Astronomy Seeing through different light…. VisibleUV..
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Transcript of Astronomy Seeing through different light…. VisibleUV..
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Astronomy
Seeing through different light…
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Visible UV..
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Visible IR
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Visible Radio Xray
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Venus -IR
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Venus -UV
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Venus -RADIO
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Venus -VISIBLE
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Types of Light
• Gamma rays• X-Rays• UV rays• Visible Rays• Infrared• Microwaves• Radio• Long Waves
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Types of Light
• Gamma rays– Nuclear blast
• X-Rays– Go through skin and body, stopped by bone
• UV rays– Penetrates skin, causes damage
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Types of Light
• Visible Rays– What we can see
• Infrared– Night vision goggles
• Microwaves– Excite water
• Radio• Long Waves
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Optical Telescopes
• Why do astronomers use telescopes?– Magnification– Resolution – Brightness
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Brightness
• Gathering light to make faint objects appear bright
• MOST important• Depends on the size of
the lens
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Resolution
• How sharp an object looks
• Larger the lens, higher the resolution
• HDTV vs. normal tv
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Magnification
• How many times larger an object looks
• LEAST IMPORTANT
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Magnification calculations
• M = fo/fe• Fo = Focal length of the objective• Fe = Focal length of the eyepiece
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How big is our universe?
• MONTE PYTHON VIDEO
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Optical Telescopes
Relflectors and Refractors
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Refractors
• Uses lenses to bend light
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Refractor
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• Objective lens • Eyepiece
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• Focal Length • The distance from a lens to the focal point
• Focal Point
• The point where light rays converge to produce an in focus image
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Two lenses are placed at their focal lengths apart
• Fo (focal length of objective)• +• Fe (focal length of eyepiece)• =• Length of telescope
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• Fo = 1000mm• Fe= 20 mm• What is the length of the telescope?
• What is the magnification?
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Activity
• Right Eye Focal Length:
• Left Focal length:
• Both eyes
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II. Focal Length of a lens
Focal Length of Lens 1:
Focal Length of Lens 2:
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III. Magnification
• Draw a small arrow• Measure it in cm
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Reflector Telescopes
Newtonian and Cassegrain
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Newtonian Reflector
• Uses a mirror to reflect light
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Newtonian Reflector
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Cassegrain Reflector
• Has eyepiece behind mirror
• Has a small hole drilled into the middle of the objective mirror so that they light can go through
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Cassegrain
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Refractors
PROS• Better resolution due to no
diagonal mirror blocking part of the objective
CONS• Chromatic Abberation
(colors smear)• Size limit on objective lens
- if glass lens is too big it will sag)
• - max size = 3 feet
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Reflectorss
PROS• No size limit
– The objective mirror can be made up hundreds of smaller mirrors
• Easier to hook up a computer to
CONS• Slightly less resolution
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Optical observatories
• Keck 1 and Keck II in Hawaii
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• Hubble Space Telescope
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• GEMINI in Chili
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Places to Build optical observatories
• Away from cities• Away from light pollution
• Mountain tops or space• The more atmosphere a telescope looks through , the
blurrier the image
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Atmospheric Window
• Transparent to: Visible and Radio• Semi-Transparent to: Infrared• Opaque to: UV, X-Ray, Gamma Ray
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Radio Telescopes
• Parts– Dish: :Large dish that focuses the rays (does
not have the be smooth)– Receiver: Gathers the rays and send to a
computer to analyze
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• FALSE COLOR IMAGE: – Bright Areas= high intensity– Dark Areas= low intensity
RESOLUTION:
- Since radio waves are very large, they have very low resolution
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Interferometer Array
• A way to increase resolution
• Observe the same object with lots of different telescopes
• Send all data to computer to create a high resolution image
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Length of telescope
• Distance the telescopes are separated
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Where to place Radio Telescopes
• Valleys– Avoids radio interference (mountains block the
signal)
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Examples of Radio Observatories
• Arecibo– Worlds largest single radio telescope– Puerto Rico
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• VLA– Very large array– New Mexico– On Train Tracks
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• VLBA– Very large Baseline Arrary– Array of the worlds largest telescopes– Size of earth
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Infrared Telescopes
• Uses regular mirrors• Must be placed high in the atmosphere
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Sophia
• Aircraft with a telescope built in it
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Spitzer
• In space• Studies stars and
planet formation
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Telescope Videos
http://hubblesite.org/hubble_discoveries/hubble_deep_field/
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Argon’s spectra
• The colored lines on the spectrum come from Argon’s electrons relaxing back to the ground state and releasing photons
• Fingerprint/Bar code
• Each element/compound has unique spectra
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Hydrogen
• Less lines = less energy levels/electrons
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Helium
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Where should we put telescopes?