Asymmetric Sailing Some secrets Andy Howard Llandegfedd Sailing Club.

Asymmetric SailingAsymmetric Sailing

Some secretsSome secrets

Andy HowardAndy HowardLlandegfedd Sailing ClubLlandegfedd Sailing Club

Downwind speed?Downwind speed?

What’s the What’s the fastest fastest theoretical theoretical speed you can speed you can sail directly sail directly downwind?downwind?

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Downwind speed?Downwind speed?

Max theoretical speed straight down Max theoretical speed straight down wind has to be wind speed – otherwise wind has to be wind speed – otherwise what is pushing you?what is pushing you?

So - how do you go faster?So - how do you go faster?

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Polar Diagrams - 1Polar Diagrams - 1

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Typical RYA teaching diagram

No go zone

Apparent Wind - 1Apparent Wind - 1

Boat goes at 5 mph Boat goes at 5 mph in 10 mph cross-in 10 mph cross-windwind

Vector addition Vector addition shows 11 mph wind shows 11 mph wind at 27at 27° away from ° away from true, 63° from bowtrue, 63° from bow

This means as you This means as you speed up you trim speed up you trim the sails as the wind the sails as the wind moves forwardsmoves forwards

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wind

boat

Apparent wind

Apparent Wind - 2Apparent Wind - 2 Boat goes at wind speed 45Boat goes at wind speed 45° °

from downwind (say 10mph)from downwind (say 10mph) Complex trig – (subtraction) Complex trig – (subtraction)

shows wind is still shows wind is still in frontin front of of boat, 65 from the bow°boat, 65 from the bow°

The apparent wind speed is The apparent wind speed is now 7.8 mphnow 7.8 mph

You should bear away to go You should bear away to go faster! Get wind across the faster! Get wind across the beambeam

Skiffs go much faster than Skiffs go much faster than the wind – even more the wind – even more pronounced effectpronounced effect

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windboat

Apparent wind

Apparent Wind - 3Apparent Wind - 3 Boat goes near Boat goes near downwind downwind

at 5 mph after Genniker at 5 mph after Genniker launch in 10 mph windlaunch in 10 mph wind

Subtraction shows wind is Subtraction shows wind is behind the boat, near 180° behind the boat, near 180° from the bow, speed about from the bow, speed about 5 mph. 5 mph.

You should head up a long You should head up a long way to go faster. Get the way to go faster. Get the wind across the beamwind across the beam

This mode is beginners and This mode is beginners and launch/drop mode onlylaunch/drop mode only

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boat

Apparent wind

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Polar Diagrams - 2Polar Diagrams - 2

Real life with apparent wind

angles for fast boats

Boats actually sail with the apparent wind and that is what you set the

sails against

Apparent Wind DiagramApparent Wind Diagram

We cannot go We cannot go upwindupwind

We can go down-We can go down-wind only at wind wind only at wind speedspeed

Fastest point of Fastest point of sailing is sailing is “crosswind”“crosswind”

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No go zone

No go zone

downwind

Genniker SecretGenniker Secret

Gennikers are not a downwind sail!Gennikers are not a downwind sail! They don’t work upwind (flap and flog)They don’t work upwind (flap and flog) They don’t work downwind (collapse)They don’t work downwind (collapse)

They only work crosswindThey only work crosswind

So only use them crosswindSo only use them crosswind

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Using Apparent windUsing Apparent wind

Remember the effect of speeding up is to move Remember the effect of speeding up is to move apparent wind forwardsapparent wind forwards

Re-set course to take advantage of apparent wind as Re-set course to take advantage of apparent wind as your speed changesyour speed changes Bear off in gustsBear off in gusts Head up in lullsHead up in lulls

Remember the effect of slowing down is to move Remember the effect of slowing down is to move apparent wind backwardsapparent wind backwards

So, sheet all sails accordingly So, sheet all sails accordingly Main is a big driver if used rightMain is a big driver if used right

It will come automatically with practice – your brain It will come automatically with practice – your brain does the sums!does the sums!

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Polar diagramsPolar diagrams

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Inner lines. Slow boat at 10

mph wind

Outer lines, Fast boat,

20mph with and without asymmetric

Genniker

Left hand side, 18’ skiff with

extreme angles

Essential tipsEssential tips

At all points of sailing, including course At all points of sailing, including course changing and mark rounding, consider;changing and mark rounding, consider; Boat TrimBoat Trim Boat BalanceBoat Balance Centreboard (does this apply to us?)Centreboard (does this apply to us?) Sail settingSail setting Course made good (especially applies to us!)Course made good (especially applies to us!)

The RYA Level 2 Five EssentialsThe RYA Level 2 Five Essentials

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Applied essentialsApplied essentials

Boats not upright need rudder to correct the Boats not upright need rudder to correct the course – it’s a brakecourse – it’s a brake

All sails ought to be trimmed togetherAll sails ought to be trimmed together When moving fast – sails need to be pulled in When moving fast – sails need to be pulled in

further. When planing, main needs to be over the further. When planing, main needs to be over the boat – not set as per Wayfarer or Enterpriseboat – not set as per Wayfarer or Enterprise

Limit turning speed to capability and Limit turning speed to capability and trimming speed, don’t “fall off”trimming speed, don’t “fall off”

Max power is when boat is upright, crews Max power is when boat is upright, crews leaning out fullyleaning out fully

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Downwind speed tipsDownwind speed tips

Launch and recover Genniker whilst pointing Launch and recover Genniker whilst pointing nearly downwind, boat bolt uprightnearly downwind, boat bolt upright

Head up, ideally until both crew are on sitting Head up, ideally until both crew are on sitting out fullyout fully Hawk/burgee should be 90Hawk/burgee should be 90° to the boat at full ° to the boat at full

speedspeed If less than 45° to centre-line you are far too deepIf less than 45° to centre-line you are far too deep Play the Gennicker and the main, jib cleatedPlay the Gennicker and the main, jib cleated Crew tells helm when pressure on Genniker Crew tells helm when pressure on Genniker

changes – more changes – more andand less. Head up when less less. Head up when less On gusts bear awayOn gusts bear away On lulls head up to maintain speedOn lulls head up to maintain speed

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Gybing anglesGybing angles

Most boats it’s about 90Most boats it’s about 90° through the ° through the gybe (less when very windy)gybe (less when very windy)

Angle on RS 400 is when the buoy is Angle on RS 400 is when the buoy is seen seen behindbehind the mainsail when the the mainsail when the helm is sitting outhelm is sitting out

Apparent wind will then always be Apparent wind will then always be abeam (real wind is much further back)abeam (real wind is much further back)

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Upwind Exercise – why?Upwind Exercise – why?

Check 5 EssentialsCheck 5 Essentials Boats flatBoats flat Sails rightSails right Course Made Good - ~45Course Made Good - ~45° to wind° to wind

Check TacksCheck Tacks Clean rounding Clean rounding Roll if wind strength suitableRoll if wind strength suitable Sheeting in together on the up-rollSheeting in together on the up-roll

Get back upwind to start downwind Get back upwind to start downwind work!work!

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Upwind Exercise – how?Upwind Exercise – how?

Coach to gather boats by follow-my leaderCoach to gather boats by follow-my leader Two whistles – head upwindTwo whistles – head upwind One whistle – tackOne whistle – tack Next whistle – tack, etcNext whistle – tack, etc

Video attempted of each boat – checkVideo attempted of each boat – check Angle of heelAngle of heel Rudder centralRudder central Sail settingSail setting Course made goodCourse made good

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Downwind Exercise – why?Downwind Exercise – why? Check 5 EssentialsCheck 5 Essentials

Boats flatBoats flat Sails rightSails right Rudder near central – little force neededRudder near central – little force needed Course (Made Good) - ~45Course (Made Good) - ~45° to down-wind° to down-wind

Check GybesCheck Gybes Clean rounding Clean rounding Roll if wind strength suitableRoll if wind strength suitable Sheeting in together on the up-rollSheeting in together on the up-roll Maintain planingMaintain planing

See how fast you can go! – that’s the racing lineSee how fast you can go! – that’s the racing line

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Downwind Exercise – How?Downwind Exercise – How?

Coach to gather boats by follow-my leaderCoach to gather boats by follow-my leader Two whistles – head downwindTwo whistles – head downwind One whistle – gybeOne whistle – gybe Next whistle – gybe, etcNext whistle – gybe, etc

Video attempted of each boat – checkVideo attempted of each boat – check Angle of heel?Angle of heel? Rudder central?Rudder central? Sail settingSail setting Speed and courseSpeed and course

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Different speeds?Different speeds?

Up and Downwind exercises will be Up and Downwind exercises will be longer legs for the faster boatslonger legs for the faster boats

Join in when boats “collect” you upwind Join in when boats “collect” you upwind or down to keep connected to the or down to keep connected to the groupgroup

Stay together if feasible – you will learn Stay together if feasible – you will learn less if totally isolatedless if totally isolated

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CapsizingCapsizing

If you capsize, we will probably If you capsize, we will probably continue the exercise and leave you continue the exercise and leave you once OKonce OK

Multiple Capsizes – go in and have a Multiple Capsizes – go in and have a restrest

All capsized – its probably too windy!All capsized – its probably too windy!

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Genniker LaunchGenniker Launch

CommunicateCommunicate Bear off to Dead Run, Bolt uprightBear off to Dead Run, Bolt upright Kicker off, rig tension onKicker off, rig tension on (400 – confirm Pole out, helm swings it (400 – confirm Pole out, helm swings it

then and not before)then and not before) Hoist like crazy, long pulls, use legs, Hoist like crazy, long pulls, use legs,

say when donesay when done Head up for power, both hike if at all Head up for power, both hike if at all

possible possible

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Genniker RecoveryGenniker Recovery

Communicate!Communicate! Bear off to Dead Run, bolt upright, Bear off to Dead Run, bolt upright,

helm does all balancing with main sailhelm does all balancing with main sail Long pull, use legs, fast as possibleLong pull, use legs, fast as possible Move around under control, don’t bang Move around under control, don’t bang

around and upset the balancearound and upset the balance Crewe kicker back on, Outhaul onCrewe kicker back on, Outhaul on Mark settings on rig and other controlsMark settings on rig and other controls

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StreamlinesStreamlines

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The back – leach of each sail should The back – leach of each sail should be parallel – be parallel – including the mainsailincluding the mainsail

Hoist to Drop life Hoist to Drop life cyclecycle

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Power Zone

Hoist Zone

Drop Zone

Apparent Wind 4 Apparent Wind 4

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Boat goes upwind at 45Boat goes upwind at 45° ° from real wind (say 5 mph)from real wind (say 5 mph)

Complex trig – (really!) Complex trig – (really!) shows wind is further to the shows wind is further to the frontfront of boat, 30° from the of boat, 30° from the bow (moved by 15°)bow (moved by 15°)

The apparent wind speed is The apparent wind speed is now 14 mphnow 14 mph

This is why its colder upwind This is why its colder upwind – there is more of it. – there is more of it.

The angle is very slim The angle is very slim between stalled and between stalled and overpoweredoverpowered

Faster boats may plane Faster boats may plane towards the wind – but towards the wind – but control is on a knife edgecontrol is on a knife edge

wind

boat

Apparent wind

Rudderless SailingRudderless Sailing

Why? – because the rudder is a brake – Why? – because the rudder is a brake – the less its used, the better. the less its used, the better.

(how do you steer a bicycle – with no hands?)(how do you steer a bicycle – with no hands?)

So how do we steer/go straight?So how do we steer/go straight? Adjust the sailsAdjust the sails Adjust the heel of the boatAdjust the heel of the boat Adjust the crew positionAdjust the crew position Use sail controlsUse sail controls

What advantages? – go faster, better What advantages? – go faster, better control, better manoeuvring control, better manoeuvring

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Bearing away / Luffing upBearing away / Luffing up

Bearing away – windward markBearing away – windward mark Mainsail let loose, jib kept inMainsail let loose, jib kept in Roll boat to windwardRoll boat to windward

Luffing up – leeward markLuffing up – leeward mark Roll boat to leewardRoll boat to leeward Pull mainsail in hardPull mainsail in hard

Use the rudder to “follow” the boatUse the rudder to “follow” the boatSlide Slide 2929


What to do with Gusts

Asymmetric Sailing Some secrets Andy Howard Llandegfedd Sailing Club.

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