Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.
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Transcript of Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.
![Page 1: Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure I. Subatomic Particles II. The Periodic Table.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070407/56649e205503460f94b0bd59/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ch. 2 - Atomic Structure
I. Subatomic Particles
II. The Periodic Table
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Subatomic Particles
POSIT IVECHARG E
PROT ONS
NEUT RALCHARG E
NEUT RONS
NUCLEUS
NEG AT IVE CHARG E
ELECT RONS
AT OM
Most of the atom’s mass.
NUCLEUS ELECTRONS
PROTONS NEUTRONS NEGATIVE CHARGE
POSITIVE CHARGE
NEUTRAL CHARGE
ATOM
QUARKSAtomic Numberequals the # of...
equal in a neutral atom
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Subatomic Particles (Parts of the Atom)
Particle Symbol Charge Relative Mass
Electron e- - 0 amu
Proton p+ + 1 amu
Neutron n0 0 1 amu
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Location of Subatomic Particles
Electron (-)
Nucleus
Proton (+)
Neutron
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Atoms Family Album
Click on the Light Bulb to See the Atoms Family Album
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Atoms are building blocks of
elements.
Each element is made of only
one type of atom.
Example: Aluminum is made
only of aluminum atoms.
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Each element’s atoms are
different from atoms of other
elements.
Example: Aluminum’s atoms are
different from copper’s atoms.
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Atomic Number
The number of protons in the atom. (If the atom is neutral, it is also the number
of electrons.)
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Atomic Number on the Periodic Table
6
CSymbol
Atomic Number
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All atoms of an element have the same number of protons!
6
CCarbon
6 protons
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Learning Check State the number of protons (or electrons) for atoms of each of the following:
1. Nitrogen A) 5 B) 7 C) 14
2. Sulfur A) 32 B) 16 C) 6
3. BariumA) 137 B) 81 C) 56
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Mass NumberCounts the number
of protons plus neutronsprotons plus neutrons
in an atom, so to find the number of neutrons you
simply use this formula:
Mass # - Atomic # = # of neutrons
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Atomic SymbolsShow the mass number and atomic number
Give the symbol of the element
6
C12Mass Number
Atomic Number
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Number of ElectronsAn atom is neutral The net charge is zeroNumber of protons = Number of electrons
Atomic number = Number of electrons
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Subatomic Particles in Some Atoms
8 15 30
O P Zn 16 31 65
8 p+ 15 p+ 30 p+
8 e- 15 e- 30 e-
8 n 16 n 35 n
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Drawing Atomic Models
The first electron shell/level/cloud can hold 2 electrons
The second electron shell/level/cloud can hold 8 electrons
The third electron shell/level/cloud can hold 18 electrons
The neutrons and protons are in the nucleus (center)
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Let’s draw a model for sodium (Na) How many protons
does it have?
• 6 (same as atomic number)
How many neutrons?
• 6 (atomic mass - atomic number = 12 - 6 = 6)
How many electrons?
• 6 (same as # of protons)
C6
12
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Where do we put this stuff?
6 protons, 6 neutrons, 6 electrons
Protons and neutrons go in the nucleus
Electrons go in the orbitals/shells/clouds
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e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
6 p+
6 n0
Protons and neutrons go in the nucleus
How many electrons fit in the first shell?How many electrons fit in the second shell?How many electrons fit in the third shell?
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Examples of 3-d Bohr Models
Visionlearning
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The Elements Song
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Lewis Dot Structure
C• •••
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What does this symbol mean?
CarbonDots tell you valence electrons
••C• •
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Valence Electrons?
C• •••
Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. They are involved in forming bonds with other elements.
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How do you figure out valence electrons?
C12
6Protons?
6 (same as atomic number)
Neutrons?
6 (atomic mass - atomic number)
Electrons?
6 (same as atomic number)
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So we know carbon has 6 electrons…now what?
6p+
6n
e-
e-
e-e-
e-
e-
How many are in the outermost shell?
The first shell holds 2.Now 4 are left.
They go in the second shell.
4!
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4 valence electrons=4 dots!
C• •••
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How to draw your dots…
•Cl• ••• ••
3
2
1
4
7
6
5
Chlorine has 7 valence electrons. First put dots on each side before you double up.
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An Easy Trick!
(1)5(1)4 (1)8(1)7(1)62 (1)31
Exception!
To figure out how many dots to draw
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If an element has a full outermost shell, that means it does not react with anything.
Ne• ••••
• ••
Which elements have full outermost shells?
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Now you try…1.Lithium
2.Nitrogen
3.Calcium
4.Oxygen
5.Fluorine
•
•
•
••N
•Li
•
• Ca•
•••
••O
••
•
••••F