand spells out 'precisely how third-.prtyintervention can work to resolve the sp-uation.

PRICE: $ 5.50

Any of all of these books cmn be ordered for a -dayfre6 examination. For further information, con act:

Addison-Wesley PublisingCompany, Inc.

Business & ProfessionalDivisionReading, Mass. 01867

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Or anization Dove o dent: Buildin Human 3 sttns

(Author: 111chard I. Arends)

This product consilts of a booklet And slideshow; which are designel to expl,ain.the con-cepts of organizat.kon dovelopmeni in schoolsjt theolocal and district'level/ The combinedproduct would take a group.approximately-twohours to complete:.

The purpose is to provide awarenesS of thebenefits of organization development:training,and it'can be _followed by wOrk with brganiza-tional development (OD) training consultant.for.best results

The cost of the booklets are $2.00 each; And the

slide-tape show is $50.00. Training congultantswould also cost additional Aravel and consultingfees. One training congultant would be needed

for each group,of 10-20 participants.

For further inThrmation, contact:

Jane 4, Arends", AssociateDirector

Centex for EducationalPolicy and Managemeni

Universiiy of Oregon-Eugene, Oregon 97401

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Panhandle Area Educational Cooperative 1:).A.E.C.)

Commuktications Modules

These are brief self-idructional modulesdesigned to be used in small groups or by

individuals. All the modules are designed

with pre-assessment instruments and a variety

of enabling activities, which range from

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reading to learrking informattn to role playingand g(mo .playing designed to help the partici-pant experience the concepte Each one ,Fequires.only one-two hours to cOmplete, and-the costs'per module_are minimal as sPectfied below. 4Thetitles are 'listed alphabetically).

1, "Acceptance of the Team Approach" (HRV-1)by paul HoulihanCost: $ .40 pet copy)

2 "Awareness ef Smap'Group Dynamics"(HRV-2) by Paul HoulihanCost:$.95 per copy

3. "Communication Inter roup" HRI-2,/BRI-3) by Paul Houl(Cost: 1 $ 1.75 per dopy

2 - $ 1.15 per copy3 $ y50 per copy

4 "Decision Making" (05-7) by Steve PollinCoct: $ .60 per copy.

5. "Group process in Task Teams" (FMGIC-19-B)by Mary OlsonCost: $ .90 per copy

6. "Increasing Supportive Forces and De-creasing Hindering Forces in Groups"(FMGIC: 8-B) by Jam BranchCost: $ .65 per copy.

7. "Team Effectiveness" (HRV-5) by PaulgodlihanCost: $ .35 per copy

For further information, contact:

Panhandle Area .Education-al Cooperative -f

Poet Office Drawer 190Chipley, Florida 32425

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The School Planning, Evaluation and CommunicationgysteWETRY (Validated N.I.E. Produc0

This product describes an approach and a set ofprocesses for program planning and evaluation.The approach begins with the collection ofspecific information about the goals, methods,costs, and outcomes of the current school situ-ation.

The second component of the product is de.7signed to aid school personnel with programbudgeting and oost accounting.

The third component facilitates dticumentatiOnof outcomes, processes, and 6osts for/empchdistrict activity. 4

The fourth component infolves the citizensof a school district in idenIifying its'educational goals.'

The fifth and final, component presents a pro-cedure for identifying and resolving discrep-ancies between actual,. district outcomes andthe broad goals and expectations of its citi-zens.

The cost or this 5-component manual, and 1 copyof each of the accompanying materials is only$15.00. However, implementation of the proce-dures outlined in this guidebook can cost asmuch or as little; in terms of time and moneyas a district wants to spend. It dependssolely on how extensively they want to imple-ment the suggested,procedures. District person-nel and computer fagilitaties are suggested as'prerequisite resources. SPECS has been field-tested nationwide and is listed as a validatedprogram by N.T.E.

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For further information, contact:

CenIer for EducationalPolicy & Management

University of Oregon1472 Kincaid StreetEugene, Oregon 97401

John M. Nagle,,ProjectDirector

Second Handbook bf Organizational Development inSchools by Richard A. Shhmuck

'This guide is the culmination of nearly tenyears of research and development aimed athelping school.s 1) rvcognize'the need forchange, and 2) adapt to change once it hasbeen implemented.

It is a practical glade which includes theoryas well as examples of techniques for

organizing team_ teaching

gaining greater parent involvement inschools,

designiqg consultation and op workshops,

evaluating interventidns

understanding nonverbal communication451

This handbook costs $16.95. If it is used as aguide to a serious organization developmenteffort, an outside consultant would also be

, needed to guide the,eifort. The costs for theconsultant and expenses would then be addition-al. Also, the time required to complete such asOrious effort is approximately two years.

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However, this handhopk can be used by insideschool personnel as a guide for directing st4(ff

development sess1ons*0 improve basic comMunJ_Cation.

To order, please contactl

Mayfidld Publishing Company285 Hamilton AvenuePala Alto, Calif. 94301

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iVtaff Develo ment & Utilization Pro ramDevelope y Learning an valuation ssociates LEA)

The LEA Staff Development & Utilization Programis in the form of workshops-which are designedto meet the needs of all levels of educationwithih the state and local organizational struc-ture.

The basic outline for a workshop is developed

in consultation with thist concerned staff.Materials are used which are pertinent tothe specific group and level offinstructionalneeds. LEA uses a competenQy4?,ased model.

Once the group has decided what skills theywant tolgain from the program, LEA displays

the cogAitive,* behavioral, and attitudinalobjectives otf the program which has been in-dividually designed for the specific partici-

pants. Lecture, discussion, 'and experientalactivities are presented. Frequently, LEA or

district staff follo* up with on-site ottoser-'

vation and crtique of the program's oirtc6mes.

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Costs vary according to the length of .the work-shop. A,one-day (6 hours) workshop Will cost$100.00 Olus the cost of duplicating materials,as well as,travel and per diem for the LEA con-sultant who conducts the workshop. 'The mosteconomical paNfage of services tvou1d be a 2-5day series of workshops to meet the meeds of avariety of staff groups.

For further,information, contact:

Learning and EvaluationAssociates

100 Hubler RoadState College, PA 16801Phone: (814) 466-7852

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SECTION II. NEEDS ASSESSMENT PRODUCTS

An Analysls of Needs Assessment Techniques forEaucatIonal Planning at gtate Intermediafe, and-bistrIct-Levefs.(Author: Belle Ruth Witlan)

This report is intended primarily for educa-t

tors who have responsibility for conductingmanaging needs assessment at the local ordistrict level. However, some.information hasbeen included on statevide assessments andemerging,efforts in community colleges anduniversities.

Part I- "The State of the Art" is an overviewof trends and approaches in needs assessment.

Part II- "Needs Assessment Models" providesdescriptions of-the most widely availableand character4stic models, to-gether with somecase studies of their application.

Part III "How to Do It" discusses managingthe effort as well as communication and other

. strategies for change. It also discussesstrength0 and limitations of the needs aSsess-ment process, as well As social fairness issues.

The information for this document was gatkptedfrom published and unpublished reports of 146eds

assessments; examination of models, kits, andvarious instruments;.and the (limited) theo-retical and research literature in the field.

The report costs $3.85 to purchase from con-tact below; it is also available'on Microfiche(ED 108-370).

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For further information, contact:

ERICorAlameda CountyOffice of Education685 - A StreetHaywood, CA. 94541

A Comprehensive Needs Assessment Model (ACNAM)(Author Belle Ruth.Witkir0

ACNAM is a system for schobl-level needs.assess-ment which identifies the discrepancies betweenexisting ahd desired conditions._ It includesinstruments for gathering and recording crucialfacts and figures, a computer print-out thatdisplays prioritized data, and a procedure tomerge the relatively immutable situational.factors with the improVable instructional*enefits. Finally, ACNAM includes an actionin. graph which ties the needs adsessmentactivities to the decision-making process.

The total time for completing an ACNAM needs0, assessment would be about 8-10 weeks, including -

data analysis.a

A coordinator is, required to conduct ACNAM;and clerical help is needed to collect sur-veys, collate, And enter demographic data fromexisting,sources.

Co6ts for materials ai'e as follows:4

Manual $ 4.00(1 per school)

-4. Statistical Sumiwy & Data Forms . 2.50t.(1.per school)taff purvey,(20 per pkg

Available IParent Sdrvey (35 per pkg)inSpanish SStudetit Survey (35 per pkg)& English (grade& 1,44)

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4.007.003.50 .

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Examination Set 20.00

Data Processing costs:Staff and Parent Surveys .45

eachStudent Survey .36

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(Minimum order for materiali: .$50.00)(Minimum order for data processing:

$50.00)

For further information, contact:

Dr. Belle Ruth WitkinAlameda County Office of

Education685 A StreetHayward, CA 94541

TEC Needs Assessment Development Project(Developed by Florida State'Univer§it0

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This programiconsists of an extensive Train-er's Manual, whiCh provides thorougn-euide-lines for performing a needs issessment in alarge schobl district. The trianer's set in-nudes a slide/tape show which introduces thethe,concepts of,needs assesqmpht. It also in-,eludes as a very sPecialized feature, a setof technical manuals to guide the districtplanning group through each phase of planning,data collection2 analysis, and reporting.

Another important feature of this program isthat it provides detailed breakdowns of costcategories to gvide a district in calculatingwhat a needs assessment effort of this scopewould cost them.

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Special personnel required to conduct a needsassessment of the scope described in thisprogtam include a district project manager,distr1ct needs assessment committee, statis-tical specialists, clerical helpers and aDOE consultant.

The total cost to purchase the program manualsand orientation.workbooks is $16.95.

The program is also accompanied by a needsassessment game.to provide experience-basedorientation for those who will be involvedin making decisions about the needs assess-ment. It follows a "MONOPOLY"-type format,charging and rewarding game money on the basisof the value of players' derisions about -

whether or not to in-plude certain data-gather-ing steps in a hypothetical school needsassessment.

For further information, conhact:

Florida Resources in EducationExchange (FREE)

Office of Dissemination/Diffusion (ODD)

Department of EducationKnott BuildingTallahassee, FL 32301

(Available on loan O.D.D.Curriculum Resourc Cent r)

14114E*KTFLTaTeNe

Educational Goals & Objectives: A Model Program VbrCommunity and Professional tnyolvemen%.(Developed by 15111. Delta Kappa)

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it

)10

This is a complete,training package which

provides a series of strategies for use py a.

school district in developing community-lranked-goals and teacher-developed objectiv,ieingthe best current information and praProvision is made for community involvemeninvolvement of professional staff, and in7volveMent of students. in 1) ranking education--al goals in Order of importance; 2) assessinghow, well current educatro,nal programs aremeeting those goals; add develop ng programlevel petformance objectiAes to mot thepriority-ranked goals. A Model rationaleand dxplicit directiond for succes of theprograms are included.

Sample letters to participants, goal sheets,and test items as well as a Goal Ranking Gameto be used in experiential orthntation of par-ticipants are product components. The totalkit costs $12.75 to purchase, and it includesone copy of the materials.

Consultatt' services are_available from PDKInternational Headquarters. The user mustpay expenses only.

The program was developed in 1972 and has hadextensive utilization since then throughoutthe United States and many foreign cotintries.

%

The costs to implement such a grogram in adistrict are mainly time and clerical costs.The materiels are designed to be self-instruc-tional, and can be copied at will.

Phases I and II, the needs assessment stages,take approximately one year to complete ifbroad goals are first established and singlesubject area needs are then ascertained on

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0,0*the bitsis of the broad goals. Phase III,the development of subject matter perfor-mance objectives, can take as long as threeyears from initiation through evaluation ofthe.new progrmm.

This is a comprehensive, community-basedapproach to curricular changes based on as-sessinW'needs.

For further information, contact:

Dr. Robert SimpsonUniversity of MiamiSchool of EducatiopBox 8065Coral Gables, FL 33124

To order, contact:

Phi Delta KappM(PDK) InternationalHeadquarters

, Post Office Box 789Bloomington, Indiana 47401

qUldebook and Product Locator For Needs Assessment'(Author: Belle Ruth Witkin)

This publication is designed to be used with-out training. It is an information documentwhich can be helpful to school personnel plan-ning a needs assessment,in that it lists,destribes, and comPAres thirty-four differentneeds assessment products. It also includesa section which tells school personnel Ivhatare the important questions to ask before youdo a needs assessmenf. Differing answers tothese questions are keyed io the products in,the locator guidebook so a decision-makeris informed abbut which need's assessment

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410product might be most appropriate to usein his or her school situation.

`4 '

This publication,comes in two part*:

1. "Guidebook: Before You Do A NeedsAssessment: Impprtant FirstQuestions".

2. "Needs Assessment,Product Locator".

The total cost for both parts is $ 6.00.

dr further information, contact:

Dr. Belle Ruth WitkinAlameda County Office ofEducation685 A StreetHayward, CA 95641

Inventory For Curricular & Instructional Improvement(Developed by Research For Defter Schools)

This product is designed to guide a group of'pc school administrators at the district or,.

state level through the process of identifyingand summarizing group perceptions of needsfk--)r curricular improvement.

The^product consists of four items:

Coordinator's manual

Book I - Individual Observations andPerceptions.

Manual for Summarizing IndividualObservations and Perceptions

Book II - Group Discussion.

Total Package Price $9.00(for small groups up to 7 membp-rs)

725-

NOTE: 1 SpeciMen'set can be purchased for$3.00

This program is sdlf-instructional, requiringa group coordinator Who can become self-oriented by completing the coordinator's man-ual prior to the group session.

The total time requirements for participantsare:

Participants 1 day (6 hours)Coordinator 2 days (1 for preparation)Clerical Help 1 day (for a group of 7)

This product haa been validated by pse in 8school settings of varying sizes and socio-economic status, as well as expert review andin-house evaduation.

For further information, please contact:

Research for Better Schools,Inc.

1700 Market StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19103

Needs Assessment and Evaluation(Dqveloped by Learning ahd EvaluatiohAssociated-LEA)

os.

This program is a set of procedures requiringan LEA consultant team and a task force forneeds assessment at the school, or district orstate level. LEA provides their needs assess-ment services in the following manner:

1. DiscuSsion and planning with the clientto determine scope of

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2. Preparation by um of an/efficientsystematic data collection procedure.

3. Provision of necessary in-servicetraining for the task force.

4. Cooperative development of instrumentslor data collection'.

IV5. Data analysis (option'al) and recommendations.

,

6. WrIkkten documentation of entire process.

The cost in time for the whole process out-lined above Is usually about one month.

The total cost in dollars ranges from $1500totrO, with about half of that cost goingto and the other fialf representingexpensbs incurred by the task force for plan-ning and duplicating.

For further informatio contact:

Dr. Edward T. FryeLearning and Evaluation Assoc.100 Hubler RoadState College, PA 16801

Project NAMES: Needs Assessment Modelaild Data Analysis Program.

This is a consultant-based needs assessmentprocedure which is.guided by an expert con-sultant in conjunction wtth the Project NAMESWorkbook and companion materials.

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34 A

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It is designed to help a school or districtbreak down its goals and survey its needs in.each school topic area.

The consultant meets,with a school or disteictcore committee during a couple of three-hoursessions to localize the survey items, as wellas to decide what groups will be sampled. Thetrainer then oversees survey distribution re-turn, and data analysis. The costs in termsof time for membefs qf the core committee wouldbe about two weeks.

The costs top, implement this program would be$1.50 per core committee member for the pro-ject NAMES Workbook and companion materials;$125 per day for about 3 days, plus expenses,for expert consultant; And variable costs forcomputer data processing.

This program has been used successfully indozens of school districts in Pennsylvania,and the Pennsylvania Department of Educationhas recognizqd its value in their mandatorYlong-range planning process.

For further information, contact:

V

Dr. Donald Bortz, DirectorEducational Development CenterEast Stroudsburg State CollegeEast Stroudsburg,PA 18301

1

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Pupil Perceived Needs Assessment(DeveTopiia by lesearch for Better School,s: NIEvalidated)

This product contains a guidebook.and intro-duCtory audio cassette designed to help aschool through all phases of a needs assess-ment based on the pupil's perceptions. Typi-cally, this is done by a small group of -

faculty who have a stake in a particularne which student feedback would lie

pful. Thor develop a scit of questionsask students, and guidelines for develop-

ment of the survey instrument aro Providedin the guidebook..

Personnel needed to conduct the pupil-per-ceived needs assessment are a project directoirdata processing staff, and faculty developmentgroup.

Time required would be as fpllows for eachphase of the process:

I. Planning the Project 1 dayDeveloping the indicator 2 days

ITT. Administering the indicator 1-2class periods

Processing the indicator dat43-5 days

V. Analyzing and reportingresults 1 day

The total cost of the package--guidebook andaudio cassette--is $15.00.

For further information, contact:Research for Better Schools1700 Market StreetPhiladelphia, PA. 19103

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vc,

,

School Prour m BONANZA Gameut ors: lay u en, Rosemary C. Mulleny

This package.includes a "Principal's Handbookfor Conducting A Needs Assessment Using TheSchool Program Bonanza Game" as well as-theactual game; answer sheets, scoring, and datareport sets. The package is designed so thateyerything that is needed to conduct the BONANZA

, game needs assessment iR provided. All partici-pants in the needs assessment are.given the gameto play, and the re9u1ts are Scored to determinethe group's perception of needs. Total estimatedtime required to conduct the needs assessmentfrom beginning to end is 10 weeks.

The costs for the complete 'package is approxi-mately $125.00.

This product has been uts;ed with over 10,000'people in 34 schools ranging from inner city torural areas.

#14

For further information, contact:

Dr. David J. MullenBureau of Field ServicesCollege ofEducationUniversity of GeorgiaAthens, GA. 38602

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SECTION III.

RESEARgH FINDINGS ON ORGANIZATIONALDEVELOPMENT AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT

Establishing Organizational Specialists Withingdhool bistricts.(kuthors: Richard I. Are4s,& Jane J. Phelps,December 1973)

This paper ',describes a way in which schooldistricts can create and maintain their owncapacity for providing organization develop-ment training and consultation. Theapproach uses "cadres" of organizationalspecialists who are actually teams ofdistrict employees who have been trained inthe theory arid technology of organizationdevelopment. These specialists function aspart-time trainers and consultants whilecarrying out their full-time.teaching, co-ordinating, or administrative responsibili-ties. They use their understandings andskills to help others in the district clarifycommunication, reach out to use relevant re-sources, systematically solve problems andmake decisions, access progress toward educ-ational goals, and cope with interdependenced conflict in a produdtive way.

The authoils based the paper on their experi7ences as part of a "cadre" in Eugene,..:Oregoh,as well as ekperienceS,of their colleaguesin the Kent cadre (Schmuck, Runkel, and.Blondino, 1971; Schmuck & Runkel, 1972; andWyant, 1972, 1973.)

To order your copy, contact:

4ichard.I , Arends &Jane R. PhelpsCenter for EducationalPolicy & ManagementEugene, Oregon

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Im rovin OrFacu t

4

anizational Problem Solvin In A School

ors: Richard A. Schmuck, Philip J. Runkel,Daniel .LangMeyerY

40

This arti4ple describes am,intervention thatwas aimecr,at,improving the flexible organi-zational.profflAm solving abilities of ajunior high school faculty. The interventionwas designed to produce the organizationaldevelopment, not personal change.

The intervention consisted of integratinggroups training in communication and problemsolving with the normal business of theschool. The intervention was conducted withthe faculty intermittentlj from September toFebruary of the gchool year.

Data evaluating effects of the interventionsupported the hypothesis that participants'.satisfaction with the organization would beimproved.

The article is found in:

Journal Of Applied Behavioral Science,Vol. 5, No. 4, 109.

1

A review of the article's crucial pointsis available from:

Florida Resources in Educa-tion Exchaagl (FREE)

Office of Di46emination/Diffusion

Department of EdycaflonKnott BuildingTallahassee, FL, 32301

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e

Peer Consultation for School Improvement(Author: iliChard A. SchMuA)

lik

The paper IR a thorough discussion of thestate of the art of organkzationtl cn-sultation in schools. It identifi-es threemajor types-of consultation in current use;1) outside technical assistance, 2) expertcurriculum Consultation from within theschool, and 3) process consultation offeredwithin the district on an ad hoc basis.

The section'-On research findings to date isparticularly valuable. I d cribes fieldexperiment findings about;

the ways OD consultation has improvedorganizational fUnctioning in schools

detriments a,sociated with OD consul-. tation,

three factors underlying A school'spotential for success with OD consul-tation.

\\

A review of these crucial research findintiis available from :

Florida Resources'inEducation Exchange

Office pf DisseminationVDiffusionDepartment of Education- -Knott buildingTallahdssee, lq, 32301

LA/It

To order the paper', contact:

40

ftichard A. SchmuckCenter for EducationalPolicy and ManagementUniversity of OregonEugene, Oregon

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