Astrophysique Multi-Echelle (AME) Previously « Fluides et Plasmas Astrophysiques » (FPA)

Astrophysique Multi-Echelle(AME)

Previously « Fluides et Plasmas Astrophysiques » (FPA)

Domains & Methods• Physical processes in astrophysical plasmas

• Fundamental Physics

• Modelling objects at any scales (from atoms to universe!)

• Numerical simulations

• Databases

• Astrophysics in the lab (lasers, ATER)

• Implication in large projects:Observations: COROT, FUSE, Keck, VLT, HST, Spitzer, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, RT DAM Nançay and KharkovExperiments: Laser Mégajoule, MHD

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Composition of the teamPermanent (10)

– Alecian G.– Cayatte V. *– Grappin R.– Michaut C. *– Nottale L.– Sauty Ch. *– Stasinska G.– Schneider J. (Em)– Vitry R. (Ing.)– Zahn J-P. (Em)– Mottez F. – Zeippen C.

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PhD students (6)– Cavet C. *– Globus N. *– Mouhali W.– Nguyen C. *– Pinto R.– Vale-Asari N.

Associates (5)– Celerier M-N.– Cornille M. *– Herpe G. *– Leorat J.– Megessier C.

(* JAR group)

Temporary (until Oct. 2008)

Boireau L., Cabrera J., Ceccolini D., da Rocha D., Falize E., Hess

S., Simon-Diaz S.

External associates (12)Blancard Ch., Bouquet, S., Brun S.,

Cid-Fernandes R., Delahaye F., Dubau J., Galopeau P., Gonçalves-Darbon A., Mathis S., Meliani Z., Michaud G. (Can), Stift, M. (Aut)coordinator of the previous team (FPA)

Scientific production• Publications during the FPA period

from 15/10/2004 to 15/10/2008 (referenced by AERES)

• Journals 119 (for 9 FPA researchers )• Conferences 138• Books 11• others 10• Thesis+HDR 8

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Other activities: Scientific Coordination

– LEA Astrophysique Pologne-France (Stasinska)– PICS France-Arménie (Alecian)– Exoplanet Encyclopaedia and IYA2009 “Special Task” (Schneider)– International working wroup “Oxygen in the Universe (Stasinska)– Radiative shock experiments on French and Japanese lasers (Michaut)– “Echanges et Mélanges” : FPA-AME internal seminars (Stasinska)– Several operations in french “Programmes Nationaux” (PNPS, PNG, PCMI)

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Other activities: International conferences

Organization as chairs or co-chairs• Conference « Exoplanets in Multi-Body Systems » Torun (Poland) (4 days, 2008) [Schneider]• Conference « The Cosmic Odyssey of the Elements » Aegina (Greece) (5 days, 2008)

[Stasinska]• Conference « Planetary Nebulae as Astronomical Tools » Gdansk (Poland) (5 days, 2005)

[Stasinska]• Conference « Elements stratifications in stars: 40 years of atomic diffusion » Mons (France),

2005 [Alecian]• Jenam 2007 EAS-S2 Meeting, Yerevan (Armeny) [Alecian]

• Workshop « Super-Earths » Nantes (France) (3days, 2008) [Schneider]• Workshop « Oxygen in the Universe » la Colle-sur-Loup (France) (5 days, 2008) [Stasinska]• Workshop « La Théorie de la Relativité d'Echelle, une base commune à une vision structurelle

du monde » Avignon (France) (2 days 2007) [Nottale]• Workshop « Planetary Nebulae Near and far » Sasek (Poland), (11 days, 2008) [Stasinska]

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Other activities:Schools

• « numerical experiments on collisionless plasma » Meudon CIAS (France) (5 days) 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 [Grappin]

• « From the land of salt to the heavens of SALT » Krakow (Poland) (5 days, 2007) [Stasinska]

• « Physique Stellaire autour des Grands Lasers » Aussois (France) (5 days, 2008) [Zahn]

• « Nucléosynthèse stellaire 50 ans après B2FH » Aussois (France) (5 days, 2006) [Zahn]

• « Les champs magnétiques stellaires » la Rochelle (France) (5 days, 2007) [Zahn]• « Interaction dans les systèmes composites : étoiles, disques et planètes » Oléron

(France) (5 days, 2005) [Zahn].

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• Cours de physique des plasmas à l'Ecole d'Ingénieurs EPF [Michaut]• Cours de Fortran 90/95 en M2 l'Ecole Doctorale Astronomie et Astrophysique d'Ile

de France [Michaut]• Intervention en collège (classe de 5ème et 4ème)• Master de sciences chirurgicales, Faculté de médecine Denis Diderot, 2008, 2009.

"Relativité d'échelle en biologie". (2h)[Nottale]• cours 3ème cycle à Mexico (2 a 4 heures, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008) [Stasinska]• cours à la XVIII Canary Island Winterschool « The emission Line Universe” :

(2006, 5 heures) [Stasinska]• cours 3ème cycle à l'Université de Beijing (4 heures, 2007) [Stasinska]• cours 3ème cycle à l'Université de Sao Paulo (4 heures, 2007) [Stasinska]• Cours Obs. Paris [Schneider]

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Other activities: Teaching (other than statutory obligations)

Main collaborations in France

– LUTH, GEPI, LESIA (Observatoire de Paris)– IGPG– OHP– LULI, Ecole Polytechnique Département de Physique Théorique et Appliquée – CEA/DIF Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Space Sciences– CNES– ESA– CETP, université Paris-Sud, Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Orsay,– Centre des Sciences de la Terre, Université de Dijon– Université Versailles-St Quentin– ENS Ulm, Equipe Genexpress, Génomique Fonctionnelle et Biologie des Systèmes pour la Santé – UMR 6012 Espace, Université d'Avignon– UMR 5572 (LATT-Toulouse)– UMR 5024 (GRAAL-Montpellier)– ENS-Lyon– UMR 6202 – OCA Nice

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Main collaborations abroadIn Europe

Astrium collaboration: 6 european labAustria : Vienna ObservatoryBelgium: ROB, Bruxelles, IAG Liège, ULB BruxellesGermany: NRL, IPP, Max-Planck GarchingItaly: Obs. Florence Poland: N. Copernicus Astronomical Centre, Warszawa and Torun, Krakow ObservatoryUK: University of York Graduate School of EngineeringUkraine: Obs-Kiev

Outside EuropeArménie: BAOBrazil: UFSC-Florianopolis, IAG- Sao PauloCanada: Université de Montréal (PQ), Université de Moncton (NB)Israel: Ben Gurion University, Beer Sheval Japan: Osaka University Mexico: UNAM-Mexico, Morelia, Ensenada, INAOE-PueblaSouth Africa: University of Cape TownSpain: IAA-Granada Switzerland: Obs-GenevaUS: University of Michigan Department of Physics, IA Honolulu

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Scientific topics (without JAR)

• Spectroscopic diagnostics of astrophysical plasmas

• Turbulence, Sun, Solar Wind, and Jupiter magnetosphere

• Exoplanets and Exobiology

• Scale Relativity

• Instabilities and mixing in stellar interiors

• Theory and modelling of element transport processes in stars.

• Turbulence experiment ATER

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Spectroscopic diagnostics of astrophysical plasmas

Planetary nebulae and HII regions• design of methods to determine their chemical composition• comparison with other abundance indicators in galaxies (e.g. stars)• inferences on nucleosynthesis and on chemical evolution of galaxies

Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey• analysis of their spectra in terms of stellar content• analysis of their emission-line properties• inferences on evolution of galaxies and AGN populations

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G. Stasinska and collaborators

Planetary nebulae and HII regions

Development of a quick pseudo-3D photoionization code for assymetric nebulae : application to the most-oxygen poor PN (PN G 135.9+55.9)

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G. Stasinska, collab: UNAM(Mexico), INAOE (Mexico), CAMK (Poland), Geneva obs (CH)

A scenario for the enrichment of the interstellar medium by metal-rich droplets which may explain the abundance bias in HII regions

O/H in the Galactic bulge: PNe and giant stars give different answers!

Galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

top: observed spectrum of a weak emission-line galaxyright: simple stellar populations accounting for the observed continuum bottom: residual spectrum showing emission lines

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G. Stasinska, N. Vale-Asaricollab: UFSC (Florianopolis, Brazil), IAG (Sao Paulo, Brazil)

~300,000 emission-line SDSS galaxies in a diagram to distinguish star-forming galaxies from AGN hosts.What are LINERs?the star formation histories of strong-line (left) and weak-line (right) galaxies show that most LINERs are retired galaxies

star forming

Seyfert

LINER









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Turbulence, Sun and Solar Wind

• Search for a self-consistent model of the solar windChallenge : include deep layers density drop from 1 to 10-12 time scales 1 to 10-7

very irregular spatial mesh

• Chromospheric transitionTransmit photons energy upwardsDissipate energy there into heat Conduct heat back downwardsRadiate energy

All steps unsteady, turbulent, widely ≠ time scales => CPU demanding

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R. Grappin, J. Léorat, R. Pinto


• MHD turbulence with mean field

Transmission of movements betweendistant points of photosphere via magnetic loops (chromospheric transition simplified)=> Corona acts as a turbulent friction on photospheric dynamics (usual « line-tied » Boundary condition false)=> Coronal heating works in spite of non-reflective solar surface

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Coordinate along loop

Log

perp

. wav

enum

ber


• Chromospheric heating by P-wavesTransmission of P-waves reduced with partial ionization

• Coronal effects of Alfvén wavesGenerating solar plume in an isothermal corona

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Col S. Leygnac, 2009

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Io-Jupiter interaction and accelerationF. Mottez, S. Hess (Ph-D), collab. P Zarka (LESIA)

• Io-Jupiter decametric radio-emissions (Nançay, Karkhov)The emissions are caused by accelerated electrons in the Io-Jupiter flux tube through maser cyclotron instability.

• First observational characterisation of acceleration processes

Acceleration by Alfvén waves and by electrostatic double layers.

• Simulation of e- accelerationSimulation of electron motions + Alfvén waves and/or electric potential jumps. Computation of the maser cyclotron instability. Reconstruction of dynamic spectra : they are similar to those observed.


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Exoplanets and Exobiology

Final goal:search for “biosignatures” on exoplanets (top priority of ESA “Cosmic Vision”).Different actions on this pathway:

• Detection of exoplanets• Understand the dynamics of multi-body exoplanetary systems• Modelling internal structure and atmospheres of exoplanets• Optimize and test future biosignatures

Juan Cabrera, Laurent Nottale, Jean Schneider

• Detection by transits with the CoRoT satellite CoRoT (J. Schneider initiative):

• Detection by direct imaging and spectroscopy of atmospheres of super-Earths: SEE-COAST (PI) space telescope project to be submitted to ESA + NASA 2015-2025

6 giant planets discovered, The first transiting super-Earth withthe smallest radius ever measured R = 1.65 REarth M < 11 MEarth (under refinement)

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Exoplanets and exobiology

Modelling of atmospheres and internal structure Mass-radius relation of super-Earths as a function of composition (Grasset, Schneider & Sotin 2009)

Juan Cabrera, Jean Schneider

Modelling of silicate vapor of the atmosphere of CoRoT-Exo-7b

Detection of multiplanet systems and of exo-moons by perturbation of transit epochsDetection of exo-moons by mutual events in direct imaging of exoplanets

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• Exobiology– Observational test of detectability of “Vegetation Red Edge” VRE: example of

Earth as seen from remote space thanks to Earthshine's spectrumOHP results:http://www.science.gouv.fr/…

Juan Cabrera, Jean Schneider

VRE

• In Antarctica: possibility to monitor 24h Earth's rotation in Earthshine. Test under way LUCAS experiment (PI), collaboration with IPG, GEPI, OHP, started summer 2008

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• Dynamics of planetary systems– Architecture of planetary systems using Scale Relativity

Laurent Nottale

Semi-major axis observed distribution

Mer

cure

Ven u

s

Terr

e

Mar

s

Cer

es

Hy g

eia

Nom

b re

(a/M*)1/2









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• Formation and evolution of gravitational structures

• Dark potential* Other form of these equations: fluid (Euler + continuity) + additional potential energy.

This “dark potential”:* Spontaneously appear as manifestation of fractal geometry* Could account for (some of) the effects currently attributed to “dark matter”.

* Model of structure formation over many scales* Hypothesis: fractality of space (additional to space-time

curvature).* Physical constrain: principle of relativity applied to

scale transformations.* Consequence: Schrödinger form of motion equations.

Scale RelativityL. Nottale, M.-N. Célérier, P. Galopeau (associé), D. Ceccolini (doctorant †2007)

Scale Relativity (suite)

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L. Nottale, M.-N. Célérier, P. Galopeau (associé), D. Ceccolini (doctorant) • Physics: foundation of quantum mechanics and gauge

theories Derivation of the “postulates” of quantum mechanics in a non-differentiable

and fractal geometric framework + principle of scale relativity:

Quantum tools (complex, spinor, bispinor wave functions) and equations (Schrödinger, Pauli, K-G, Dirac), Born and von Neumann axioms, etc.

Applications to the quantum/classical transition and to fractal wave functions

Derivation of gauge fields and charges (Abelian and non-Abelian) from fractal geometryof space-time

• BiophysicsApplication of the scale-relativity approach to self-organisation and multi-scale integration in system biology

Comparaison between theoretical prediction and experimental values of strong coupling constant as(mZ)

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Date of theoretical prediction : 1992 ! (LN 1992, IJMPA 7,4899)

Theoretical prediction:0.1165±0.0005 (1992) Accounting for top quark mass (known after 1992), becomes 0.1173±0.0004(from expected critical value 4π2 of inverse coupling at Planck energy scale and running from Planck to Z scales using renormalization group equations with special scale-relativistic correction)

Data: Particle Data Group 1992-2006

Scale Relativity (continuation)

L. Nottale, M.-N. Célérier, P. Galopeau (associé), D. Ceccolini (doctorant)

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Scale Relativity (continuation)

L. Nottale, M.-N. Célérier, P. Galopeau (associé), D. Ceccolini (doctorant) Cosmological constant (« dark energy »): comparison between theoretical estimate (1993) and measured values

Date of theoretical estimate : 1993 !(LN 1993, Fractal Space-Time and Microphysics, pp. 302-305)

Expected value:ΩΛh2=0.38874±0.00012(from calculation of gravitational self-energy density of quantum fluctuations)

Gunn-Tinsley LN, Hubblediagram ofInfraredellipticals

LN, age problem

SNe,WMAP 3yrlensing

SNeI SNe,WMAP1yr lensing

Early observational estimates Recent measurements

SNe,WMAP 5yrlensing









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Instabilities and mixing in stellar interiors

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J.-P. Zahn; A. S. Brun, S. Mathis (SAp/CEA, chercheurs associés)

• Rotational mixing in stellar radiation zones

That mixing explains the anomalies of chemical composition observed at the surface of stars and their internal rotation profile; the model is being applied to stars observed with CoRoT.

• Thermohaline mixing in red giant stars Due to an inversion of the molecular weight gradient, thermohaline instability

accounts for the moderate enrichment in 3He of our Galaxy; until now 3He was overestimated with standard models (with C. Charbonnel).

Instabilities and mixing in stellar interiors

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J.-P. Zahn; A. S. Brun, S. Mathis (SAp/CEA, chercheurs associés)

convection zone

radiation zone

rotation rate

field lines

• A fossil field in the interior of the Sun?A fossil field in the radiative interior of the Sun would diffuse and penetrate into the convection zone, and it would imprint the differential rotation thereof on the whole radiation zone. Helioseismology proved the contrary: the radiation zone is in uniform rotation. Conclusion: the Sun has no such fossil field.

• Future worko Modelling of CoRoT targets with rotational

mixing.o Tidal evolution of extrasolar systems









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Theory and modelling of element transport

• Diffusion processes in magnetic atmospheresA new code for polarized radiation transfer and atomic diffusion

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G. Alecian & collaborators (F. LeBlanc, M. Stift)

Teff=8500KDipolar field B:

20 kG at the pole

Codes CaratStrat & CaratVisu

(Alecian & Stift 2007)

• Diffusion processes in stellar interiors

TiReal B

Computed 2-D stratification

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Theory and modelling of element transportG. Alecian & collaborators (Gebran, Auvergne, Richard, Samadi, Weiss, Baglin)

• Looking for pulsations through CoRoT ligthcurvesPossibly the first detection of pulsations in a HgMn star.









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Experimental hydrodynamics: ATER facility« Agitateur pour la Turbulence En Rotation »

• Motivations(1): find a driving configuration for fluid dynamoPrecession forcing is closer to natural dynamos than contra-rotating impellers (cf

Cadarache experiment). Large scale forcing is a priori favourable.

• Motivations(2): hydro simulations at Re=UL/ν> 105 not feasible• Motivations (3): Physics issues:global circulation ? Differential rotation ?

transition laminar/turbulent ?

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W. Mouhali , J. Léorat , T. Lehner R. Vitry

• Cylindrical container(diameter= 300 mm, length between 300 and 400 mm)

• Particle Image Velocimetry (home made)

• Control parameter : precession rate =Ωp/Ωr

=> Forcing m=1 modes + parity invariance(r->-r)

Experimental hydrodynamic: ATER facility« Agitateur pour la Turbulence En Rotation »

• Weak forcing: inertial waves (m=1)

• Medium forcing: cyclonic vortices (quasi-steady non linear structures)

Non-linear coupling (resonant triad) => differential rotation (m=0)

• Above turbulence threshold: quasi-homogeneous turbulence

Global rotation is inhibited

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Vorticity contours

6 successive times

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Experimental hydrodynamic: ATER facility« Agitateur pour la Turbulence En Rotation »

Azimuthal speed in container frame : differential rotation (a typical example, discard r > 0.7)

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Related works in progress:- ellipsoïdal container to be installed on ATER (cf LGIT- Grenoble)- kinematical dynamo including cyclonic vortices (with R. Laguerre, ULB and

SFEMaNS code)- Simulations of rotating flows with shear (Ivan Delbende, LIMSI and M. Rossi,

UP6)

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Prospects (1)

Planetary Nebulae and HII regions: Put chemical composition analysis on firmer grounds

Statistical studies of galaxies: Refine methods for low redshifts, extend them to higher redshifts and other wavelengths (Stasinska)

Study of the coupling of solar photosphere-corona-wind. Solar wind modelling: transport to 2D/3D the time-dependent model including dense layers (current work). Take into account radiative transfer in chromosphere (Grappin)

Detection by direct imaging. Detection of exo-moons by mutual events in direct imaging of exoplanets, LUCAS experiment (Schneider)

Continuation of the Scale Relativity development, namely about "dark potential" to account for (some of) the effects currently attributed to “dark matter” (Nottale)

4141

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Modelling of CoRoT targets with rotational mixing. (Zahn)

Tidal evolution of extrasolar systems (Zahn)

3D-modelling of element distribution in magnetic atmospheres (Alecian)

The numerical challenge of time-dependent diffusion stellar atmospheres (Alecian)

Development of ATER : ellipsoidal container to be installed on ATER (cf LGIT- Grenoble). Kinematical dynamo including cyclonic vortices (with R. Laguerre, ULB and SFEMaNS code). Simulations of rotating flows with shear (Ivan Delbende, LIMSI and M. Rossi, UP6)

+ JAR prospects

Prospects (2)

Astrophysique Multi-Echelle (AME) Previously « Fluides et Plasmas Astrophysiques » (FPA)

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