Atm Tanks Ts

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29 Royal Road, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1H 1G2 Telephone:(519) 836-0500, Fax:(519) 837-3067, Website www.glegg.com

Technical Bullet in 6.01, Rev. 0December 1998

TM

GRD2000 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

ATMOSPHERIC TANKS

Atmospheric Tanks


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ATMOSPHERIC TANKS

Section aAtmospheric Polyethylene Tanks

Section bVertical Atmospheric FRP Tanks

Section c

Atmospheric Steel Tanks


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ATMOSPHERIC POLYETHYLENE TANKS

Table of Contents

1.0Scope

1.1 This specification covers vertical, open/closed top cylindrical, flat bottom tanksand open top rectangular molded in one-piece seamless construction byrotational molding. The tanks are designed for above-ground, verticalinstallation and are capable of containing chemicals at atmospheric pressure.Included are requirements for materials, properties, design, construction,dimensions, tolerances, workmanship and appearance.

1.2 This specification does not cover the design of vessels intended for use atpressures above or below atmospheric conditions. It is also not for vesselsintended for use with liquids heated above their flash points, temperaturesabove 60 C/140 F for Linear Medium Density Polyethylene (LMDPE) and Linear

High Density Polyethylene (LHDPE) materials.

2.0Materials

2.1 The materials used shall be virgin polyethylene resin as compounded andcertified by the manufacturer. LMDPE and LHDPE tanks shall be made fromlinear polyethylene resin.

2.2 All polyethylene resin materials shall contain a U.V. stabilizer, as compounded bythe resin manufacturer. Pigments may be added at the purchasers request, butshall not exceed 0.25% (dry blended) of the total weight.

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2.3 Mechanical Properties of LMDPE tank material:

Property ASTM Value

Density (Resin) D792 0.938 g/cm3

Tensile (Strength @ Yield) D638 3000 psi

% Elongation at Break D638 1000%

ESCR (100% lgepal, Cond. B, F50) D1693 >1000 hours

ESCR (10% lgepal, Cond. B, F50) D1693 30 hours

Vicat Softening Degrees F. Temperature D1525 2520F

Flexural Modulus D790 102,000 psi

2.4 Mechanical Properties of LHDPE tank material:

Property ASTM Value

Density (Resin) D4883 0.942 g/cm3

Tensile (Strength @ Yield) D638 2700 psi

% Elongation at Break D638 350%

ESCR (100% lgepal, Cond. B, F50) D1693 >1000 hours

ESCR (10% lgepal, Cond. B, F50) D1693 200 hours

Flexural Modulus D790 103,000 PSI

(ESCR) Envi ronmental St ress Crack Resistance

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3.0DesignRequirements

3.1 The minimum required wall thickness of the cylindrical shell at any fluid levelshall be determined by the following equation, but shall not be less than 0.187in. thick.

T = P x O.D./2 S.D. = (0.433 x S.G. x H) x O D/2 S.D.

T = wall thickness, in.

S.D. = hydrostatic design stress, psi

P = pressure (0.433 x S.G. x H), psi

H = fluid head, ft.

S.G. = specific gravity

O.D. = outside diameter, in.

3.1.1 The hydrostatic design stress shall be determined by multiplying thehydrostatic design basis, determined by ASTM D2837 using rotationallymolded samples, with a service factor selected for the application. Thehydrostatic design stress is 600 PSI at 73 F for Type I & II material.

3.1.2 The hydrostatic design stress shall be derated for elevated servicetemperatures and for mechanical loading of the tank.

3.2 The minimum required wall thickness for the cylinder straight shell must besufficient to support its own weight in an upright position without any externalsupport.

3.3 The tank is to be rotation-molded in one-piece seamless construction. Inner andouter surfaces of this tank shall be smooth.

3.4 All day tanks will be complete with:

Reinforced flat roof with manway.

Flat bottom.

Connections for fill, vent, overflow, drain, outlet and level switch.

Agitation mounting brackets (if required).

Metering pump stands (if required).

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4.0Dimensionsand Tolerances

4.1 All dimensions will be taken with the tank in the vertical position, unfilled. Tankdimensions will represent exterior measurements.

The tolerance for the outside diameter, including out of roundness, shall be perASTM D1988-91.

The tolerance for fitting placement shall be 1/8 in elevation and 1/8measured circumferentially at ambient temperature.

5.0

Test Methods

5.1 Leak Test

When requested, tanks will be tested for leaks by filling the tank with water tothe maximum liquid design level and inspected for leaks.

5.2 Visual and Tactile Inspection

The finished tank wall shall be translucent and free of visual defects such asforeign inclusions, air bubbles, pin holes, pimples, crazing, cracking anddelaminations that will impair the serviceability of the tank. Fine bubbles areacceptable with LHDPE tanks to the degree in which they do not interfere withproper fusion of the resin melt.

6.0Fabrication

6.1 Flat bottom tanks shall be fully supported. The bottom shall be flat and withoutany projections that will prevent uniform contact with the support surface whenthe tank is filled. The knuckle radius shall not be less than 1. The knucklethickness shall not be less than the nominal wall thickness.

6.2 The minimum nominal wall thickness shall not be less than 0.1875. Therequired minimum shell thickness shall be calculated by the method described in

paragraph 3.1 design requirements.

6.3 The nominal wall thickness for open top rectangular tanks shall not be less than0.1875. For tanks with capacities greater than 60 USG, support frames arerequired.

6.4 Two basic roof designs are acceptable, i.e. domed roof or ribbed roof. Theribbed roof design shall be complete with integrally molded ribs for rigidity. Thedome roof shall have inherent rigidity.

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6.5 Tank Fittings (Nozzles)

6.5.1 Fittings Threaded Bulkhead

Threaded bulkhead fittings will not be used for below liquid levelinstallation. Fittings shall not interfere with the tank knuckle radius. Tankwall thickness must be considered for bulkhead fitting placement.

When used, bulkhead fittings shall be constructed of PVC, PP or otherspecified materials. Gaskets shall be a minimum of 1/4 thickness andconstructed of EPDM, Viton or other specified material.

6.5.2 Fabricated Polyethylene Flange

Fabricated polyethylene flange fittings are required for below liquid levelinstallation for sizes above 2. Fittings must be placed away from thetank knuckle radius. All flanged nozzles shall be suitably supported withpolyethylene gussets. The flange fitting shall be fabricated and fused orwelded into the tank material. Gaskets shall be a minimum of 1/4thickness and constructed of EPDM, Viton or other specified material.

6.5.3 Fittings Polyethylene Boss (NPT)

All polyethylene (NPT) threaded boss fittings should be welded. Sizesrange from 1/2 to 6 NPS. They shall be nominally centered throughthe tank wall.

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6.6 Tank Attachments

6.6.1 Sight Level Gauge

Sight level gauges shall be incremental markings on the translucent wall.

6.6.2 Float Level Gauge

Float level gauges shall be constructed of a guided float on the inside ofthe tank connected to a weight indicator on the exterior of the tank. Theweighted indicator shall move inside a clear calibrated guide pipe. Thelevel gauge shall be connected to the tank at appropriate locations withfittings and supported along the tank sidewall with appropriate fittingsand stand-off connections.

The float level gauge rigid components shall be constructed of PVC orother specified material. Gaskets shall be constructed of EDPM, Viton orother specified material.

6.6.3 Manway and Fill Cap (Non-sealed)

A fill cap of vented-threaded style with a minimum opening diameter of6 in. will be provided in each tank with a welded cover.

An access manway shall be provided on all tanks with a welded cover.

All manways shall be constructed of polypropylene material.

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6.7 Tank Accessories

6.7.1 Tie Down Lugs

Four tie down lugs will be provided on all tanks as a minimum.

6.7.2 Flat Bottom Tank Stands

Flat bottom tank stands shall be constructed of mild steel deburred, andshall come complete with appropriate chemical resistant coating or asspecified on the data sheet.

6.7.3 Flat Sheet Covers

Flat sheet covers shall be fabricated from PE sheet with appropriatereinforcements.

Flat sheet covers shall be inset within the flange of open top tanks.

7.0Packaging/Shipping

All polyethylene tanks shall be packaged with a plastic stretch wrap.

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VERTICAL ATMOSPHERIC FRP TANKS

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Sect ion b Page

1.0 Scope 2

2.0 References 2

3.0 Design 33.1 General 3

3.2 Loads 63.3 Roof 73.4 Bottom 83.5 Cylindrical Shell 93.6 Circumferential J oints 93.7 Nozzles 93.8 Manways 113.9 Vents and Overflow Connections 113.10 Support and Hold Down Lugs 123.11 Internal Attachments 123.12 External Attachments 123.13 Lifting Lugs 12

4.0 Materials of Construct ion 134.1 Resin 134.2 Reinforcement 134.3 Fasteners 144.4 Gaskets 14

5.0 Post Curing and Cleaning 15

6.0 Inspect ion, Examinat ion and Test ing 156.1 Destructive (DE) and Non-Destructive Examination (NDE) 156.2 Leak Test 156.3 Dimensional Inspection 15

7.0 Nameplat e 16

8.0 Documentat ion 16

9.0 Shipping 16

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1.0Scope

This specification establishes the minimum requirements for the design,materials, fabrication, testing and inspection for vertical, cylindrical, aboveground FRP tanks whose entire bottom is uniformly supported.

2.0References

The latest editions or revisions of the following references are part ofthisspecification.

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)B1.1 Unified Inch Screw ThreadsB1.20.1 Pipe Threads

B16.5 Pipe Flanges & Flanged FittingsB16.21 Non-Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe FlangesB18.2.1 Square & Hex Bolts & ScrewsB18.2.2 Square & Hex Nuts

Amer ican Society o f Mechanical Engineers (ASME)Section X Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels

Amer ican Society for Test ing and M ater ials (ASTM)

C582 Contact Molded Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Laminates forCorrosion Resistant Equipment

D2583 Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barcollmpressor

D2584 Standard Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured ReinforcedResins

D3299 Filament Wound Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoset ResinChemical Resistant Tanks

D4097 Contact-Molded Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermoset ResinChemical Resistant Tanks

E1067 Acoustic Emission Examination of Fiberglass Reinforced PlasticResin Tanks/Vessels

Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS)

SP25 Standard Marking Systems for Valves, Fittings, Flanges & Unions

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3.0Design

3.1 General

3.1.1 All storage tanks shall have:

Domed (flanged and dished) or reinforced flat roof.

Flat bottom.

Access manways.

Connections for fill, outlet, vent, overflow, drain and level transmitters.

Lifting lugs.

Anchor bolt saddles.

Caustic storage tanks will have connections for electric immersionheaters, temperature transmitters and thermostat controller.

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Figur e 1-1: FRP Storage Tank


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3.1.2 RO-CIP tanks shall have:

Reinforced flat roof complete with access manway.

Internally sloped and reinforced flat bottom to enable total drainage.

Fill, recycle, overflow, drain, level and temperature switch connections.

Electric immersion heater connection.

Lifting lugs.


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Figure 1-2: RO-CIP Tank


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3.1.3 Resin maintenance tanks for packed bed ion exchangers shall have:

Open top.

Internally sloped and reinforced flat bottom to enable complete resintransfer.

Backwash inlet and outlet connections.

Resin inlet and outlet connections.

Lifting lugs.


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Figure 1-3: Resin Maintenance Tank for Packed Bed Ion Exchangers


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3.1.4 All chemical day tanks shall be complete with:

Reinforced flat roof.

Flat bottom.

Access manway.

Fill, outlet, vent, overflow,drain, and level switch connections.

Lifting lugs.

Anchor bolt saddles .

Day tanks for caustic service shall be complete with additionalconnections for electric immersion heaters, temperature indicators andcontrollers.

3.1.5 The outer surface of all tanks shall be relatively smooth and no glass fibersshall be exposed. On custom contact-molded tanks the final ply shall bemat or spray up. All cut edges exposed to the chemical environment shallbe coated with resin. The resin shall be suitable for the service and shallcontain paraffin to ensure adequate surface cure.

3.1.6 Tanks shall comply with ASTM D3299 for filament wound construction andASTM D4097 for contact moldedconstruction.

3.2 Loads

3.2.1 The maximum diameter of a vertical storage tank shall be limited to 14 feetand the maximum straight shell height shall be limited to 25 feet. Tanks shallbe designed for the maximum depth of liquid taking into consideration thespecific gravity of the liquid. The minimum allowable thickness of the roof,bottom or shell shall be 1/4. The minimum design temperature shall be 20F and the maximum operating temperature shall not exceed the resinmanufacturers recommended temperatures.

3.2.2 Wind load calculations shall be based on the appropriate standard foroutside applications with the speed as determined by the geographiclocation. Seismic design shall be based on the appropriate standard as

determined by the geographic location.

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3.3 Roof

There are two basic roof designs that are acceptable. Dome (flanged anddished) Roof Design and Flat Roof Design. The domed roof design shall complywith dimensional requirements of an ASME flanged and dished head. Thecircular flat roof design shall be complete with structural rib-type supports forrigidity. The roof shall be designed to support the dead load plus a live load of250 lb. on a 4 by 4 area without damage and with a maximum deflection of1/2% of the tank diameter at the area the load is applied. The minimum nominalthickness shall not be less than 1/4.

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Figure 1-4: Flat Tank Roof and Dome Tank Roof

Flat Top Dome


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3.4 Bottom

The bottom of the tank shall be fully supported. The bottom shall be a circularinternally sloped or flat design, as specified or required by application, withinternal structural supports for rigidity if required. The minimum nominalthickness shall not be less than 1/4. The bottom may be molded integrally withthe straight shell or separately with a minimum straight flange length of 8 forcontact molded tanks and 4 for filament-wound tanks. The minimum knuckleradius of the bottom shall not be less than 1 1/2. The thickness of the knuckleshall not be less than the combined thickness of the tank shell and the bottom.

The knuckle shall be reinforced such that the reinforcement will taper so that itdoes not extend beyond the tangent of the bottom of the tank and extends aminimum of 12 up the vertical tank wall. The bottom shall be flat and withoutany projections that will prevent uniform contact with the support surface whenthe tank is filled with liquid.

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Figure 1-5: Tank Bott om


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3.5 Cylindrical Shell

The minimum nominal thickness shall not be less than 1/4. The requiredminimum shell thickness shall be calculated by the method described inparagraph 6.1 of D4097 for contact molded tanks and paragraph 6.1 of D3299for filament wound tanks. When a tank is fabricated using the contact-moldedprocedure the allowable hoop tensile stress shall not exceed 0.10 of the ultimatehoop strength. When a tank is fabricated using the filament wound procedurethe allowable strain of the tank shall not exceed 0.0010 in./in. at 70 F.

3.6 Circumferential J oints

The joints between tank wall sections, when filament-wound, shall be overwoundto a thickness as calculated by paragraph 6.1 of D3299. The thickness of the

joints between tank wall sections, when contact-molded shall be calculated byparagraph 6.1 of D4097. The minimum width of the joint overlay shall not beless than that shown in Table 2 of D4097. The corrosion resistant barriercomponent of the joint shall not be less than 4" wide and shall not contribute tothe structural strength when calculating the joint thickness.

3.7 Nozzles

3.7.1 Flanged nozzle connections shall be fabricated by using contact-moldedpipe, filament-wound pipe or centrifugally cast pipe joined to contactmolded or filament-wound flanges. The common method is the use ofcontact-molded pipe and flanges. The corrosion-resistant barrier shall be atleast equivalent to the inner surface and inner layer of the tank.

3.7.2 All openings in the tank wall shall be reinforced in accordance with ASMESection X, Article RD-6 and Appendix AA-4. The reinforcement pad shallconsist of plies of mat.

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3.7.3 All nozzles 4 and larger shall be suitably supported with plate type orconical gussets. Plate type gussets shall be evenly spaced around the nozzle

and shall be installed after complete assembly of the nozzle to the tank.

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3.7.4 All flange bolt holes shall straddle the natural tank centerlines unlessotherwise noted on the drawing. Overall machining of the backs of the

flanges shall not be permitted. The back of the flanges shall be spot-facedin accordance with ANSI B27.2 for type A washers.

Figure 1-6: Drawing of Nozzle

Figure 1-7: Drawing of Bolt Flange


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3.8 Manways

All tanks shall be complete with a 24 circular manway in the roof. Wherespecified on large storage tanks, there shall be an additional 24 circularmanway in the cylindrical shell, the center of which shall be 24 from the bottomof the tank. The manway covers shall be complete with handles. The minimumnominal thickness for the neck and flanges shall be in compliance with Table 3 ofD4097 and shall not be less than 1/4.

3.9 Vent and Overflow Connections

All tanks shall be complete with individual vent and overflow connections or acombined vent-overflow connection. The connection(s) shall be suitably sized toensure that the tank cannot be overpressurized either by a positive or negativeinternal pressure.

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Figure 1-8: Vent and Overf low on Tank

Overflow

Vent


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3.10 Support and Hold Down Lugs

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The tank shall be uniformly supported on the flat bottom. The hold down lugsshall be positioned so that they do not protrude beyond the bottom of the tank.

There shall be a minimum of four lugs on small tanks that are less than 15'-0 tall

and they shall be equally spaced around the tank. All other tanks shall have aminimum of eight lugs and they shall be equally spaced around the tank. Theyshall be suitably designed to accommodate the maximum deflection andwithstand all loads as defined above.

3.11 Internal Attachments

All internal brackets shall be attached to the tank and suitably reinforced towithstand the operating and dead loads. The corrosion-resistant barrier shall beat least equivalent to the inner surface and inner layer of the tank.

3.12 External Attachments

All brackets shall be attached to the tank and suitably reinforced to withstand theoperating and dead loads.

3.13 Lifting Lugs

Two lifting lugs shall be provided on the upper side shell or the roof of the tank,equally spaced at 180 intervals, and one lifting lug shall be provided on thelower side shell of the tank. They shall be suitable for handling the tank forinstallation.

Figure 1-9: Suppor t and Hold Down Lugs


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4.0Materials ofConstruction

4.1 Resin

The resin used shall be a corrosion-resistant thermoset type. It shall be ofsuitable chemical resistance as determined by C581 or by previous documentedservice. The resin shall not contain any fillers, pigments, dyes or colorants unlessspecified for the service. When specified, a thixotropic agent, not to exceed 5%by weight, may be used for viscosity control in the paraffinated top coat onvertical surfaces provided it will not interfere with inspection. An ultravioletabsorber shall be added to the final exterior resin coat for all tanks that will beinstalled outdoors. The type of resin used shall be suitable for the service as

defined below:

Raw Water Isophthalic Polyester or VinylesterDemineralized Water lsophthalic Polyester or VinylesterSodium Hydroxide (50%) VinylesterSodium Chloride (26%) lsophthalic Polyester or VinylesterHydrochloric Acid VinylesterSulfuric Acid Vinylester

4.2 Reinforcement

4.2.1 The reinforcement used for the inner surface shall be a commercial gradechemical resistant glass surface mat such as 12 to 16 mils thick Nexus

surfacing veil Style 100-10 Aperturned 1.3 oz./sq. ft. Dacron polyester fiber.The inner surface shall be resin rich and shall be 0.020 to 0.035" thick. Theinterior layer shall be applied in a minimum of two passes of chopped strandroving, minimum length 0.5 and maximum length 2.0, equivalent to a totalof 3 oz./sq. ft. using automatic fabrication equipment. The deposition of thechopped strand roving shall be displayed on an indicator to verify the use ofraw materials. Each pass of chopped roving shall be well rolled prior to theapplication of additional reinforcement. The total thickness of the innersurface and the interior layer shall not be less than 0.1. The resin content ofthe interior layer shall be 70% 5% by weight.

4.2.2 The structural portion of contact-molded tanks and the contact moldedportions of filament-wound tanks shall consist of alternating plies ofcontinuous roving and 3 oz./sq. ft. chopped roving or 1.3 oz./sq. ft. choppedstrand mat to obtain the required thickness. Each pass shall be well rolledprior to the application of additional reinforcement.

4.2.3 The structural portion of filament-wound tanks shall use continuous windingglass for hoop properties and unidirectional glass (oriented in the axialdirection) as required for higher axial properties interspersed withautomatically applied chopped glass and resin. The resin to glass contentshall be 50:50 5% by weight.

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4.3 Fasteners

The following bolting materials shall be used:

External flanged connections: ASTM SA307 GRADE B electroplatedzinc hex head cap screw or continuouslythreaded stud and ASTM SA563GRADE A electroplated zinc hex nuts.

Internal connections: ASTM F593 GRADE 316 hex headcontinuously threaded stud and ASTMF594 GRADE 316 hex nuts.

Should the service require the application of Carpenter 20 or Hastelloy C276 thefollowing bolting material shall be used;

Carpenter 20:Studs ASTM SB473 GRADE 20 CBNuts ASTM SB473 GRADE 20 CB

Hastelloy C:Studs ASTM SB574 GRADE C276Nuts ASTM SB574 GRADE C276

4.4 Gaskets

Unless otherwise noted all gaskets shall be fabricated from ethylene propylene

(EPDM). Full-faced gaskets shall be used on flat-faced flanges. All gaskets shallbe 1/8 thick. The pressure rating of the gasket shall match that of the adjoiningflange.

All gaskets in sulfuric acid service shall be Teflon and shall otherwise conform tothe above paragraph. Gaskets for hydrochloric acid service38% and70

oF

shall be EDPM, at higher temperatures Viton shall be used.

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5.0Post Curingand Cleaning

When post curing of the inner corrosion liner is required it shall consist ofheating with dry heat only. The recommended curing times and temperaturesare listed below

two (2) hours at 200 F.

four (4) hours at 180 F.

sixteen (16) hours at 160 F.

Prior to inspection, all dirt and extraneous material shall be removed from the

tank interior. All surface markings, coatings and contaminants shall be removedprior to inspection.

6.0Inspection,Examinationand Testing

6.1 Destructive (DE) and Non-Destructive Examination (NDE)

6.1.1 All DE and NDE shall be in accordance with D4097 Section 11 for contact-molded tanks and D3299 for filament wound tanks.

6.1.2 Imbedded particles, star cracks and crazing will not be allowed. They mustbe ground out and repaired with a paraffinated resin.

6.1.3 Air entrainment will not be allowed in the inner corrosion-resistant layer. Airentrainment at any other location must not exceed 1/2 in diameter andmust not be widespread.

6.1.4 The number of pits in any square foot of surface shall not exceed two (2).Pits must be smaller than 1/8 in diameter and less than 1/32 deep.

6.2 Leak Test

When requested all tanks shall be tested for leaks by filling the tank with water to

the maximum liquid design level and inspected for leaks. An alternate method islow pressure air (5 psig) and a soap solution.

6.3 Dimensional Inspection

Each tank shall be inspected to ensure that all dimensions have been held withintolerance.

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7.0Nameplate

Each tank shall be complete with a nameplate. The nameplate shall befabricated from a non-corrosive metal and shall be permanently attached to abracket on the tank. The bracket shall be located 12 above the lower manwayflange. The bracket shall provide for a 2 1/2 standoff from the outside of thetank. The nameplate shall be stamped, engraved, etched or embossed with thefollowing information:

Manufacturer, Year Completed, Equipment Number, Manufacturer SerialNumber, Resin, Nominal Diameter, Nominal Height, Nominal Capacity, ChemicalEnvironment, Design Specific Gravity, Maximum Operating Temperature and thewords Pressure - Atmospheric.

8.0Documentation

A data book shall be prepared for each tank. It shall contain as a minimum thefollowing:

A quality control check list travel sheet.

A nameplate rubbing.

All test results.

9.0

Shipping FRP tanks shall not be shipped by rail. Cylindrical tanks shipped in the horizontalposition shall be blocked to prevent shifting. Preferably the tanks shall beshipped in padded craddles. Tanks should be loaded to provide a minimum of2" clearance between the tank and the trailer bed. When a tank is shipped inthe vertical position it shall be securely fastened to a pallet or skid.

Flange faces shall be protected from damage by a cover firmly attached to thetank flange.

All openings shall be closed to prevent the ingress of any foreign material.

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ATMOSPHERIC STEEL TANKS

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Sect ion c Page

1.0 Scope 3

2.0 References 3

3.0 Design 43.1 General 43.2 Loads 83.3 2:1 Semi-Elliptical Heads 83.4 Cylindrical Shell 83.5 Longitudinal and Circumferential J oints 83.6 Nozzles 93.7 Manways 93.8 Support Saddles for Horizontal Tanks 93.9 Internal Attachments 103.10 External Attachments 103.11 Lifting Lugs 103.12 Tolerances 10

4.0 Materials of Construct ion 11

4.1 General 114.2 Heads 114.3 Cylindrical Shell 114.4 Nozzles 114.5 Manways 124.6 Supports 124.7 Internal Attachments 124.8 External Attachments 124.9 Lifting Lugs 124.10 Fasteners 124.11 Gaskets 13

5.0 Fabricat ion 135.1 Weld Procedures and Qualifications 135.2 Cleaning, Surface Preparation and Cleanliness 135.3 Filler Metal 145.4 Pre-Heat and Post-Weld Heat Treatment 145.5 Nameplate 145.6 Documentation 14

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6.0 Inspect ion, Examinat ion and Test ing 156.1 Non-Destructive Examination (NDE) 156.2 Leak Test 156.3 Special Pressure Tests 156.4 Dimensional Inspection 15

7.0 Preparation for Lining and Painting 15

Appendix A Service Notes and Recommendations 16

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Sect ion c Page

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1.0Scope

This specification establishes the minimum requirements for the mechanicaldesign, materials, fabrication, and inspection for cylindrical, above ground,welded steel tanks, including vertical and horizontal storage tanks, day tanks,gravity filters and clarifiers.

2.0References

The latest editions or revisions of the following references are part of thisspecification

Amer ican Society o f Mechanical Engineers (ASME)Section II Material Specification

Section V Non-Destructive ExaminationSection VIII Division 1 Pressure VesselsSection IX Welding & Brazing Qualifications

American National Standards Institute (ANSI)B1.1 Unified Inch Screw ThreadsB1.20.1 Pipe ThreadsB16.5 Pipe Flanges & Flanged FittingsB16.9 Steel Butt-Welding FittingsB16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket-Welding & ThreadedB16.21 Non-Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe FlangesB18.2.1 Square & Hex Bolts & ScrewsB18.2.2 Square & Hex NutsB36.10 Welded & Seamless Wrought Steel PipeB36.19 Stainless Steel Pipe

Manufacturers Standardization Society (MSS)SP25 Standard Marking Systems For Valves, Fittings, Flanges & UnionsSP43 Wrought Stainless Steel Butt-Welding FittingsSP44 Steel Pipe Line Flanges

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3.0Design

3.1 General

3.1.1 All storage tanks shall be complete with:

Access manway(s).

Connections for fill, outlet, drain, vent, overflow, level transmitter andlevel switch. One spare connection shall also be provided.

Caustic storage tanks shall have connections for immersion heater(s) andtemperature transmitters and/or switches in addition to those mentionedabove. Insulation supports shall also be provided.

Lifting lugs.

3.1.2 All horizontal storage tanks shall have (in addition to paragraph 3.1.1):

ASME 2:1 semi-elliptical heads.

Two support saddles.

Maximum diameter of 14-0 and maximum straight shell of 25-0.

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Figure 1-10: Support Saddles on Horizont al Tanks


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3.1.3 All vertical storage tanks shall have (in addition to paragraph 3.1.1):

Flat reinforced top.

Flat reinforced bottom.

Maximum diameter of 14-0 and a maximum straight shell of 25-0.

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Figure 1-11: St raight Shell Height and Diameter of Vert ical Tank


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3.2 Loads

3.2.1 Tanks shall be designed for the maximum depth of liquid taking intoconsideration the specific gravity of the liquid with a joint efficiency of 0.7and an allowable stress of 17,500 psi. The minimum design metaltemperature shall be 20 F and the maximum operating temperature shall belimited to 200 F.

3.2.2 Wind load calculations shall be based on the appropriate standard for a basewind speed for the geographic region and seismic design shall be based onthe standard as appropriate for the geographic region.

3.3 2:1 Semi-elliptical Heads

The minimum nominal plate thickness exclusive of any corrosion allowance shallnot be less than 1/4. The heads shall be in accordance with ASME Section VIII,Division 1. The heads shall be fabricated from a minimum number of piecesbutt-welded together with full penetration welds


The minimum nominal plate thickness exclusive of any corrosion allowance shallnot be less than 1/4". The required minimum shell thickness shall be inaccordance with API650.

3.5 Longitudinal and Circumferential Joints

3.5.1 Longitudinal joints shall not be located where an obstruction may interferewith proper inspection of the weld. These welds shall be full-penetrationbutt joints. Longitudinal joints in adjacent shell courses shall not be aligned.

They shall be offset a minimum of 5t where t is the shell plate thickness.

3.5.2 Circumferential joints in adjacent shells shall be full-penetration butt joints.

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3.6 Nozzles

3.6.1 Flanged nozzles shall be fabricated from sch 80 pipe with 150 lb. slip-onflanges. Flange pad type nozzles shall be fabricated from plate.

3.6.2 Nozzles shall not be located in longitudinal or circumferential welds.Preferably there will be a minimum of 2 between attachment welds. Allnozzles shall be attached by welding completely through the total thicknessof the tank wall including any reinforcing pad which may be used.

3.6.3 Reinforcing pads shall be used as required. All reinforcing pads shall beprovided with a 1/4" NPT tapped hole.

3.6.4 In general flanged nozzles shall project 6 from the outside surface of thetank wall.

3.6.5 All flange bolt holes shall straddle the natural tank centerlines unlessotherwise noted on the drawing.

3.7 Manways

In all large vertical storage tanks there shall be one manway in the top cover andone manway in the lower-sided shell. In all horizontal tanks there shall be onemanway in the top of the cylindrical shell. All day tanks shall have an 18 x 18rectangular access manway in the top head. The manway cover shall becomplete with handles.

The nominal plate thickness for the neck, flange and cover shall not be less than1/4.

3.8 Support Saddles for Horizontal Tanks

3.8.1 The tank shall be supported on two saddles. Saddle design shall be basedon L. P. Zicks analysis as detailed in the Pressure Vessel Handbook. Thefollowing design conditions apply:

The centerlines of the saddles are located R/2 from the head tangentlines, where R is the tank radius.

The wear plate extends R/10 above the horn of the saddle.

The wear plate width is equal to the width of the saddle plus 1.5 (Rt)0.5,where t is the thickness of the shell plate excluding the corrosionallowance.

3.8.2 Each saddle shall consist of a wear plate, a base plate, a web and stiffenerribs. One base plate shall have two anchor bolt holes and the other shallhave anchor bolt slots to allow for thermal expansion and contraction.

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All internal brackets shall be attached with continuous welds. It is preferable toavoid covering shell weld seams.


All brackets shall be attached to the tank with continuous welds. Skip welding ispermitted on insulation support rings only.

3.11 Lifting Lugs

Vertical tanks will have four (4) lifting lugs equally spaced at the top of the tankon the shell. Two lifting lugs shall be provided on the top side of the cylindrical

shell on horizontal tanks, one at each end of the tank. They shall be suitable forhandling the tank for installation.

3.12 Tolerances

Parameter Tolerance

Diameter 1/2

Tan to tan 3/8

Overall height 3/8

Out of roundness Maximum 1%

Elevation of connections and attachments 1/8 from externaldatum

Orientation of connections and attachments 1/8 measuredcircumferentially

Attitude of connections and attachments Nil true in two (2) planes

Size of connections and attachments Nil to be as per drawing

Elevation of internal clips 1/8 from internaldatum

Orientation of internal clips 1/8 measuredcircumferentially

Size of internal clips and fittings 1/8 (N/A to boltholes)

Radial dimensions of head connections 1/8and attachments

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4.0Materials ofConstruction

4.1 General

All steel shall conform to the chemical and mechanical requirements ofreferenced material specifications.

All components shall conform dimensionally with the relevant ANSI Standard.

4.2 Heads

All heads shall be fabricated from ASTM SA285 GRADE C or SA516 GRADE 70

carbon steel plate. Plates over 1 nominal thickness shall be normalized.

Preferably heads shall be of one-piece construction. Heads that are of two- (ormore) piece construction shall be butt-welded with full penetration welds.


All shells shall be fabricated from ASTM SA285 GRADE C or SA516 GRADE 70carbon steel plate. Plates over 1 nominal thickness shall be normalized.

Shells that are of two- (or more) piece construction shall be butt-welded with fullpenetration welds.

4.4 Nozzles

4.4.1 Flanged Nozzles: Flanged nozzles shall be fabricated from ASTM SA53GRADE B seamless black carbon steel pipe or ASTM SA106 GRADE Bseamless black carbon steel pipe and ASTM SA105 forged carbon steelflanges.

The minimum wall thickness of the pipe shall conform to sch 80 and theflanges shall be 150 lb. slip-on.

4.4.2 Flange Pad Type Nozzles: Flange pad type nozzles shall be fabricated fromASTM SA516 GRADE 70 carbon steel plate. Plates over 1 nominalthickness shall be normalized.

4.4.3 Reinforcing Pads: In the event that additional reinforcement is required areinforcing pad shall be welded to the exterior of the tank and shall be of thesame material as the tank shell.

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4.5 Manways

The manway neck, flange and cover shall be fabricated from ASTM SA285GRADE C or SA516 GRADE 70 carbon steel plate. Plates over 1 nominalthickness shall be normalized.

4.6 Supports

The wear plate, base plate, web and ribs shall be fabricated from ASTM SA285GRADE C or SA516 GRADE 70 carbon steel plate. Plates over 1 nominalthickness shall be normalized.


The internal attachments shall be fabricated from CSA G40.21 GRADE 44W orASTM SA36 flat bar, angle, channel or wide flange beam.


The external attachments shall be fabricated from CSA G40.21 GRADE 44W orASTM SA36 flat bar, angle, channel or wide flange beam.

4.9 Lifting Lugs

The lifting lugs shall be fabricated from ASTM SA36 flat bar.

4.10 Fasteners

The following bolting materials shall be used;

External flanged connections: ASTM SA307 GRADE B electroplated zinc hexhead cap screw or continuously threaded stud and ASTM SA563 GRADE Aelectroplated zinc hex nuts.

Internal connections: Unless otherwise noted the following bolting materials shallbe used; ASTM F593 GRADE 316 hex head continuously threaded stud andASTM F594 GRADE 316 hex nuts.

Should the internals be fabricated of Carpenter 20 or Hastelloy C276 thefollowing bolting material shall be used:

Carpenter 20:Studs ASTM SB473 GRADE 20 CBNuts ASTM SB473 GRADE 20 CBHastelloy C:Studs ASTM SB574 GRADE C276Nuts ASTM SB574 GRADE C276

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4.11 Gaskets

Gaskets for hydrochloric acid service38% and100 F shall be EPDM. Athigher temperatures, Viton shall be used. Gaskets for concentrated sulfuric acidservice shall be fabricated fromTeflon. Unless otherwise noted all other gasketsshall be fabricated from ethylene propylene (EPDM). Full faced gaskets shall beused on flat face flanges and ring gaskets shall be used on raised face flanges.All gaskets shall be 1/8 thick. The pressure rating of the gasket shall match thatof the adjoining flange.

5.0Fabrication

5.1 Weld Procedures and Qualifications

5.1.1 The following welding processes are acceptable:

Submerged Arc Welding (SAW).

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW).

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) with an inert shielding gas.

Gas Metal-Arc Welding (GMAW) with an inert shielding gas. The GMAWprocess is not to be used for any root passes.

5.1.2 All welding shall be performed by qualified welders using qualified weldingprocedures. Welders, welding operators and welding procedures shall be

qualified in accordance with ASME Section IX.

5.1.3 Welding procedure specifications (WPS) and procedure qualifications (PQR)shall be available for review upon request.

5.2 Cleaning, Surface Preparation and Cleanliness

5.2.1 All surfaces to be welded shall be cleaned and free of moisture, paint, oil,grease, rust, scale or other material that would be detrimental to either theweld or base metal under welding conditions. Each layer of weld metal ofmultipass welding shall be thoroughly cleaned of slag and other depositsbefore applying the next pass. Peening is not permitted.

Double-welded groove welds shall have their root passes back-gouged tosound metal on the reverse side before proceeding with the weld on thatside.

5.2.2 Surface preparation for welds is acceptable only if the surface is reasonablysmooth and true and all slag is cleaned from flame-cut surfaces. Takesuitable precaution to protect cleaned surfaces from contamination aftercleaning until welding is complete.

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6.0Inspection,Examinationand Testing

6.1 Non-Destructive Examination (NDE)

All NDE shall be in accordance with the applicable ASME codes. After allwelding and stress relief, but prior to the leak test, all welds shall be visuallyinspected and either magnetic particle or liquid penetrant examined.Radiography shall not be required because a joint efficiency of 0.7 has beenemployed.

6.2 Leak Test

The longitudinal and circumferential weld joints shall be tested by one of thefollowing methods. The fabricator has the option to select which option will beused.

Fill the tank with water to the maximum liquid level and inspect for leaks.

Apply internal low pressure air (5 psig maximum) and soap test the weldjoints.

6.3 Special Pressure Tests

All reinforcing pads shall be tested with air at 15 psig. After the test the ventholes shall be filled with stiff grease.

6.4 Dimensional Inspection

Each tank shall be inspected to ensure that all dimensions have been held withintolerance.

7.0Preparationfor Liningand Painting

All tank surfaces shall be cleaned to remove loose scale, rust, grease, dirt, weldspatter and other foreign matter. All welds must be smooth with no porosity,

holes, high spots, lumps or pockets. All corners and all weld seams are to beground to a minimum radius of 1/8".

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Appendix AService Notes andRecommendations

50% SodiumHydroxide(Caust ic Soda)

Materials of Construction:

Unlined carbon steel tanks are not recommended for this application since it canlend to iron fouling of anion resin. If used however, they will have a corrosionrate of less than 20 mpy up to an operating temperature of 150 F. All welds andbends in carbon steel operating at temperatures in excess of 118 F should bestress relieved to prevent stress corrosion cracking. Post-weld heat treatmentcan be performed, to relieve the stress induced by forming and welding, byheating the tank to between 1100 and 1200 F for 1 hour/inch of thickness (1hour minimum) and cooling slowly.

Grade 316 stainless steel has a corrosion rate of less than 2 mpy at operatingtemperatures less than 150 F. The corrosion rate for 904L stainless steel atoperating temperatures less than 250 F is less than 2 mpy. These materials aresubject to intergranular corrosion as a result of chromium rich carbideprecipitation that forms in the heat affected zone of weld joints. This can beovercome or prevented by post-weld solution annealing (heat to 1800 F quickly)or by using an extra low carbon content grade of stainless.

Natural rubber (isoprene), Butyl rubber and Ethylene-Propylene-DieneTerpolymer (EPDM) exhibit little or no detrimental effects up to 100 F. All ofthese materials are suitable for gaskets.

Fluorocarbons (FEP, TFE), Chlorinated Polyvinylchloride (CPVC), Polypropylene(PPL) and Polyvinylchloride (PVC) are acceptable materials in service up to 150 F.

The recommended tank lining is epoxy polyamide, 8 to 10 mils DFT (Plasite7133). Semi hard natural rubber can be used in service up to 100 F.

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93% SulfuricAcid


Unlined carbon steel tanks are not recommended for this application due toformation of hydrogen gas and potential for explosion. If used, they will have acorrosion rate of less than 20 mpy up to an operating temperature of 100 F.

Grade 316 stainless steel at an operating temperature of 100 F has a corrosionrate in excess of 50 mpy. The corrosion rate for Carpenter 20 (20Cr 3ONi) andHastelloy B (62Ni 28Mo) at operating temperatures up to 165 F is less than 20mpy.

Teflon exhibits little or no detrimental effects. This material is suitable for

gaskets.

Chlorinated Polyvinylchloride (CPVC) is acceptable in service up to 70 F andPTFE is acceptable in service up to 100

oFahrenheit.

An acceptable tank lining is baked phenolic, 6 to 8 mils DFT (Heresite P403) inservice up to 100

oFahrenheit.

35%HydrochloricAcid


Unlined carbon steel tanks are NOT acceptable in this application.

The corrosion rate for Hastelloy B (62Ni 28Mo) at operating temperatures lessthan 100

oFahrenheit is less than 2 mpy. The corrosion rate of this material at

operating temperatures of 150 F increases to 20 mpy.

Fluoroelastomer (FPM, Viton), Butyl rubber, Ethylene-Propylene-DieneTerpolymer (EPDM) and Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSM, Hypalon) exhibitlittle or no detrimental effects up to 100 F. These materials are suitable forgaskets.

Fluorocarbons (FEP, TFE), Chlorinated Polyvinylchloride (CPVC), Polypropylene

(PPL) and Polyvinylchloride (PVC) are acceptable materials in service up to 100 F.

An acceptable tank lining is semi-hard natural rubber in service up to 100 F.

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26% SodiumChloride


Unlined carbon steel tanks with a corrosion rate in excess of 50 mpy are NOTrecommended in this application.

Grade 316 stainless steel at this temperature has a corrosion of rate less than 20mpy up to operating temperatures of 200 F, however, it is subject to severepitting and stress corrosion cracking. The corrosion rate for Copper, Brass,Bronze and Carpenter 20 (20Cr 30Ni) is less than 20 mpy up to operatingtemperatures of 150 F. The corrosion rate for Hastelloy C276 (57Ni 16Cr 16Mo)and lnconel 600 (76Ni 16Cr 7Mo) at operating temperatures up to 200 F is lessthan 2 mpy.

Natural rubber (Isoprene), Styrene Butadiene rubber (GRS), Fluoroelastomer(FPM, Viton), Acrylonitrile Butadiene (Nitrile), Chloroprene (Neoprene), Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Terpolymer (EPDM) and Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSM,Hypalon) exhibit little or no detrimental effects up to 100 F. These materials aresuitable for gaskets.

Fluorocarbons (FEP, TFE), Chlorinated Polyvinylchloride (CPVC), Polypropylene(PPL) and Polyvinylchloride (PVC) are acceptable in service up to 150 F.

Acceptable tank linings are epoxy polyamide, 8 to 10 mils DFT (Plasite 7133) andsemi-hard natural rubber in service up to 100 F.

Gravit y FiltersandClarifiers

Materials of Construction

Various linings/coatings are used for corrosion protection of this equipment, forexample, galvanizing, coal tar epoxy, and epoxy polyamide. For actual coatingrequired, refer to the unit data sheet contained in the system specification.

Atm Tanks Ts

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