Asymptomatic hyperuricemia: Treat or Not
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Asymptomatic HyperuricemiaTreat or Not
By
Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Abd El Wahab
Director of Critical Care and Convalescence Hospital
Lecturer of internal medicine (Nephrology)Mansoura school of Medicine
Uric acid day-Tanta 24/12/2015
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Physiology• Uric acid is a weak acid trioxypurine (M.W. 168) that
is composed of a pyrimidine and imidazole substructure with oxygen molecules, which is produced primarily in the liver, muscle, and intestine.
• The immediate precursor of uric acid is xanthine, which is degraded into uric acid by xanthine oxido-reductase.
• Both exogenous (present in fatty meat, organ meats, and seafood) and endogenous purines are major sources of xanthine and uric acid in humans.
• Fructose, such as from added sugars and fruits, is another major source of uric acid.
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Contd.,
• Approximately two thirds of total body urate is produced endogenously, while the remaining one third is accounted for by dietary purines.
• The primary site of excretion of uric acid is the kidney. The normal urinary
• urate excretion in the range of 250 to 750 mg per day, approximately 70% of the daily urate production.
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Contd,.• The classic paradigm of uric acid excretion consists of a
four-step model with filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and postsecretory reabsorption; the latter three processes occur in PCT.
• More recently emphasis has focused on the role of specfic transporters, such as URAT1, SLC2A9, and others.
• The fractional urate excretion is only 8% to 10% due to reabsorption in PCT.
• Some adaptation occurs with renal disease, in which the fractional excretion of urate will increase to the 10% to 20%. The remainder of uric acid excretion occurs through the gut, where uric acid is degraded by uricolytic bacteria.
• The gastrointestinal tract may eliminate up to one-third of the daily uric acid load in the setting of CKD.
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Why should we treat?
• Acute HU nephropathy (TLS, mechanical obstruction of tubules)
• Uric acid nephrolithiasis (5-10% of renal stones, acidic urine)
• HU after renal Tx
• Chronic gouty nephropathy??????
• CV affliction
• Insulin resistance and DN
• HTN
• Inflammation
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Pathophysiology
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Evidence
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• Marker in subtle renal injury
• Risk factor in early CKD(1,2) not late CKD(3-5)
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Renal Tx
• Evidence supports No ttt unless symptomatic or UA level ≥ 8
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• Significant association between serum UA level and poor outcomes after adjustment for confounders including infection and rejection episode.
• Early stage post-transplant UA level can act as a predictor for renal function at multiple time points after transplant (up to 6m).
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TTT
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a) Inhibitors of reabsorption
b) Urate synthesis inhibitors:
• Ulodesinec) Others:• Marine active• (IL-1) inhibitors:
Anakinra-Canakinumab, rilonaept
• KX-1151(XO, URAT1 inhibitor)
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THANK YOU