Atomic Structure II
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Transcript of Atomic Structure II
Atomic Orbitals
• Each electron is assigned to:Primary energy level (shell), nOrbital type in the shell (s,p,d,f)Specific orbital of the type
Because of repulsion considerations only 2 electrons can occupy any orbital (spinning in opposite directions)
Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010
Shell (n)
# s orbita
ls
# p orbita
ls
# d orbita
ls
# f orbita
ls
Total e-
1 1 2
2 1 3 8
3 1 3 5 18
4 1 3 5 7 32
5 1 3 5 7 50
Atomic Shells and Orbitals
Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010
This diagramshows the energylevels of the atomic orbitals.
Electrons fill orbitals from bottom to top ofthe diagram.
Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010
dark - filled, spin-paired
light - half-filled
no color-empty
A vertical orbital diagram for the Li ground state.
The electron configuration is written as: 1s22s1
shellorbital
# electrons in orbital
Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010
You can use a chartlike this to determine the electron configuration.
(But there is an easierway.)
Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010
Determining Electron Configuration
SOLUTION:
PROBLEM: Using the periodic table on the inside cover of the text (not Figure 8.12 or Table 8.4), give the full and condensed electrons configurations, partial orbital diagrams showing valence electrons, and number of inner electrons for the following elements:
(a) potassium (K: Z = 19)
(b) molybdenum (Mo: Z = 42)
(c) lead (Pb: Z = 82)
Use the atomic number for the number of electrons and the periodic table for the order of filling for electron orbitals. Condensed configurations consist of the preceding noble gas and outer electrons.
(a) for K (Z = 19)
1s22s22p63s23p64s1
[Ar] 4s1
4s1
condensed configurationpartial orbital diagram
full configuration
There are 18 inner electrons.
3d 4pBarbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010
(b) for Mo (Z = 42)
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s14d5 [Kr] 5s14d5
(c) for Pb (Z = 82)
[Xe] 6s24f145d106p2
condensed configurationpartial orbital diagram
full configuration
5s1 4d5
condensed configurationpartial orbital diagram
full configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s24f145d106p2
There are 36 inner electrons and 6 valence electrons.
6s2 6p2
There are 78 inner electrons and 4 valence electrons.
5p
Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010
Configuration for Ions
• What is the electron configuration for Na+?
Na = 1s22s22p63s1
Na+ = 1s22s22p63s1
• What is the electron configuration for Se2-?
Se = 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p4
Se2- = 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p6
Barbara A. Gage PGCC CHM 1010