ASTRONOMY REVIEW

Terminology

Luminous Revolution (year length) versus Rotation (day

length)

Gravity (function of mass)

Planet < Star < Star system < Galaxy < Universe

Distances in Space

Convert between Kilometers, Astronomical Units and Light Years The avg distance from Earth to Saturn is

1,427,000,000 km. What is this distance in AU?

AU AU AU AU AU AU AU AU AU AU

Distances in Space

Calculating light’s speed How long would it take light to travel the

distance from Saturn to Earth? (d = 1,427,000,000 km )

Calculations in Space

Unit Conversion Saturn rotates every 11 hours and revolves

around the Sun every 29 years. How many Earth days is one Saturn year?

The Effect of a Planet’s tilt

Earth tilts by 23.5° This causes the seasons,

NOT the distance to the Sun

Terrestrial Planets

1. Mercury: Closest planet to the Sun2. Venus: Farther than Mercury, but

warmer because of a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide that creates a strong greenhouse effect

Terrestrial Planets

3. Earth: Our home. Contains liquid water and protective ozone layer

4. Mars: Iron oxide makes this planet look red

Asteroid Belt

Asteroids

Space Rock

Gas Giants

5. Jupiter: largest planet in the solar system6. Saturn (clearly visible rings): shiny rings

made of ice that reflect sunlight

Gas Giants

7. Uranus: tilted almost 90°

Gas Giants

8. Neptune: farthest planet from the Sun. Named after the Greek God of the Sea

Constellations

Ursa Major and Ursa Minor

Constellations

Orion and Canis Major

Line up the stars in ‘Orion’s Belt’ and following the line south until you hit Sirius.

Stars

Polaris: The North Star is located in the Little Dipper / Ursa Minor.

Sirius: The brightest star in Earth’s sky is located in Canis Major

The Sun

Powered through nuclear fusion

Sunspots: cool regions of the Sun that appear because of solar magnetic interference

The Sun

Solar flares and Aurora Borealis

Lifecycle of a Star

NebulaProtostar

Fusion Chain Reaction BeginsFusion continues throughout life

If small-medium sized the star becomes a Red Giant -> White dwarf -> Black dwarf

If large sized = Supernova -> Neutron star OR Black hole

Features of Stars

Colour depends on temperature

The Big Bang Theory

The Big Bang Theory

the Universe was once in an extremely hot and dense state which expanded rapidly

According to the most recent measurements and observations, the Big Bang occurred approximately 13.75 billion years ago, which is thus considered the age of the Universe.

Stuff to finish

Sunspots graphing activity Hertzsprung Russell Diagram

Test Review You are responsible for the following text

sections: All of chapter 8 excluding 8.7

Try the Self-Quiz on pp. 322-323 All of the chapter 9 excluding 9.4, 9.5, and 9.9

Try the Self-Quiz on pp. 360-361 You DO NOT need to review anything from

chapter 10