Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

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Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table

Transcript of Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Page 1: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure

I. Subatomic Particles

II. The Periodic Table

Page 2: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Subatomic Particles

POSIT IVECHARG E

PROT ONS

NEUT RALCHARG E

NEUT RONS

NUCLEUS

NEG AT IVE CHARG E

ELECT RONS

AT OM

Most of the atom’s mass.

NUCLEUS ELECTRONS

PROTONS NEUTRONS NEGATIVE CHARGE

POSITIVE CHARGE

NEUTRAL CHARGE

ATOM

QUARKSAtomic Numberequals the # of...

equal in a neutral atom

Page 3: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Subatomic Particles (Parts of the Atom)

Particle Symbol Charge Relative Mass

Electron e- - 0 amu

Proton p+ + 1 amu

Neutron n0 0 1 amu

Page 4: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Location of Subatomic Particles

Electron (-)

Nucleus

Proton (+)

Neutron

Page 5: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Atoms Family Album

Click on the Light Bulb to See the Atoms Family Album

Page 6: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Atoms are building blocks of

elements.

Each element is made of only

one type of atom.

Example: Aluminum is made

only of aluminum atoms.

Page 7: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Each element’s atoms are

different from atoms of other

elements.

Example: Aluminum’s atoms are

different from copper’s atoms.

Page 8: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Atomic Number

The number of protons in the atom. (If the atom is neutral, it is also the number

of electrons.)

Page 9: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Atomic Number on the Periodic Table

6

CSymbol

Atomic Number

Page 10: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

All atoms of an element have the same number of protons!

6

CCarbon

6 protons

Page 11: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Learning Check State the number of protons (or electrons) for atoms of each of the following:

1. Nitrogen A) 5 B) 7 C) 14

2. Sulfur A) 32 B) 16 C) 6

3. BariumA) 137 B) 81 C) 56

Page 12: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Mass NumberCounts the number

of protons plus neutronsprotons plus neutrons

in an atom, so to find the number of neutrons you

simply use this formula:

Mass # - Atomic # = # of neutrons

Page 13: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Atomic SymbolsShow the mass number and atomic number

Give the symbol of the element

6

C12Mass Number

Atomic Number

Page 14: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Number of ElectronsAn atom is neutral The net charge is zeroNumber of protons = Number of electrons

Atomic number = Number of electrons

Page 15: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Subatomic Particles in Some Atoms

8 15 30

O P Zn 16 31 65

8 p+ 15 p+ 30 p+

8 e- 15 e- 30 e-

8 n 16 n 35 n

Page 16: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Drawing Atomic Models

The first electron shell/level/cloud can hold 2 electrons

The second electron shell/level/cloud can hold 8 electrons

The third electron shell/level/cloud can hold 18 electrons

The neutrons and protons are in the nucleus (center)

Page 17: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Let’s draw a model for sodium (Na) How many protons

does it have?

• 6 (same as atomic number)

How many neutrons?

• 6 (atomic mass - atomic number = 12 - 6 = 6)

How many electrons?

• 6 (same as # of protons)

C6

12

Page 18: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Where do we put this stuff?

6 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons

Protons and neutrons go in the nucleus

Electrons go in the orbitals/shells/clouds

Page 19: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

e-

e-

e-

e-

e-

e-

6 p+

6 n0

Protons and neutrons go in the nucleus

How many electrons fit in the first shell?How many electrons fit in the second shell?How many electrons fit in the third shell?

Page 20: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Examples of 3-d Bohr Models

Visionlearning

Page 21: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

The Elements Song

Page 22: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Lewis Dot Structure

C• •••

Page 23: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

What does this symbol mean?

CarbonDots tell you valence electrons

••C• •

Page 24: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Valence Electrons?

C• •••

Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. They are involved in forming bonds with other elements.

Page 25: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

How do you figure out valence electrons?

C12

6Protons?

6 (same as atomic number)

Neutrons?

6 (atomic mass - atomic number)

Electrons?

6 (same as atomic number)

Page 26: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

So we know carbon has 6 electrons…now what?

6p+

6n

e-

e-

e-e-

e-

e-

How many are in the outermost shell?

The first shell holds 2.Now 4 are left.

They go in the second shell.

4!

Page 27: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

4 valence electrons=4 dots!

C• •••

Page 28: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

How to draw your dots…

•Cl• ••• ••

3

2

1

4

7

6

5

Chlorine has 7 valence electrons. First put dots on each side before you double up.

Page 29: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

An Easy Trick!

(1)5(1)4 (1)8(1)7(1)62 (1)31

Exception!

To figure out how many dots to draw

Page 30: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

If an element has a full outermost shell, that means it does not react with anything.

Ne• ••••

• ••

Which elements have full outermost shells?

Page 31: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.

Now you try…1.Lithium

2.Nitrogen

3.Calcium

4.Oxygen

5.Fluorine

••N

•Li

• Ca•

•••

••O

••

••••F