Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x...

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Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long Walk to Freedom Introduction This chapter is an extract from the autobiography of Nelson Mandela (born- 18 July, 1918), the first Black President of South Africa. Excerpts from “Long Walk to Freedom” include description of the inauguration ceremony, citations from his speech, his journey to being a freedom fighter, the struggle, along with a tribute to other freedom fighters and countless other people who fought for their freedom. In South Africa, a brutal practice named “apartheid” was followed. Apartheid refers to the discrimination between people on the basis of their race. It was one of the most brutal societies where dark-skinned people were deprived of their basic rights. This lesson gives us an overview as to how Nelson Mandela along with others, carved their way to a society where there will be no discrimination on the basis of their colour, caste, race, age or gender. Long Walk to Freedom (Summary) This chapter is an extract from the autobiography of Nelson Mandela (born- 18 July, 1918), the first Black President of South Africa. It begins with the description of their inaugural ceremony which took place on the 10th of May 1994 where the entire nation along with many international leaders embraced the victory of a newly and fairly elected government. It involved speeches by the President and the two Deputy Presidents followed by an impressive air show of fighter jets and helicopters. Long ago, in the first decade of the twentieth century, white supremacy introduced the system of apartheid and made life a living hell for the dark-skinned population. It gave rise to one of the most inhumane societies of the world. Many people have struggled and sacrificed for basic human rights. The

Transcript of Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x...

Page 1: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Assignment 3

Class x

Subject-English

Book-First Flight

ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom

- By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela

Long Walk to Freedom Introduction

This chapter is an extract from the autobiography of Nelson Mandela (born- 18 July 1918) the first Black President of South Africa Excerpts from ldquoLong Walk to Freedomrdquo include description of the inauguration ceremony citations from his speech his journey to being a freedom fighter the struggle along with a tribute to other freedom fighters and countless other people who fought for their freedom In South Africa a brutal practice named ldquoapartheidrdquo was followed Apartheid refers to the discrimination between people on the basis of their race It was one of the most brutal societies where dark-skinned people were deprived of their basic rights This lesson gives us an overview as to how Nelson Mandela along with others carved their way to a society where there will be no discrimination on the basis of their colour caste race age or gender

Long Walk to Freedom (Summary)

This chapter is an extract from the autobiography of Nelson Mandela (born- 18 July 1918) the first Black President of South Africa It begins with the description of their inaugural ceremony which took place on the 10th of May 1994 where the entire nation along with many international leaders embraced the victory of a newly and fairly elected government It involved speeches by the President and the two Deputy Presidents followed by an impressive air show of fighter jets and helicopters Long ago in the first decade of the twentieth century white supremacy introduced the system of apartheid and made life a living hell for the dark-skinned population It gave rise to one of the most inhumane societies of the world Many people have struggled and sacrificed for basic human rights The

author expressed his desire to thank all those freedom fighters who couldn‟t live to see this autumn day He referred to the citizens as the greatest asset of the country It is these people he gathered his courage from Mandela believes that courageous is not the man who is fearless but the man who has overcome fear He also mentioned the two responsibilities every human has and how in order to fulfil his obligation towards the society his obligation towards his family was neglected He became a man of people when he realised that the idea of freedom was an illusion for him and people like him It was then he joined the African National Congress and fought for his rights till he became the first black President of the nation According to him the oppressor is as much a prisoner as the oppressed As soon as the former robs the oppressed of their freedom he himself gets robbed of his humanity Thus the oppressor too is not free

Answer the following questions in 30-40 words

Q1 At the beginning of his speech Mandela mentions ldquoan extraordinary human disasterrdquo What does he mean by this What is the ldquoglorious hellip human achievementrdquo he speaks of at the end

Q2 What does Mandela thank the international leaders for

Q3 What ideals does he set out for the future of South Africa

Q4 Why were two national anthems sung

Q5 What does courage mean to Mandela

Q6 What ldquotwin obligationsrdquo does Mandela mention

Q7 What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy and as a student How does he contrast these ldquotransitory freedomsrdquo with ldquothe basic and honourable freedomsrdquo

Q8 How did Mandela‟s bdquohunger for freedom‟ change his life

Answer the following question in 150 words

Would you agree that the ldquodepths of oppressionrdquo create ldquoheights of characterrdquo How does Mandela illustrate this

(Footprints without Feet) Chapter 2 - The Thief‟s Story

By- Ruskin Bond

Introduction to the lesson

A young boy makes friends with Anil Anil trusts him completely and employs him Does the boy betray his trust

The story is about a 15-year-old thief who changes his name every month to stay ahead of the police and old employers This time he kept his name Hari Singh The other person in the story is a 25 year old writer named Anil The thief meets Anil and asks him if he can work for him The story unfolds on how the thief betrays Anil by committing a theft but retracts later on

The Thief‟s Story Summary

The story is about two different people One is a thief of 15 years of age and the other is a man of approximately 25 years watching a wrestling match somewhere The name of the person watching the match is Anil The thief approaches Anil and starts talking to him because he feels that he had not robbed anyone in the past few days and thought that it would be easy to rob a simple person like Anil They both start talking and Anil asks the thief his name The thief introduces himself as Hari Singh This is not his real name as he changes his name every month to escape his ex employers or police Then they started talking about the wrestlers and Anil was leaving when Hari called him again and asked him if he could work for Anil Anil said that he wont be able to pay him but could feed him if he knew how to cook Hari lied that he knew how to cook Anil took Hari to his room which was above a sweet shop Hari cooked a meal which was really bad because Anil did not eat it Anil asked Hari to leave but he tried to please Anil Hari smiled in his most attractive way and Anil could not stop laughing looking at him Anil agreed to teach Hari how to cook write full sentences and add numbers Hari was grateful as he knew that there would be no limit to robbing people once he learnt how to read and write The narrator used to like working for Anil as he used to make him tea in the morning and then go out to buy the groceries for the day He also used to steal 1 rupee from the money that was given to him to buy the groceries everyday Anil knew that he used to steal but did not mind Anil used to make money by irregular works Sometimes he used to borrow money and the other day when he had money he would be lending it to other people Whenever he used to get money he would go out with his friends to celebrate One day Anil came in with a bundle of notes and told Hari that he had sold a book to a publisher At night he kept the money safely under the mattress of his bed Hari realized that he had been working for Anil for more than a month and had not stolen anything apart from the 1 rupee that he kept everyday from the

grocery money Hari had many chances to steal as he had the key to the room as well But he was surprised with the amount of trust Anil had on him as he had never seen such a trusting person in his life This trust thing was preventing him from robbing Anil as Hari thought that robbing a careless person like Anil didnt make much difference because he might not even notice that he had been robbed and that took out all the fun from the work Then he thought of stealing Anil‟s money and justified himself that if he didnt steal money from Anil then also he would waste it on his friends and also Anil didnt pay him for the work that he did Hari then woke up at night and quietly crawled to Anil‟s bed He steals the money and decides to leave the city by Lucknow Express that departed at 1030 When he reached the station the train had slowly started moving from the platform He could have easily caught the train but he hesitated and he himself did not know the reason for it Before he had reached the station he counted the money and it was 600 rupees in 50 rupee notes He could live a lavish life for 2 - 3 weeks with so much money After the train had left Hari was all alone at the train station He was left with no place to sleep at night The only person he knew was Anil and he had looted him as well He sat on a bench in a park and as it started to rain he sat down under the clock tower Then he realized that the notes had got wet He realized that learning how to read and write would help him to get a much more respectable and honest job which would pay him much more than these few hundred rupees Then he decided to go back to Anil‟s house He reached the room and placed the money back Next morning he woke up a bit late and Anil had already made his tea Aniul gave a 50 rupee note to Hari as he had got paid for some work and he would be paid regularly Hari took the note in his hand and realized that the note was still wet from the rain last night Hari realized that Anil had come to know about his misdeed but there was no sadness anger or guilt in his mind The narrator smiled in a beautiful way and it was genuine happiness as he knew that he had saved himself from the wrong road

Answer the following questions in 30-40 words

Q1 What are Hari Singh‟s reactions to the prospect of receiving an education Do they change over time

Q2 Why does not Anil hand the thief over to the police Do you think most people would have done so In what ways is Anil different from such employers

Q3 How does the thief think Anil will react to the theft

Q4 What does he say about the different reactions of people when they are robbed

Q5 Does Anil realise that he has been robbed

Answer the following question in 150 words

Q1 Anil plays a major role in the transformation of Hari Singh Comment on the statement by

highlighting the values possessed by Anil which touched Harirsquos heart and made him return to his

honest ways of earning his livelihood

Q2 rdquoBut to be a really big man a clever and respected man was something elserdquo Hari finally

accepted the importance of education and honest living What do you think about the role of

education in changing people like Hari Comment on it by highlighting the values one imbibes

through education

Letter writing Enquiry letter

An Enquiry letter is a formal letter written to enquire and get details regarding something that a person is interested in It could be written with respect to an item that a person is interested in buying a course that a person wants to study a vacation trip that a person wants to go on etc

Format of Enquiry letter

1 Sender‟s address Include email and phone number if required

2 Date Below address

3 Receiver‟s address

4 Subject of the letter

5 Salutation (Sir respected sir madam) 6 Body Paragraph 1 Introduce yourself and the purpose of writing the letter Paragraph 2 Detail of the enquiry Paragraph 3 Conclude end

7 Complimentary Closing 8 Sender‟s name signature and designation (if any)

Sample questions and answers

Q You are Hardeepak Singh a brilliant student who has completed his class X from a small

town in Himachal Pradesh where not many facilities are available You friend has shown you an

advertisement about a coaching centre for IIT-JEE Write a letter to the Director of Surya

Coaching Centre asking for more details

Ans

4 Duffdunbar

Manali

5th April 2015

The Director

Surya Coaching Classes

Sarabha Nagar

Chandigarh

Sub Enquiry about IIT-JEE Coaching classes

Dear Sir

This is with reference to your advertisement in the lsquoIndian Expressrsquo for IIT-JEE coaching

classes I have appeared for my class X examination from the CBSE and am awaiting my result

I am keen on joining your institute for the coaching classes Kindly furnish the following details

(i) Duration of the Course (ii) Timings and fee structure (iii) Eligibility criteria for the course (iv) No of students in a batch (v) Facility of evening or part time batches

(vi) Facility for transport (vii) Future prospect of the course

Let me know about the procedure of applying for the screening test and also the date of the test I

would also like to know the frequency of classes per week Information about the study materials

is also welcome along with a copy of the prospectus

I have heard that yours is a reputed institute and I would like to enroll as soon as possible Your

early response will enable me to decide fast

Thanking you

Yours sincerely

Hardeepak Singh

Q2 You want to visit Udaipur and two other cities of Rajasthan during the next summer

vacations Write a letter to the Director Rajasthan Tourism Jaipur enquiring about at least four

things that you consider important before you plan your visit You are Venkatesh Iyer living at 3

Anna Nagar Nambaccum Chennai

Ans Anna Nagar

Nambaccum

Chennai

March 5 2020

The Director

Rajasthan Tourism

Jaipur

Subject About Tourist Destination

Sir

We a party of about 20 students from Chennai have a plan to visit Rajasthan during the coming

summer vacation Since it will be our frst visit to North India we are a bit shaky Would you

please supply the following information at the earliest to enable us to finalize our tour

programme in time

Are the tourist secure from highwaymen the terrorist and the police highhandedness in

your state

Which places are worth-visiting

Does your department organize tours

Shall we get accommodation for a night halt at Rest Houses

What is the guarantee that we shall not be fleeced

An early reply is solicited

Yours sincerely

Venkatesh Iyer

Practice Questions

Q1 You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur The institute

specializes in teaching science to classes XI ndash XII Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to

the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings duration staff

transport and other necessary details for joining the institute You are RajeshRajni 2 Library Road

Jabalpur

Q2 You are Secretary Students Council of ABC School Delhi You are organizing an excursion to Manali

Write a letter to the Director Tourism Department Manali asking to supply the information on the

terms and conditions of conducting excursion

Grammar section

Q1Read the conversation given below and complete the following paragraph

Reena I called you yesterday Where were you Arya I went to visit my grandmother Why did you call Reena I called to tell you that our results will be out next week Arya Are you sure Reena I saw the news in yesterdayrsquos newspaper

Reena told Arya that (a) and asked her where she had been Arya told her that (b)

grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)

results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper

Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you

Error correction

Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists

concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

exposure to the media others feel that the

present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip

ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI

ग गोवद सह पलक कल

बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब

वषय हद

का दसव

स 2020 -2021

पापतक कतका (भाग 2)

पाठ माता का अचल

लखक शवपजन सहाय

पाठ का साराश

तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात

बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ

लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह

चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर

लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़

जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती

ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)

१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर

२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए

३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह

४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर

५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख

६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए

७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए

८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर

नोट

पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह

सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर

ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)

१ या

परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह

या क भद कम क आधार पर

या क दो भद होत ह

अकमक या

परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह

सकमक या

परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह

२ या वशषण

परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह

या वशषण क चार भद ह

(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह

(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह

(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह

(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह

३ सबधबोधक

सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह

जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह

-------------------

२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह

--------------

३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह

-------------------------

४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह

-----------------------

४ समचयबोधक

दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह

ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह

जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह

५ वमयादबोधक

परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह

जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)

६ नपात

परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह

इह नपात कहत ह

जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम

भी हम भी बाजार जाएग

तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग

तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया

मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह

भर म उस जानता भर

ननलखत शद क पद परचय द

१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह

आजकल

हमारा

दश

बढ़ रहा ह

२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ

तम

अनज क

चाचा को

पलाओ

३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह

हम

भी

नह

कटब

४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग

वालय

जाकर

कछ

पढ़ोग

५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा

मीना

क साथ

दली

पताजी

क़ तब मीनार

नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह

नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर

ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर

कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख

₹₹

प लखन

औपचारक प का ाप

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )

परीा भवन

नई दली

दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020

महाबधक

दली परवहन नगम

इथ टट

नई दली

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन

महोदय

वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो

भवदय

कखग

ननलखत वषय पर प लख

१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 2: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

author expressed his desire to thank all those freedom fighters who couldn‟t live to see this autumn day He referred to the citizens as the greatest asset of the country It is these people he gathered his courage from Mandela believes that courageous is not the man who is fearless but the man who has overcome fear He also mentioned the two responsibilities every human has and how in order to fulfil his obligation towards the society his obligation towards his family was neglected He became a man of people when he realised that the idea of freedom was an illusion for him and people like him It was then he joined the African National Congress and fought for his rights till he became the first black President of the nation According to him the oppressor is as much a prisoner as the oppressed As soon as the former robs the oppressed of their freedom he himself gets robbed of his humanity Thus the oppressor too is not free

Answer the following questions in 30-40 words

Q1 At the beginning of his speech Mandela mentions ldquoan extraordinary human disasterrdquo What does he mean by this What is the ldquoglorious hellip human achievementrdquo he speaks of at the end

Q2 What does Mandela thank the international leaders for

Q3 What ideals does he set out for the future of South Africa

Q4 Why were two national anthems sung

Q5 What does courage mean to Mandela

Q6 What ldquotwin obligationsrdquo does Mandela mention

Q7 What did being free mean to Mandela as a boy and as a student How does he contrast these ldquotransitory freedomsrdquo with ldquothe basic and honourable freedomsrdquo

Q8 How did Mandela‟s bdquohunger for freedom‟ change his life

Answer the following question in 150 words

Would you agree that the ldquodepths of oppressionrdquo create ldquoheights of characterrdquo How does Mandela illustrate this

(Footprints without Feet) Chapter 2 - The Thief‟s Story

By- Ruskin Bond

Introduction to the lesson

A young boy makes friends with Anil Anil trusts him completely and employs him Does the boy betray his trust

The story is about a 15-year-old thief who changes his name every month to stay ahead of the police and old employers This time he kept his name Hari Singh The other person in the story is a 25 year old writer named Anil The thief meets Anil and asks him if he can work for him The story unfolds on how the thief betrays Anil by committing a theft but retracts later on

The Thief‟s Story Summary

The story is about two different people One is a thief of 15 years of age and the other is a man of approximately 25 years watching a wrestling match somewhere The name of the person watching the match is Anil The thief approaches Anil and starts talking to him because he feels that he had not robbed anyone in the past few days and thought that it would be easy to rob a simple person like Anil They both start talking and Anil asks the thief his name The thief introduces himself as Hari Singh This is not his real name as he changes his name every month to escape his ex employers or police Then they started talking about the wrestlers and Anil was leaving when Hari called him again and asked him if he could work for Anil Anil said that he wont be able to pay him but could feed him if he knew how to cook Hari lied that he knew how to cook Anil took Hari to his room which was above a sweet shop Hari cooked a meal which was really bad because Anil did not eat it Anil asked Hari to leave but he tried to please Anil Hari smiled in his most attractive way and Anil could not stop laughing looking at him Anil agreed to teach Hari how to cook write full sentences and add numbers Hari was grateful as he knew that there would be no limit to robbing people once he learnt how to read and write The narrator used to like working for Anil as he used to make him tea in the morning and then go out to buy the groceries for the day He also used to steal 1 rupee from the money that was given to him to buy the groceries everyday Anil knew that he used to steal but did not mind Anil used to make money by irregular works Sometimes he used to borrow money and the other day when he had money he would be lending it to other people Whenever he used to get money he would go out with his friends to celebrate One day Anil came in with a bundle of notes and told Hari that he had sold a book to a publisher At night he kept the money safely under the mattress of his bed Hari realized that he had been working for Anil for more than a month and had not stolen anything apart from the 1 rupee that he kept everyday from the

grocery money Hari had many chances to steal as he had the key to the room as well But he was surprised with the amount of trust Anil had on him as he had never seen such a trusting person in his life This trust thing was preventing him from robbing Anil as Hari thought that robbing a careless person like Anil didnt make much difference because he might not even notice that he had been robbed and that took out all the fun from the work Then he thought of stealing Anil‟s money and justified himself that if he didnt steal money from Anil then also he would waste it on his friends and also Anil didnt pay him for the work that he did Hari then woke up at night and quietly crawled to Anil‟s bed He steals the money and decides to leave the city by Lucknow Express that departed at 1030 When he reached the station the train had slowly started moving from the platform He could have easily caught the train but he hesitated and he himself did not know the reason for it Before he had reached the station he counted the money and it was 600 rupees in 50 rupee notes He could live a lavish life for 2 - 3 weeks with so much money After the train had left Hari was all alone at the train station He was left with no place to sleep at night The only person he knew was Anil and he had looted him as well He sat on a bench in a park and as it started to rain he sat down under the clock tower Then he realized that the notes had got wet He realized that learning how to read and write would help him to get a much more respectable and honest job which would pay him much more than these few hundred rupees Then he decided to go back to Anil‟s house He reached the room and placed the money back Next morning he woke up a bit late and Anil had already made his tea Aniul gave a 50 rupee note to Hari as he had got paid for some work and he would be paid regularly Hari took the note in his hand and realized that the note was still wet from the rain last night Hari realized that Anil had come to know about his misdeed but there was no sadness anger or guilt in his mind The narrator smiled in a beautiful way and it was genuine happiness as he knew that he had saved himself from the wrong road

Answer the following questions in 30-40 words

Q1 What are Hari Singh‟s reactions to the prospect of receiving an education Do they change over time

Q2 Why does not Anil hand the thief over to the police Do you think most people would have done so In what ways is Anil different from such employers

Q3 How does the thief think Anil will react to the theft

Q4 What does he say about the different reactions of people when they are robbed

Q5 Does Anil realise that he has been robbed

Answer the following question in 150 words

Q1 Anil plays a major role in the transformation of Hari Singh Comment on the statement by

highlighting the values possessed by Anil which touched Harirsquos heart and made him return to his

honest ways of earning his livelihood

Q2 rdquoBut to be a really big man a clever and respected man was something elserdquo Hari finally

accepted the importance of education and honest living What do you think about the role of

education in changing people like Hari Comment on it by highlighting the values one imbibes

through education

Letter writing Enquiry letter

An Enquiry letter is a formal letter written to enquire and get details regarding something that a person is interested in It could be written with respect to an item that a person is interested in buying a course that a person wants to study a vacation trip that a person wants to go on etc

Format of Enquiry letter

1 Sender‟s address Include email and phone number if required

2 Date Below address

3 Receiver‟s address

4 Subject of the letter

5 Salutation (Sir respected sir madam) 6 Body Paragraph 1 Introduce yourself and the purpose of writing the letter Paragraph 2 Detail of the enquiry Paragraph 3 Conclude end

7 Complimentary Closing 8 Sender‟s name signature and designation (if any)

Sample questions and answers

Q You are Hardeepak Singh a brilliant student who has completed his class X from a small

town in Himachal Pradesh where not many facilities are available You friend has shown you an

advertisement about a coaching centre for IIT-JEE Write a letter to the Director of Surya

Coaching Centre asking for more details

Ans

4 Duffdunbar

Manali

5th April 2015

The Director

Surya Coaching Classes

Sarabha Nagar

Chandigarh

Sub Enquiry about IIT-JEE Coaching classes

Dear Sir

This is with reference to your advertisement in the lsquoIndian Expressrsquo for IIT-JEE coaching

classes I have appeared for my class X examination from the CBSE and am awaiting my result

I am keen on joining your institute for the coaching classes Kindly furnish the following details

(i) Duration of the Course (ii) Timings and fee structure (iii) Eligibility criteria for the course (iv) No of students in a batch (v) Facility of evening or part time batches

(vi) Facility for transport (vii) Future prospect of the course

Let me know about the procedure of applying for the screening test and also the date of the test I

would also like to know the frequency of classes per week Information about the study materials

is also welcome along with a copy of the prospectus

I have heard that yours is a reputed institute and I would like to enroll as soon as possible Your

early response will enable me to decide fast

Thanking you

Yours sincerely

Hardeepak Singh

Q2 You want to visit Udaipur and two other cities of Rajasthan during the next summer

vacations Write a letter to the Director Rajasthan Tourism Jaipur enquiring about at least four

things that you consider important before you plan your visit You are Venkatesh Iyer living at 3

Anna Nagar Nambaccum Chennai

Ans Anna Nagar

Nambaccum

Chennai

March 5 2020

The Director

Rajasthan Tourism

Jaipur

Subject About Tourist Destination

Sir

We a party of about 20 students from Chennai have a plan to visit Rajasthan during the coming

summer vacation Since it will be our frst visit to North India we are a bit shaky Would you

please supply the following information at the earliest to enable us to finalize our tour

programme in time

Are the tourist secure from highwaymen the terrorist and the police highhandedness in

your state

Which places are worth-visiting

Does your department organize tours

Shall we get accommodation for a night halt at Rest Houses

What is the guarantee that we shall not be fleeced

An early reply is solicited

Yours sincerely

Venkatesh Iyer

Practice Questions

Q1 You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur The institute

specializes in teaching science to classes XI ndash XII Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to

the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings duration staff

transport and other necessary details for joining the institute You are RajeshRajni 2 Library Road

Jabalpur

Q2 You are Secretary Students Council of ABC School Delhi You are organizing an excursion to Manali

Write a letter to the Director Tourism Department Manali asking to supply the information on the

terms and conditions of conducting excursion

Grammar section

Q1Read the conversation given below and complete the following paragraph

Reena I called you yesterday Where were you Arya I went to visit my grandmother Why did you call Reena I called to tell you that our results will be out next week Arya Are you sure Reena I saw the news in yesterdayrsquos newspaper

Reena told Arya that (a) and asked her where she had been Arya told her that (b)

grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)

results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper

Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you

Error correction

Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists

concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

exposure to the media others feel that the

present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip

ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI

ग गोवद सह पलक कल

बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब

वषय हद

का दसव

स 2020 -2021

पापतक कतका (भाग 2)

पाठ माता का अचल

लखक शवपजन सहाय

पाठ का साराश

तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात

बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ

लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह

चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर

लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़

जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती

ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)

१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर

२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए

३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह

४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर

५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख

६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए

७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए

८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर

नोट

पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह

सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर

ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)

१ या

परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह

या क भद कम क आधार पर

या क दो भद होत ह

अकमक या

परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह

सकमक या

परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह

२ या वशषण

परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह

या वशषण क चार भद ह

(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह

(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह

(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह

(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह

३ सबधबोधक

सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह

जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह

-------------------

२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह

--------------

३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह

-------------------------

४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह

-----------------------

४ समचयबोधक

दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह

ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह

जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह

५ वमयादबोधक

परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह

जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)

६ नपात

परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह

इह नपात कहत ह

जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम

भी हम भी बाजार जाएग

तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग

तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया

मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह

भर म उस जानता भर

ननलखत शद क पद परचय द

१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह

आजकल

हमारा

दश

बढ़ रहा ह

२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ

तम

अनज क

चाचा को

पलाओ

३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह

हम

भी

नह

कटब

४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग

वालय

जाकर

कछ

पढ़ोग

५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा

मीना

क साथ

दली

पताजी

क़ तब मीनार

नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह

नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर

ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर

कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख

₹₹

प लखन

औपचारक प का ाप

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )

परीा भवन

नई दली

दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020

महाबधक

दली परवहन नगम

इथ टट

नई दली

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन

महोदय

वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो

भवदय

कखग

ननलखत वषय पर प लख

१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 3: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Introduction to the lesson

A young boy makes friends with Anil Anil trusts him completely and employs him Does the boy betray his trust

The story is about a 15-year-old thief who changes his name every month to stay ahead of the police and old employers This time he kept his name Hari Singh The other person in the story is a 25 year old writer named Anil The thief meets Anil and asks him if he can work for him The story unfolds on how the thief betrays Anil by committing a theft but retracts later on

The Thief‟s Story Summary

The story is about two different people One is a thief of 15 years of age and the other is a man of approximately 25 years watching a wrestling match somewhere The name of the person watching the match is Anil The thief approaches Anil and starts talking to him because he feels that he had not robbed anyone in the past few days and thought that it would be easy to rob a simple person like Anil They both start talking and Anil asks the thief his name The thief introduces himself as Hari Singh This is not his real name as he changes his name every month to escape his ex employers or police Then they started talking about the wrestlers and Anil was leaving when Hari called him again and asked him if he could work for Anil Anil said that he wont be able to pay him but could feed him if he knew how to cook Hari lied that he knew how to cook Anil took Hari to his room which was above a sweet shop Hari cooked a meal which was really bad because Anil did not eat it Anil asked Hari to leave but he tried to please Anil Hari smiled in his most attractive way and Anil could not stop laughing looking at him Anil agreed to teach Hari how to cook write full sentences and add numbers Hari was grateful as he knew that there would be no limit to robbing people once he learnt how to read and write The narrator used to like working for Anil as he used to make him tea in the morning and then go out to buy the groceries for the day He also used to steal 1 rupee from the money that was given to him to buy the groceries everyday Anil knew that he used to steal but did not mind Anil used to make money by irregular works Sometimes he used to borrow money and the other day when he had money he would be lending it to other people Whenever he used to get money he would go out with his friends to celebrate One day Anil came in with a bundle of notes and told Hari that he had sold a book to a publisher At night he kept the money safely under the mattress of his bed Hari realized that he had been working for Anil for more than a month and had not stolen anything apart from the 1 rupee that he kept everyday from the

grocery money Hari had many chances to steal as he had the key to the room as well But he was surprised with the amount of trust Anil had on him as he had never seen such a trusting person in his life This trust thing was preventing him from robbing Anil as Hari thought that robbing a careless person like Anil didnt make much difference because he might not even notice that he had been robbed and that took out all the fun from the work Then he thought of stealing Anil‟s money and justified himself that if he didnt steal money from Anil then also he would waste it on his friends and also Anil didnt pay him for the work that he did Hari then woke up at night and quietly crawled to Anil‟s bed He steals the money and decides to leave the city by Lucknow Express that departed at 1030 When he reached the station the train had slowly started moving from the platform He could have easily caught the train but he hesitated and he himself did not know the reason for it Before he had reached the station he counted the money and it was 600 rupees in 50 rupee notes He could live a lavish life for 2 - 3 weeks with so much money After the train had left Hari was all alone at the train station He was left with no place to sleep at night The only person he knew was Anil and he had looted him as well He sat on a bench in a park and as it started to rain he sat down under the clock tower Then he realized that the notes had got wet He realized that learning how to read and write would help him to get a much more respectable and honest job which would pay him much more than these few hundred rupees Then he decided to go back to Anil‟s house He reached the room and placed the money back Next morning he woke up a bit late and Anil had already made his tea Aniul gave a 50 rupee note to Hari as he had got paid for some work and he would be paid regularly Hari took the note in his hand and realized that the note was still wet from the rain last night Hari realized that Anil had come to know about his misdeed but there was no sadness anger or guilt in his mind The narrator smiled in a beautiful way and it was genuine happiness as he knew that he had saved himself from the wrong road

Answer the following questions in 30-40 words

Q1 What are Hari Singh‟s reactions to the prospect of receiving an education Do they change over time

Q2 Why does not Anil hand the thief over to the police Do you think most people would have done so In what ways is Anil different from such employers

Q3 How does the thief think Anil will react to the theft

Q4 What does he say about the different reactions of people when they are robbed

Q5 Does Anil realise that he has been robbed

Answer the following question in 150 words

Q1 Anil plays a major role in the transformation of Hari Singh Comment on the statement by

highlighting the values possessed by Anil which touched Harirsquos heart and made him return to his

honest ways of earning his livelihood

Q2 rdquoBut to be a really big man a clever and respected man was something elserdquo Hari finally

accepted the importance of education and honest living What do you think about the role of

education in changing people like Hari Comment on it by highlighting the values one imbibes

through education

Letter writing Enquiry letter

An Enquiry letter is a formal letter written to enquire and get details regarding something that a person is interested in It could be written with respect to an item that a person is interested in buying a course that a person wants to study a vacation trip that a person wants to go on etc

Format of Enquiry letter

1 Sender‟s address Include email and phone number if required

2 Date Below address

3 Receiver‟s address

4 Subject of the letter

5 Salutation (Sir respected sir madam) 6 Body Paragraph 1 Introduce yourself and the purpose of writing the letter Paragraph 2 Detail of the enquiry Paragraph 3 Conclude end

7 Complimentary Closing 8 Sender‟s name signature and designation (if any)

Sample questions and answers

Q You are Hardeepak Singh a brilliant student who has completed his class X from a small

town in Himachal Pradesh where not many facilities are available You friend has shown you an

advertisement about a coaching centre for IIT-JEE Write a letter to the Director of Surya

Coaching Centre asking for more details

Ans

4 Duffdunbar

Manali

5th April 2015

The Director

Surya Coaching Classes

Sarabha Nagar

Chandigarh

Sub Enquiry about IIT-JEE Coaching classes

Dear Sir

This is with reference to your advertisement in the lsquoIndian Expressrsquo for IIT-JEE coaching

classes I have appeared for my class X examination from the CBSE and am awaiting my result

I am keen on joining your institute for the coaching classes Kindly furnish the following details

(i) Duration of the Course (ii) Timings and fee structure (iii) Eligibility criteria for the course (iv) No of students in a batch (v) Facility of evening or part time batches

(vi) Facility for transport (vii) Future prospect of the course

Let me know about the procedure of applying for the screening test and also the date of the test I

would also like to know the frequency of classes per week Information about the study materials

is also welcome along with a copy of the prospectus

I have heard that yours is a reputed institute and I would like to enroll as soon as possible Your

early response will enable me to decide fast

Thanking you

Yours sincerely

Hardeepak Singh

Q2 You want to visit Udaipur and two other cities of Rajasthan during the next summer

vacations Write a letter to the Director Rajasthan Tourism Jaipur enquiring about at least four

things that you consider important before you plan your visit You are Venkatesh Iyer living at 3

Anna Nagar Nambaccum Chennai

Ans Anna Nagar

Nambaccum

Chennai

March 5 2020

The Director

Rajasthan Tourism

Jaipur

Subject About Tourist Destination

Sir

We a party of about 20 students from Chennai have a plan to visit Rajasthan during the coming

summer vacation Since it will be our frst visit to North India we are a bit shaky Would you

please supply the following information at the earliest to enable us to finalize our tour

programme in time

Are the tourist secure from highwaymen the terrorist and the police highhandedness in

your state

Which places are worth-visiting

Does your department organize tours

Shall we get accommodation for a night halt at Rest Houses

What is the guarantee that we shall not be fleeced

An early reply is solicited

Yours sincerely

Venkatesh Iyer

Practice Questions

Q1 You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur The institute

specializes in teaching science to classes XI ndash XII Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to

the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings duration staff

transport and other necessary details for joining the institute You are RajeshRajni 2 Library Road

Jabalpur

Q2 You are Secretary Students Council of ABC School Delhi You are organizing an excursion to Manali

Write a letter to the Director Tourism Department Manali asking to supply the information on the

terms and conditions of conducting excursion

Grammar section

Q1Read the conversation given below and complete the following paragraph

Reena I called you yesterday Where were you Arya I went to visit my grandmother Why did you call Reena I called to tell you that our results will be out next week Arya Are you sure Reena I saw the news in yesterdayrsquos newspaper

Reena told Arya that (a) and asked her where she had been Arya told her that (b)

grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)

results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper

Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you

Error correction

Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists

concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

exposure to the media others feel that the

present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip

ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI

ग गोवद सह पलक कल

बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब

वषय हद

का दसव

स 2020 -2021

पापतक कतका (भाग 2)

पाठ माता का अचल

लखक शवपजन सहाय

पाठ का साराश

तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात

बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ

लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह

चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर

लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़

जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती

ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)

१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर

२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए

३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह

४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर

५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख

६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए

७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए

८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर

नोट

पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह

सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर

ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)

१ या

परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह

या क भद कम क आधार पर

या क दो भद होत ह

अकमक या

परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह

सकमक या

परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह

२ या वशषण

परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह

या वशषण क चार भद ह

(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह

(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह

(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह

(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह

३ सबधबोधक

सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह

जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह

-------------------

२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह

--------------

३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह

-------------------------

४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह

-----------------------

४ समचयबोधक

दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह

ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह

जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह

५ वमयादबोधक

परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह

जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)

६ नपात

परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह

इह नपात कहत ह

जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम

भी हम भी बाजार जाएग

तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग

तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया

मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह

भर म उस जानता भर

ननलखत शद क पद परचय द

१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह

आजकल

हमारा

दश

बढ़ रहा ह

२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ

तम

अनज क

चाचा को

पलाओ

३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह

हम

भी

नह

कटब

४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग

वालय

जाकर

कछ

पढ़ोग

५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा

मीना

क साथ

दली

पताजी

क़ तब मीनार

नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह

नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर

ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर

कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख

₹₹

प लखन

औपचारक प का ाप

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )

परीा भवन

नई दली

दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020

महाबधक

दली परवहन नगम

इथ टट

नई दली

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन

महोदय

वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो

भवदय

कखग

ननलखत वषय पर प लख

१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 4: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

grocery money Hari had many chances to steal as he had the key to the room as well But he was surprised with the amount of trust Anil had on him as he had never seen such a trusting person in his life This trust thing was preventing him from robbing Anil as Hari thought that robbing a careless person like Anil didnt make much difference because he might not even notice that he had been robbed and that took out all the fun from the work Then he thought of stealing Anil‟s money and justified himself that if he didnt steal money from Anil then also he would waste it on his friends and also Anil didnt pay him for the work that he did Hari then woke up at night and quietly crawled to Anil‟s bed He steals the money and decides to leave the city by Lucknow Express that departed at 1030 When he reached the station the train had slowly started moving from the platform He could have easily caught the train but he hesitated and he himself did not know the reason for it Before he had reached the station he counted the money and it was 600 rupees in 50 rupee notes He could live a lavish life for 2 - 3 weeks with so much money After the train had left Hari was all alone at the train station He was left with no place to sleep at night The only person he knew was Anil and he had looted him as well He sat on a bench in a park and as it started to rain he sat down under the clock tower Then he realized that the notes had got wet He realized that learning how to read and write would help him to get a much more respectable and honest job which would pay him much more than these few hundred rupees Then he decided to go back to Anil‟s house He reached the room and placed the money back Next morning he woke up a bit late and Anil had already made his tea Aniul gave a 50 rupee note to Hari as he had got paid for some work and he would be paid regularly Hari took the note in his hand and realized that the note was still wet from the rain last night Hari realized that Anil had come to know about his misdeed but there was no sadness anger or guilt in his mind The narrator smiled in a beautiful way and it was genuine happiness as he knew that he had saved himself from the wrong road

Answer the following questions in 30-40 words

Q1 What are Hari Singh‟s reactions to the prospect of receiving an education Do they change over time

Q2 Why does not Anil hand the thief over to the police Do you think most people would have done so In what ways is Anil different from such employers

Q3 How does the thief think Anil will react to the theft

Q4 What does he say about the different reactions of people when they are robbed

Q5 Does Anil realise that he has been robbed

Answer the following question in 150 words

Q1 Anil plays a major role in the transformation of Hari Singh Comment on the statement by

highlighting the values possessed by Anil which touched Harirsquos heart and made him return to his

honest ways of earning his livelihood

Q2 rdquoBut to be a really big man a clever and respected man was something elserdquo Hari finally

accepted the importance of education and honest living What do you think about the role of

education in changing people like Hari Comment on it by highlighting the values one imbibes

through education

Letter writing Enquiry letter

An Enquiry letter is a formal letter written to enquire and get details regarding something that a person is interested in It could be written with respect to an item that a person is interested in buying a course that a person wants to study a vacation trip that a person wants to go on etc

Format of Enquiry letter

1 Sender‟s address Include email and phone number if required

2 Date Below address

3 Receiver‟s address

4 Subject of the letter

5 Salutation (Sir respected sir madam) 6 Body Paragraph 1 Introduce yourself and the purpose of writing the letter Paragraph 2 Detail of the enquiry Paragraph 3 Conclude end

7 Complimentary Closing 8 Sender‟s name signature and designation (if any)

Sample questions and answers

Q You are Hardeepak Singh a brilliant student who has completed his class X from a small

town in Himachal Pradesh where not many facilities are available You friend has shown you an

advertisement about a coaching centre for IIT-JEE Write a letter to the Director of Surya

Coaching Centre asking for more details

Ans

4 Duffdunbar

Manali

5th April 2015

The Director

Surya Coaching Classes

Sarabha Nagar

Chandigarh

Sub Enquiry about IIT-JEE Coaching classes

Dear Sir

This is with reference to your advertisement in the lsquoIndian Expressrsquo for IIT-JEE coaching

classes I have appeared for my class X examination from the CBSE and am awaiting my result

I am keen on joining your institute for the coaching classes Kindly furnish the following details

(i) Duration of the Course (ii) Timings and fee structure (iii) Eligibility criteria for the course (iv) No of students in a batch (v) Facility of evening or part time batches

(vi) Facility for transport (vii) Future prospect of the course

Let me know about the procedure of applying for the screening test and also the date of the test I

would also like to know the frequency of classes per week Information about the study materials

is also welcome along with a copy of the prospectus

I have heard that yours is a reputed institute and I would like to enroll as soon as possible Your

early response will enable me to decide fast

Thanking you

Yours sincerely

Hardeepak Singh

Q2 You want to visit Udaipur and two other cities of Rajasthan during the next summer

vacations Write a letter to the Director Rajasthan Tourism Jaipur enquiring about at least four

things that you consider important before you plan your visit You are Venkatesh Iyer living at 3

Anna Nagar Nambaccum Chennai

Ans Anna Nagar

Nambaccum

Chennai

March 5 2020

The Director

Rajasthan Tourism

Jaipur

Subject About Tourist Destination

Sir

We a party of about 20 students from Chennai have a plan to visit Rajasthan during the coming

summer vacation Since it will be our frst visit to North India we are a bit shaky Would you

please supply the following information at the earliest to enable us to finalize our tour

programme in time

Are the tourist secure from highwaymen the terrorist and the police highhandedness in

your state

Which places are worth-visiting

Does your department organize tours

Shall we get accommodation for a night halt at Rest Houses

What is the guarantee that we shall not be fleeced

An early reply is solicited

Yours sincerely

Venkatesh Iyer

Practice Questions

Q1 You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur The institute

specializes in teaching science to classes XI ndash XII Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to

the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings duration staff

transport and other necessary details for joining the institute You are RajeshRajni 2 Library Road

Jabalpur

Q2 You are Secretary Students Council of ABC School Delhi You are organizing an excursion to Manali

Write a letter to the Director Tourism Department Manali asking to supply the information on the

terms and conditions of conducting excursion

Grammar section

Q1Read the conversation given below and complete the following paragraph

Reena I called you yesterday Where were you Arya I went to visit my grandmother Why did you call Reena I called to tell you that our results will be out next week Arya Are you sure Reena I saw the news in yesterdayrsquos newspaper

Reena told Arya that (a) and asked her where she had been Arya told her that (b)

grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)

results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper

Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you

Error correction

Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists

concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

exposure to the media others feel that the

present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip

ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI

ग गोवद सह पलक कल

बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब

वषय हद

का दसव

स 2020 -2021

पापतक कतका (भाग 2)

पाठ माता का अचल

लखक शवपजन सहाय

पाठ का साराश

तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात

बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ

लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह

चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर

लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़

जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती

ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)

१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर

२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए

३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह

४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर

५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख

६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए

७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए

८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर

नोट

पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह

सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर

ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)

१ या

परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह

या क भद कम क आधार पर

या क दो भद होत ह

अकमक या

परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह

सकमक या

परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह

२ या वशषण

परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह

या वशषण क चार भद ह

(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह

(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह

(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह

(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह

३ सबधबोधक

सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह

जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह

-------------------

२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह

--------------

३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह

-------------------------

४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह

-----------------------

४ समचयबोधक

दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह

ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह

जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह

५ वमयादबोधक

परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह

जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)

६ नपात

परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह

इह नपात कहत ह

जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम

भी हम भी बाजार जाएग

तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग

तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया

मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह

भर म उस जानता भर

ननलखत शद क पद परचय द

१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह

आजकल

हमारा

दश

बढ़ रहा ह

२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ

तम

अनज क

चाचा को

पलाओ

३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह

हम

भी

नह

कटब

४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग

वालय

जाकर

कछ

पढ़ोग

५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा

मीना

क साथ

दली

पताजी

क़ तब मीनार

नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह

नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर

ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर

कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख

₹₹

प लखन

औपचारक प का ाप

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )

परीा भवन

नई दली

दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020

महाबधक

दली परवहन नगम

इथ टट

नई दली

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन

महोदय

वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो

भवदय

कखग

ननलखत वषय पर प लख

१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 5: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Answer the following question in 150 words

Q1 Anil plays a major role in the transformation of Hari Singh Comment on the statement by

highlighting the values possessed by Anil which touched Harirsquos heart and made him return to his

honest ways of earning his livelihood

Q2 rdquoBut to be a really big man a clever and respected man was something elserdquo Hari finally

accepted the importance of education and honest living What do you think about the role of

education in changing people like Hari Comment on it by highlighting the values one imbibes

through education

Letter writing Enquiry letter

An Enquiry letter is a formal letter written to enquire and get details regarding something that a person is interested in It could be written with respect to an item that a person is interested in buying a course that a person wants to study a vacation trip that a person wants to go on etc

Format of Enquiry letter

1 Sender‟s address Include email and phone number if required

2 Date Below address

3 Receiver‟s address

4 Subject of the letter

5 Salutation (Sir respected sir madam) 6 Body Paragraph 1 Introduce yourself and the purpose of writing the letter Paragraph 2 Detail of the enquiry Paragraph 3 Conclude end

7 Complimentary Closing 8 Sender‟s name signature and designation (if any)

Sample questions and answers

Q You are Hardeepak Singh a brilliant student who has completed his class X from a small

town in Himachal Pradesh where not many facilities are available You friend has shown you an

advertisement about a coaching centre for IIT-JEE Write a letter to the Director of Surya

Coaching Centre asking for more details

Ans

4 Duffdunbar

Manali

5th April 2015

The Director

Surya Coaching Classes

Sarabha Nagar

Chandigarh

Sub Enquiry about IIT-JEE Coaching classes

Dear Sir

This is with reference to your advertisement in the lsquoIndian Expressrsquo for IIT-JEE coaching

classes I have appeared for my class X examination from the CBSE and am awaiting my result

I am keen on joining your institute for the coaching classes Kindly furnish the following details

(i) Duration of the Course (ii) Timings and fee structure (iii) Eligibility criteria for the course (iv) No of students in a batch (v) Facility of evening or part time batches

(vi) Facility for transport (vii) Future prospect of the course

Let me know about the procedure of applying for the screening test and also the date of the test I

would also like to know the frequency of classes per week Information about the study materials

is also welcome along with a copy of the prospectus

I have heard that yours is a reputed institute and I would like to enroll as soon as possible Your

early response will enable me to decide fast

Thanking you

Yours sincerely

Hardeepak Singh

Q2 You want to visit Udaipur and two other cities of Rajasthan during the next summer

vacations Write a letter to the Director Rajasthan Tourism Jaipur enquiring about at least four

things that you consider important before you plan your visit You are Venkatesh Iyer living at 3

Anna Nagar Nambaccum Chennai

Ans Anna Nagar

Nambaccum

Chennai

March 5 2020

The Director

Rajasthan Tourism

Jaipur

Subject About Tourist Destination

Sir

We a party of about 20 students from Chennai have a plan to visit Rajasthan during the coming

summer vacation Since it will be our frst visit to North India we are a bit shaky Would you

please supply the following information at the earliest to enable us to finalize our tour

programme in time

Are the tourist secure from highwaymen the terrorist and the police highhandedness in

your state

Which places are worth-visiting

Does your department organize tours

Shall we get accommodation for a night halt at Rest Houses

What is the guarantee that we shall not be fleeced

An early reply is solicited

Yours sincerely

Venkatesh Iyer

Practice Questions

Q1 You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur The institute

specializes in teaching science to classes XI ndash XII Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to

the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings duration staff

transport and other necessary details for joining the institute You are RajeshRajni 2 Library Road

Jabalpur

Q2 You are Secretary Students Council of ABC School Delhi You are organizing an excursion to Manali

Write a letter to the Director Tourism Department Manali asking to supply the information on the

terms and conditions of conducting excursion

Grammar section

Q1Read the conversation given below and complete the following paragraph

Reena I called you yesterday Where were you Arya I went to visit my grandmother Why did you call Reena I called to tell you that our results will be out next week Arya Are you sure Reena I saw the news in yesterdayrsquos newspaper

Reena told Arya that (a) and asked her where she had been Arya told her that (b)

grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)

results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper

Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you

Error correction

Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists

concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

exposure to the media others feel that the

present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip

ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI

ग गोवद सह पलक कल

बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब

वषय हद

का दसव

स 2020 -2021

पापतक कतका (भाग 2)

पाठ माता का अचल

लखक शवपजन सहाय

पाठ का साराश

तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात

बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ

लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह

चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर

लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़

जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती

ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)

१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर

२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए

३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह

४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर

५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख

६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए

७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए

८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर

नोट

पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह

सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर

ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)

१ या

परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह

या क भद कम क आधार पर

या क दो भद होत ह

अकमक या

परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह

सकमक या

परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह

२ या वशषण

परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह

या वशषण क चार भद ह

(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह

(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह

(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह

(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह

३ सबधबोधक

सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह

जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह

-------------------

२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह

--------------

३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह

-------------------------

४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह

-----------------------

४ समचयबोधक

दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह

ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह

जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह

५ वमयादबोधक

परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह

जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)

६ नपात

परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह

इह नपात कहत ह

जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम

भी हम भी बाजार जाएग

तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग

तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया

मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह

भर म उस जानता भर

ननलखत शद क पद परचय द

१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह

आजकल

हमारा

दश

बढ़ रहा ह

२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ

तम

अनज क

चाचा को

पलाओ

३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह

हम

भी

नह

कटब

४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग

वालय

जाकर

कछ

पढ़ोग

५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा

मीना

क साथ

दली

पताजी

क़ तब मीनार

नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह

नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर

ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर

कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख

₹₹

प लखन

औपचारक प का ाप

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )

परीा भवन

नई दली

दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020

महाबधक

दली परवहन नगम

इथ टट

नई दली

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन

महोदय

वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो

भवदय

कखग

ननलखत वषय पर प लख

१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 6: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

The Director

Surya Coaching Classes

Sarabha Nagar

Chandigarh

Sub Enquiry about IIT-JEE Coaching classes

Dear Sir

This is with reference to your advertisement in the lsquoIndian Expressrsquo for IIT-JEE coaching

classes I have appeared for my class X examination from the CBSE and am awaiting my result

I am keen on joining your institute for the coaching classes Kindly furnish the following details

(i) Duration of the Course (ii) Timings and fee structure (iii) Eligibility criteria for the course (iv) No of students in a batch (v) Facility of evening or part time batches

(vi) Facility for transport (vii) Future prospect of the course

Let me know about the procedure of applying for the screening test and also the date of the test I

would also like to know the frequency of classes per week Information about the study materials

is also welcome along with a copy of the prospectus

I have heard that yours is a reputed institute and I would like to enroll as soon as possible Your

early response will enable me to decide fast

Thanking you

Yours sincerely

Hardeepak Singh

Q2 You want to visit Udaipur and two other cities of Rajasthan during the next summer

vacations Write a letter to the Director Rajasthan Tourism Jaipur enquiring about at least four

things that you consider important before you plan your visit You are Venkatesh Iyer living at 3

Anna Nagar Nambaccum Chennai

Ans Anna Nagar

Nambaccum

Chennai

March 5 2020

The Director

Rajasthan Tourism

Jaipur

Subject About Tourist Destination

Sir

We a party of about 20 students from Chennai have a plan to visit Rajasthan during the coming

summer vacation Since it will be our frst visit to North India we are a bit shaky Would you

please supply the following information at the earliest to enable us to finalize our tour

programme in time

Are the tourist secure from highwaymen the terrorist and the police highhandedness in

your state

Which places are worth-visiting

Does your department organize tours

Shall we get accommodation for a night halt at Rest Houses

What is the guarantee that we shall not be fleeced

An early reply is solicited

Yours sincerely

Venkatesh Iyer

Practice Questions

Q1 You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur The institute

specializes in teaching science to classes XI ndash XII Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to

the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings duration staff

transport and other necessary details for joining the institute You are RajeshRajni 2 Library Road

Jabalpur

Q2 You are Secretary Students Council of ABC School Delhi You are organizing an excursion to Manali

Write a letter to the Director Tourism Department Manali asking to supply the information on the

terms and conditions of conducting excursion

Grammar section

Q1Read the conversation given below and complete the following paragraph

Reena I called you yesterday Where were you Arya I went to visit my grandmother Why did you call Reena I called to tell you that our results will be out next week Arya Are you sure Reena I saw the news in yesterdayrsquos newspaper

Reena told Arya that (a) and asked her where she had been Arya told her that (b)

grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)

results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper

Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you

Error correction

Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists

concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

exposure to the media others feel that the

present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip

ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI

ग गोवद सह पलक कल

बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब

वषय हद

का दसव

स 2020 -2021

पापतक कतका (भाग 2)

पाठ माता का अचल

लखक शवपजन सहाय

पाठ का साराश

तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात

बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ

लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह

चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर

लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़

जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती

ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)

१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर

२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए

३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह

४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर

५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख

६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए

७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए

८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर

नोट

पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह

सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर

ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)

१ या

परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह

या क भद कम क आधार पर

या क दो भद होत ह

अकमक या

परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह

सकमक या

परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह

२ या वशषण

परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह

या वशषण क चार भद ह

(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह

(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह

(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह

(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह

३ सबधबोधक

सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह

जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह

-------------------

२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह

--------------

३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह

-------------------------

४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह

-----------------------

४ समचयबोधक

दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह

ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह

जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह

५ वमयादबोधक

परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह

जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)

६ नपात

परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह

इह नपात कहत ह

जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम

भी हम भी बाजार जाएग

तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग

तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया

मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह

भर म उस जानता भर

ननलखत शद क पद परचय द

१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह

आजकल

हमारा

दश

बढ़ रहा ह

२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ

तम

अनज क

चाचा को

पलाओ

३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह

हम

भी

नह

कटब

४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग

वालय

जाकर

कछ

पढ़ोग

५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा

मीना

क साथ

दली

पताजी

क़ तब मीनार

नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह

नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर

ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर

कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख

₹₹

प लखन

औपचारक प का ाप

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )

परीा भवन

नई दली

दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020

महाबधक

दली परवहन नगम

इथ टट

नई दली

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन

महोदय

वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो

भवदय

कखग

ननलखत वषय पर प लख

१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 7: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Subject About Tourist Destination

Sir

We a party of about 20 students from Chennai have a plan to visit Rajasthan during the coming

summer vacation Since it will be our frst visit to North India we are a bit shaky Would you

please supply the following information at the earliest to enable us to finalize our tour

programme in time

Are the tourist secure from highwaymen the terrorist and the police highhandedness in

your state

Which places are worth-visiting

Does your department organize tours

Shall we get accommodation for a night halt at Rest Houses

What is the guarantee that we shall not be fleeced

An early reply is solicited

Yours sincerely

Venkatesh Iyer

Practice Questions

Q1 You intend to join coaching classes at International Coaching Center situated in Raipur The institute

specializes in teaching science to classes XI ndash XII Write a letter of inquiry in 100-120 words addressed to

the Administrator incharge of the institute seeking clarification about the timings duration staff

transport and other necessary details for joining the institute You are RajeshRajni 2 Library Road

Jabalpur

Q2 You are Secretary Students Council of ABC School Delhi You are organizing an excursion to Manali

Write a letter to the Director Tourism Department Manali asking to supply the information on the

terms and conditions of conducting excursion

Grammar section

Q1Read the conversation given below and complete the following paragraph

Reena I called you yesterday Where were you Arya I went to visit my grandmother Why did you call Reena I called to tell you that our results will be out next week Arya Are you sure Reena I saw the news in yesterdayrsquos newspaper

Reena told Arya that (a) and asked her where she had been Arya told her that (b)

grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)

results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper

Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you

Error correction

Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists

concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

exposure to the media others feel that the

present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip

ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI

ग गोवद सह पलक कल

बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब

वषय हद

का दसव

स 2020 -2021

पापतक कतका (भाग 2)

पाठ माता का अचल

लखक शवपजन सहाय

पाठ का साराश

तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात

बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ

लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह

चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर

लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़

जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती

ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)

१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर

२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए

३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह

४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर

५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख

६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए

७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए

८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर

नोट

पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह

सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर

ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)

१ या

परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह

या क भद कम क आधार पर

या क दो भद होत ह

अकमक या

परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह

सकमक या

परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह

२ या वशषण

परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह

या वशषण क चार भद ह

(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह

(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह

(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह

(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह

३ सबधबोधक

सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह

जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह

-------------------

२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह

--------------

३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह

-------------------------

४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह

-----------------------

४ समचयबोधक

दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह

ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह

जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह

५ वमयादबोधक

परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह

जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)

६ नपात

परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह

इह नपात कहत ह

जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम

भी हम भी बाजार जाएग

तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग

तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया

मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह

भर म उस जानता भर

ननलखत शद क पद परचय द

१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह

आजकल

हमारा

दश

बढ़ रहा ह

२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ

तम

अनज क

चाचा को

पलाओ

३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह

हम

भी

नह

कटब

४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग

वालय

जाकर

कछ

पढ़ोग

५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा

मीना

क साथ

दली

पताजी

क़ तब मीनार

नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह

नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर

ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर

कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख

₹₹

प लखन

औपचारक प का ाप

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )

परीा भवन

नई दली

दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020

महाबधक

दली परवहन नगम

इथ टट

नई दली

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन

महोदय

वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो

भवदय

कखग

ननलखत वषय पर प लख

१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 8: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

grandmother and enquired (c)helliphelliphelliphellip Reena told her that she (d)

results would be out next week When Arya asked (e)helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellipReena told her (f) newspaper

Q2Read the following paragraph and edit it There is an error in each line Write the incorrect word and the correction against each blank in your answer sheet One has been done for you

Error correction

Educationist today are overwhelmingly ie a) Educationist Educationists

concern about the future of the youngsters b)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

The common complaint is students doesnrsquot c)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

study they are not interested Some blames d)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

exposure to the media others feel that the

present generation are not serious enough e)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

The CBSE expresses this concern of f)helliphellip helliphelliphellip

reviewing the syllabus for time to time The g)helliphelliphellip helliphelliphellip

idea is to build a complete personality of an individual h)helliphellip helliphellip

ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI

ग गोवद सह पलक कल

बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब

वषय हद

का दसव

स 2020 -2021

पापतक कतका (भाग 2)

पाठ माता का अचल

लखक शवपजन सहाय

पाठ का साराश

तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात

बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ

लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह

चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर

लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़

जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती

ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)

१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर

२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए

३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह

४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर

५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख

६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए

७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए

८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर

नोट

पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह

सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर

ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)

१ या

परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह

या क भद कम क आधार पर

या क दो भद होत ह

अकमक या

परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह

सकमक या

परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह

२ या वशषण

परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह

या वशषण क चार भद ह

(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह

(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह

(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह

(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह

३ सबधबोधक

सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह

जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह

-------------------

२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह

--------------

३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह

-------------------------

४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह

-----------------------

४ समचयबोधक

दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह

ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह

जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह

५ वमयादबोधक

परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह

जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)

६ नपात

परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह

इह नपात कहत ह

जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम

भी हम भी बाजार जाएग

तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग

तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया

मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह

भर म उस जानता भर

ननलखत शद क पद परचय द

१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह

आजकल

हमारा

दश

बढ़ रहा ह

२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ

तम

अनज क

चाचा को

पलाओ

३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह

हम

भी

नह

कटब

४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग

वालय

जाकर

कछ

पढ़ोग

५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा

मीना

क साथ

दली

पताजी

क़ तब मीनार

नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह

नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर

ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर

कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख

₹₹

प लखन

औपचारक प का ाप

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )

परीा भवन

नई दली

दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020

महाबधक

दली परवहन नगम

इथ टट

नई दली

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन

महोदय

वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो

भवदय

कखग

ननलखत वषय पर प लख

१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 9: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

ASSIGNMENT3 CLASS10 SUBJECTHINDI

ग गोवद सह पलक कल

बोकारो इपात नगर जनवत 5ब

वषय हद

का दसव

स 2020 -2021

पापतक कतका (भाग 2)

पाठ माता का अचल

लखक शवपजन सहाय

पाठ का साराश

तत पाठ म लखक शवपजन सहाय पाठक को यह बताना चाहत ह क सभी पता अपन बच स बहद यार करत ह उहसरा दान करत ह और उनक पालन पोषण हत धन कमान क लए कड़ी महनत करत ह लकन फर भी यार पता मा काथान कभी नह ल पात

बच अपन आपको कवल मा क गोद म ही सरत समझत ह यहा लखक इसी प को उजागर कर रह ह इस पाठ मलखक न यह बताया ह क वह बचपन स ही पता स ऐस जड़ गए थ क रात को सोना खाना खाना नहाना पजा-पाठ सबकछ वह पता क सग ही कया करत थ

लखक क चौड़ ललाट पर चमकत पड को दखकर उसक पता उस भोलाराम कह कर पकारत थ जबक लखक कावातवक नाम तारकर था कहत ह क रामायण पाठ करत समय जब वह दपण म अपना मख नहारत तो उस बड़ी शममहसस होती थी लखक का पता रोज रामायण का पाठ करत और 500 बार राम नाम लखत छोट-छोट कागज को आटक गोलय म लपटकर मछलय को खलात थ उस व भी अपन पता क कध पर सवार रहत रहत थ घर वापस आतसमय उसक पता उस पड़ पर बठाकर झला झलाया करत थ ऐस कई उदाहरण यहा पर लखक न दए ह जब कस कारलखक क पता उह खाना खलात परत लखक क मा को सतोष नह होता और वह कहती ह क बड़-बड़ कौर खलाओतभी इसक पट भरग इस पर पाठ म गाव म बच कस कार हसी ठठोली म अपन बचपन को गजारत ह कस कार वहतरह तरह क खल खलत ह इन सब का वणन ह

चबतर क कोन को नाटक घर चौक को रगमच कभी कान बनाकर कभी म क ढल पथर क टकड़ स लड पस औरबताश क खोमच बनात यह सार खल बच खलत ह बच मठाई क कान बढ़ा कर घरदा बनान लगत फर भी जवनारबनात तथा खद भी जमन बठ जात थ लखक अपन बचपन क खल क बार म बतात ए कहत ह क कभी-कभी वकनतर का बाजा अमोली क शहनाई और टट चह दानी क पालक बनाकर बराती बन जात लखक वय ही समधी बनकरबकर पर चढ़ जात बारात चबतर क कोन स सर कोन पर सज ए मडप तक जाती और फर वापस लौट आती इस कारक कई खल का वणन ह जहा पर गाव क बड़ बजग को चढ़ात तरह-तरह क गान गाकर

लखक अपन बचपन क एकऔर घटना का ज करत ए कहत ह क जब वह सब चह क बल म पानी डाल रह थ तभीउस बल स साप नकल आता ह और उस दखकर सभी दौड़न लगत ह गरत पड़त ललहान होत एक सर म रोत अपन-अपन घर म घस जात ह उनक पता बाहर उतार म बठकर का पी रह होत ह पर लखक उह अनसना कर मा क पास दौड़

जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती

ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)

१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर

२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए

३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह

४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर

५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख

६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए

७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए

८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर

नोट

पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह

सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर

ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)

१ या

परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह

या क भद कम क आधार पर

या क दो भद होत ह

अकमक या

परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह

सकमक या

परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह

२ या वशषण

परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह

या वशषण क चार भद ह

(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह

(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह

(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह

(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह

३ सबधबोधक

सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह

जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह

-------------------

२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह

--------------

३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह

-------------------------

४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह

-----------------------

४ समचयबोधक

दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह

ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह

जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह

५ वमयादबोधक

परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह

जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)

६ नपात

परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह

इह नपात कहत ह

जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम

भी हम भी बाजार जाएग

तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग

तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया

मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह

भर म उस जानता भर

ननलखत शद क पद परचय द

१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह

आजकल

हमारा

दश

बढ़ रहा ह

२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ

तम

अनज क

चाचा को

पलाओ

३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह

हम

भी

नह

कटब

४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग

वालय

जाकर

कछ

पढ़ोग

५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा

मीना

क साथ

दली

पताजी

क़ तब मीनार

नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह

नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर

ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर

कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख

₹₹

प लखन

औपचारक प का ाप

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )

परीा भवन

नई दली

दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020

महाबधक

दली परवहन नगम

इथ टट

नई दली

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन

महोदय

वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो

भवदय

कखग

ननलखत वषय पर प लख

१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 10: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

जात ह और मा क आचल म मह छपा कर रोन लगत ह उह डरा आ दखकर उनक मा उह ढाढस बधाती ह उह सरादती ह और मा क म और सरा और शात क छाया लखक क मन को शात करती ह अथात लखक डर क मार मा कगोद म ही चपका रहता ह और यहा लखक यह बताना चाहत ह क जब जीवन म भयानक वप जीवन म डर भयमहसस होता ह तो को मा का आचल ही याद आती ह और मा क आचल जसी सरा और शात उस जीवन म नयाम कह नह मलती

ननलखत मयपरक क उर द (80 स 100 शद क बीच म)

१ भोलानाथ और उसक साथय क खल और खलन क सामी और आपक खल और खलन क सामी स कसकार भ ह प कर

२ पाठ म आए ऐस सग का वणन कजए जो आपक दल को छ गए

३ इस उपयास म ामीण सकत का चण ह ामीण सकत और शहरी सकत म आपको या अतर दखाईदता ह

४ माता का अचल शीषक क साथकता स कर

५ इस पाठ म माता पता का बच क त वासयका वणन आ ह उस अपन शद म लख

६ पाठ म योग कए गए आचलक शद क सची बनाए

७ पाठ म य कए गए आचलक तकबद जसका योग लखकऔर उनक म कया करत थ उनक सची बनाए

८ तत पाठ क आधार पर यह कहा जा सकता ह क बच अपन पता स अधक जड़ाव रखत ह फर भी वपदा कसमय पता क पास न जाकर मा क शरण लत ह आपक समझ स इसक या वजह होती ह हो सकती ह प कर

नोट

पाठ क साराश को लखन क आवयकता नह ह

सफ क उर कर इस काय को एक अलग कॉपी म कर

ाकरण पद परचय ( मशः)

१ या

परभाषा या व शद ह जनस कसी काय क होन या कए जान कसी घटना या या क घटत होन या कसी या वत क अवथा या थत का बोध होता ह

या क भद कम क आधार पर

या क दो भद होत ह

अकमक या

परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह

सकमक या

परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह

२ या वशषण

परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह

या वशषण क चार भद ह

(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह

(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह

(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह

(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह

३ सबधबोधक

सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह

जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह

-------------------

२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह

--------------

३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह

-------------------------

४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह

-----------------------

४ समचयबोधक

दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह

ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह

जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह

५ वमयादबोधक

परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह

जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)

६ नपात

परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह

इह नपात कहत ह

जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम

भी हम भी बाजार जाएग

तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग

तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया

मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह

भर म उस जानता भर

ननलखत शद क पद परचय द

१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह

आजकल

हमारा

दश

बढ़ रहा ह

२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ

तम

अनज क

चाचा को

पलाओ

३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह

हम

भी

नह

कटब

४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग

वालय

जाकर

कछ

पढ़ोग

५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा

मीना

क साथ

दली

पताजी

क़ तब मीनार

नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह

नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर

ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर

कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख

₹₹

प लखन

औपचारक प का ाप

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )

परीा भवन

नई दली

दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020

महाबधक

दली परवहन नगम

इथ टट

नई दली

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन

महोदय

वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो

भवदय

कखग

ननलखत वषय पर प लख

१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 11: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

परभाषा वाय म जो या कम क अपा नह रखती वह अकमक या कहलाती ह

सकमक या

परभाषा वह या जो वाय म कम क अपा रखती ह अथात जनक योग म कम क आवयकता होती ह वहसकमक कया कह जाती ह

२ या वशषण

परभाषा जो या क वशषता बतात ह उह यावशषण कहत ह

या वशषण क चार भद ह

(क) रीतवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा जन या वशषण म या क घटत होन क वध का पता चलता ह रीतवाचक वशषण कहलात ह या आसानशद म कह क या कस घटत हो रही ह

(ख)थान वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क थान क वषय म बोध करान वाल या वशषण शद को थान वाचक या वशषणकहत ह या यह कह क या कहा घटत हो रही ह

(ग)काल वाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या क घटत होन क समय स सबध रखत ह वह काल वाचक या वशषण कहलात ह या यह कह क याकब घटत हो रही ह

(घ) परमाणवाचक या वशषण

परभाषा या वशषण क परमाण या माा स सबधत वशषता का पता चलता ह अथवा या कतनी याा घटत होरही ह उस परमाणवाचक वशषण कहत ह

३ सबधबोधक

सबधबोधक अय अवकारी शद ह जो सा या सवनाम क बाद य होकर वाय क अय सा या सवनाम शद कसाथ सबध का बोध करात ह

जस १ बच पताजी क साथ म ल गए ह

-------------------

२ मन घर क सामन कछ पड़ लगाए ह

--------------

३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह

-------------------------

४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह

-----------------------

४ समचयबोधक

दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह

ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह

जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह

५ वमयादबोधक

परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह

जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)

६ नपात

परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह

इह नपात कहत ह

जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम

भी हम भी बाजार जाएग

तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग

तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया

मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह

भर म उस जानता भर

ननलखत शद क पद परचय द

१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह

आजकल

हमारा

दश

बढ़ रहा ह

२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ

तम

अनज क

चाचा को

पलाओ

३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह

हम

भी

नह

कटब

४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग

वालय

जाकर

कछ

पढ़ोग

५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा

मीना

क साथ

दली

पताजी

क़ तब मीनार

नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह

नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर

ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर

कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख

₹₹

प लखन

औपचारक प का ाप

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )

परीा भवन

नई दली

दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020

महाबधक

दली परवहन नगम

इथ टट

नई दली

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन

महोदय

वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो

भवदय

कखग

ननलखत वषय पर प लख

१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 12: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

३ पाक क चार ओर लोग इक हो गए ह

-------------------------

४ वह घर क भीतर घसा बठा ह

-----------------------

४ समचयबोधक

दो शद दो बध योजक वाय को जोड़न का काय करत ह

ऐस योजक शद को समचयबोधक कहा जाता ह

जस और तथा एव लकन मगर कतपरत इसलए इस कारण अतः य क ताक या अथवा चाह

५ वमयादबोधक

परभाषा वमयादबोधक शद व शद ह जो आय हष घणा ख पीड़ा आद मनोभाव का बोध करात ह

जस अर ओ हाय वाह शाबाश राम-राम तौबा तौबा ह राम इयाद (व सभी शद जो क साथ य होत ह)

६ नपात

परभाषा कछ अय शद वाय म कसी शद या पद क आग लगकर उसक अथ म वशष कार का बल दत ह

इह नपात कहत ह

जस ही आपको ही करना होगा यह काम

भी हम भी बाजार जाएग

तो वह तो जाएगा ही साथ म तम भी जाओग

तक वह मझस मलन तक नह आया

मा महनत मा स कछ नह होता ब क भी आवयकता होती ह

भर म उस जानता भर

ननलखत शद क पद परचय द

१ आजकल हमारा दश गत क माग पर बढ़ रहा ह

आजकल

हमारा

दश

बढ़ रहा ह

२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ

तम

अनज क

चाचा को

पलाओ

३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह

हम

भी

नह

कटब

४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग

वालय

जाकर

कछ

पढ़ोग

५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा

मीना

क साथ

दली

पताजी

क़ तब मीनार

नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह

नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर

ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर

कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख

₹₹

प लखन

औपचारक प का ाप

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )

परीा भवन

नई दली

दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020

महाबधक

दली परवहन नगम

इथ टट

नई दली

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन

महोदय

वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो

भवदय

कखग

ननलखत वषय पर प लख

१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

Scanned by TapScanner

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 13: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

दश

बढ़ रहा ह

२ तम अनज क चाचा को चाय पलाओ

तम

अनज क

चाचा को

पलाओ

३हम तम तो इतना भी नह जानत क कटब का पालन कस कया जाता ह

हम

भी

नह

कटब

४ वालय जाकर तम कछ तो पढ़ोग

वालय

जाकर

कछ

पढ़ोग

५ रीना अपन पताजी क साथ दली गई और वहा उसन कतब मीनार दखा

मीना

क साथ

दली

पताजी

क़ तब मीनार

नोट ऊपर लख ए ाया को कॉपी म लखन क आवयकता नह ह

नीच दए गए अयास को मवार तरीक स कर

ाकरणऔर कतका क काय एक ही कॉपी म कर

कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख

₹₹

प लखन

औपचारक प का ाप

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )

परीा भवन

नई दली

दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020

महाबधक

दली परवहन नगम

इथ टट

नई दली

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन

महोदय

वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो

भवदय

कखग

ननलखत वषय पर प लख

१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 14: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

कॉपी को दो भाग म बाट दपहल भाग म ाकरण और सर भाग म कतका क उर लख

₹₹

प लखन

औपचारक प का ाप

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए दली परवहन नगम क महाबधक को प लख (ाप उदाहरण वप )

परीा भवन

नई दली

दनाक ३००४२०२० या 30 अल 2020

महाबधक

दली परवहन नगम

इथ टट

नई दली

वषय नया बस माग आरभ करन क लए नवदन

महोदय

वन नवदन ह क यमना पार म सोसाइट इस समय हजार लोग स भरी ह तजी स इस का वकास आ ह औरलोग न यहा बसना श कर दया ह उतनी तजी स परवहन क वथा न हो पान क कारण क नवासय को मीलपदल चलकर मदर डरी क पास पाडव नगर क सामन स बस लनी पड़ती ह कछ बस जो मयर वहार स चलत ह उह पकड़नक लए भी र चलना पड़ता ह ऐस म छोट-छोट बच महलाऔर बजग को भारी असवधा का सामना करना पड़ता हआपस वन नवदन ह क आप हमार हमार स नह बस सवा आरभ कर ताक यहा क वाथय छोट बच महलाअभभावक एव कायालय जान वाल को असवधा ना हो

भवदय

कखग

ननलखत वषय पर प लख

१ चनाव क दन म कायकता घर वालय आद पर चनावी पोटर लगा जात ह इसस लोग को होन वाली असवधा परवचार करत ए कसी दनक समाचार प क सपादक को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म प लख

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

Scanned by TapScanner

Scanned by TapScanner

Scanned by TapScanner

Scanned by TapScanner

Scanned by TapScanner

Scanned by TapScanner

Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 15: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

२ अपन म पड़ पौध क अनयत कटाई को रोकन क लए जला अधकारी को लगभग 80 स 100 शद म एक पलख

३ आपक म आए दन चोरया हो रही ह प ारा पलस कमर को इसक शकायत करत ए गत बढ़ान का अनरोधकरत ए 80 स 100 100 स शद म प लख

४ चक बक खो जान क सचना दत ए अपन बक क बधक को 80 स 100 शद म प लख

नोट सार प ऊपर दए ए ाप क अनप ही लख

इस काय को मवार ढग स ाकरण क कॉपी म कर

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Scanned by TapScanner

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Scanned by TapScanner

Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 16: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Scanned by TapScanner

Scanned by TapScanner

Scanned by TapScanner

Scanned by TapScanner

Scanned by TapScanner

Scanned by TapScanner

Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 17: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 18: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Scanned by TapScanner

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Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 19: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Scanned by TapScanner

Scanned by TapScanner

Scanned by TapScanner

Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 20: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Scanned by TapScanner

Scanned by TapScanner

Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 21: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Scanned by TapScanner

Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 22: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Assignment - 3 Subject - Physics Class 10 Notes Chapter - Human Eye And The Colourful World Topic - Human Eye- Introduction Diagram of human eye

Name of

the part

Characteristic Function

Cornea Transparent spherical membrane

covering the front part of the eye

Light enters the eye through this

membrane Most of the refraction

happens here

Eye lens transparent biconvex structure in

the eye

provides finer adjustment

required to focus objects on the

retina

Iris Dark muscular diaphragm between

the cornea and the lens

controls the size of the pupil

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 23: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Pupil An opening between the iris through

which light enters the eye

regulates the amount of light

entering the eye

Ciliary

Muscle

Attached to the eye lens hold the lens in position and

modify the curvature of the lens

and accommodate the focal

length

Retina light-sensitive surface of an eye

Which act as screen on which the

image is formed

generate signals which are

transmitted to the brain through

optical nerves

Optic

nerve

Attached to retina transmits visual information from

the retina to the brain

Power of Accommodation

The ability of the eye lens to adjust its focal length is called accommodation This is done by changing the curvature of the eye lens

The minimum distance at which objects can be seen most distinctly without strain is called near point of the eye It is 25 cm for a normal human eye

The farthest point up to which the eye can see objects clearly is called the far point of the eye It is infinity for a normal eye

Various Defects of vision and their correction

1 Myopia or short sightedness 2 Hypermetropia or long sightedness 3 Presbiopia

Myopia Myopia It is also known as nearsightedness A person with myopia can see nearby objects

clearly but cannot see distant objects distinctly Itrsquos far point is nearer than infinity Image is formed before the retina in a myopic eye

Cause of Myopia - 1 excessive curvature of of the eye lens or 2 Elongation of the eye ball Correction- It can be corrected by using a concave lens of suitable power Here are the ray

diagrams for a myopic eye and its correction ndash

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 24: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Assignment 3 1 What is meant by power of accommodation of the eye 2 Why ist the normal eye not able to see clearly the objects placed closer than 25 cm 3 Write the function of a)iris b)ciliary muscle c) retina 4 What is the far piont and near point of the human eye with normal vision 5 The far point of a myopic person is 80 cm in front of the eye What is the nature and power of the lens required to correct the problem 6 What happens to the image distance in the eye when we increase the distance of an object from the eye 7 A student has difficulty reading the blackboard while sitting in the last row What could be the defect the child is suffering from How can it be corrected 8 What is myopia What are its causes and how it can be corrected Also show diagrams of defective eye and corrected eye 9 Name the light sensitive cells and write its function 10 What is the diameter of our eye

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 25: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

CHEMISTRY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Metals and Non-metals

Introduction - There ae 115 elements known at present There are similarities as well as

differences in the properties of the elements On the basis of properties all the elements

can be classified into 3 groups -

Figure 1 Iron Copper Silver and Gold are some of the metals of earth

Elements

Metals (they loose

electrons and

form positive ions)

Eg- Fe Cu Al Mg

Au

Metalloids

(show both

characteristics ndash

metallic as well as non-

metallic)

Eg ndash Si Ge As Sb Te

Non-metals (they

gain electrons and

form negative

ions)

Eg-C O Cl N H

He

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 26: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Figure 2 Carbon sulphur and chlorine are some of the non-metals

Figure 3 Few metalloids with their name and atomic symbol shown from the periodic table

bull The most abundant metals in the earthrsquos crust is aluminium (7 of earth crust)

bull The most abundant non-metal in the earthrsquos crust is oxygen (50 of earth crust)

Note ndash Hydrogen is the only non-metal element which loses electrons to form positive ions

(H+)

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 27: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Physical

Properties -

Physical Property Metals Non-Metals Malleability (can be beaten into thin sheets with a hammer without breaking)

Most of the metals are malleable

They are non-malleable but brittle

Ductility (can be drawn into thin wires)

Metals are ductile (Gold is the most ductile metal)

They are non-ductile

Heat and electrical conductivity

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity

Non-metals are bad conductors of heat and electricity (Graphite is an exception It is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Lustre (shiny appearance)

Metals are lustrous and can be polished

Non-metals are not lustrous They are dull

Hardness Metals are generally hard except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo which are soft and can be cut with a knife

Non-metals are generally soft (Except diamond which is extremely hard)

Physical state Metals are solid at room temperature (except mercury which is liquid at room temperature)

Non-metals may be solid liquid or gas at room temperature

Melting point and Boiling point

Metals have high melting and boiling points (Except lsquoNarsquo lsquoGarsquo and lsquoKrsquo)

Non-metals have comparatively low melting and boiling points (Except diamond)

Density Metals have high density except lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo

Non-metals have low density (they are light)

Sonority (can make sound when hit with an object)

Metals are sonorous Non-metals are non-sonorous

Colour They have either silver or grey colour (Except lsquoCursquo and lsquoAursquo which are yellow in colour)

Non-metals have many different colours or may be colourless

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 28: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Now you are in a state to answer the following -

Figure 4 Metals conduct heat well That is why this frying pan is made up of metal

Comparative Study of Metals and Non-Metals on the basis of Chemical

Properties -

Chemical Properties

Metals Non-Metals

Reaction with oxygen (of air)

When metals are burnt in air they react with oxygen to form corresponding oxide The vigour of reaction with oxygen depends on the chemical reactivity of metal

I At room temperature 4Na (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2Na2O (s)

II Reaction of potassium (K) is same as sodium III On heating 2Mg (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2MgO (s) IV Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as that of

Magnesium (Mg) V On strong heating 2 Zn (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2ZnO (s)

VI 3Fe + 2 O2 (g) rarr Fe3O4 (s) (Iron (II III) oxide) [Only Iron fillings burn vigorously when sprinkled in the flame of a burner]

Non-metals react with oxygen to form acidic oxides or neutral oxides

I C (s) + O2 (g) rarr CO2

(g) [acidic]

How to know CO2 is acidic

CO2 + H2O rarr H2CO3 (aq) H2CO3 is an acid (carbonic acid)

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 29: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

VII On prolonged heating only 2Cu (s) + O2 (g) rarr 2CuO (s) (Copper (II) Oxide)

Silver and Gold do not react with oxygen at all

bull Here oxides of lsquoNarsquo and lsquoKrsquo are basic in nature

bull Oxides of lsquoAlrsquo and lsquoZnrsquo are amphoteric in nature

Hence CO2 is acidic in nature

II S (s)+O2 (g) rarr SO2 (g) [acidic]

III 2H2 (g) + O2 (g) rarr 2H2O [neutral]

Reaction with water

Metals react with water to form metal hydroxides or oxides and hydrogen gas

I 2K (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr 2KOH (aq) + H2 (g) + heat [violent reaction]

II Reaction of Sodium (Na) is same as Potassium (K)

III Ca (s) + 2H2O (l) [cold water] rarr Ca(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

IV Mg (s) + 2H2O (l) [hot water] rarr Mg(OH)2 (aq) + H2 (g)

V 2Al (s) + 3H2O (g) [steam] rarr Al2O3 (s) + 3H2 (g) VI Reaction of Zinc (Zn) is same as Aluminium (Al)

VII 3Fe (s) [red hot iron] + H2O (g) [steam] rarr Fe3O4 (s) + 4H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with water or steam at all

Reaction with dilute acids

Metals usually displace hydrogen from dilute acids Only the less reactive metals like Cu Ag Au do not react with acids

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) rarr 2NaCl (aq) + H2 (g)

Non-metals do not react with dilute acids at all

Reaction with salt solutions

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution Eg ndash CuSO4 (aq) + Zn (s) rarr ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu (s)

A more reactive non-metal displaces a less reactive non-metal from its salt solution

Reaction with chlorine

Metals react with chlorine to form ionic compounds

bull 2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr NaCl (s) [readily]

bull Mg (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr MgCl2 (s) [on heating]

bull Reaction of Aluminium (Al) is same as Magnesium (Mg)

bull Cu (s) + Cl2 (g) rarr CuCl2 (s)

Non-metals react with chlorine to form covalent chlorides H2 (g) + Cl2 (g) rarr 2HCl (g) P4 (s) + 6Cl2 (g) rarr 4PCl3 (l)

Reaction with hydrogen

Metals generally do not react with hydrogen but a few reactive metals like Na K Ca react with hydrogen to form metal hydrides which are ionic compounds 2Na (s) + H2 (g) rarr 2NaH (s)

Non-metals react with hydrogen to form covalent hydrides Eg ndash N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) Ferarr 2NH3 (g)

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 30: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

bull Note ndash When a metal reacts with dilute HNO3 then H2 gas is not evolved because

HNO3 is a strong oxidising agent As soon as H2 is formed HNO3 oxidises it to

water

Now answer the following questions -

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 31: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Figure 5 Potassium reacts violently with water to form potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas So much heat is produced during this reaction that hydrogen gas catches fire

Figure 6 Hydrogen sulphide is a poisonous gas with an odour of rotten eggs

Uses of Metals -

bull Cu and Al metals are used to make wires to carry electric current

bull Iron copper and aluminium metals are used to make house-hold utensils and

factory equipment

bull Zirconium metal is used in making bullet-proof alloy steels

bull Lead metal is used in making car batteries

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 32: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Uses of Non-Metals -

bull Hydrogen is used in the hydrogenation of vegetable oils to make vegetable ghee

bull Hydrogen is also used for manufacturing ammonia whose compounds are used for

making fertilizers

bull Liquid hydrogen is used as fuels for space shuttles

bull Carbon in form of graphite is used for making the electrodes of electrolytic cells

and dry cells

Answer the Following Questions -

1) An element reacts with oxygen to give a compound with a high melting point This

compound is also soluble in water The element is likely to be

a) Calcium b) Carbon c) Silicon d) Iron

2) You are given a hammer a battery a bulb wires and a switch

a) How could you use them to distinguish between samples of metals and non-metals

b) Assess the usefulness of these tests in distinguishing between metals and non-

metals

3)

a) What are amphoteric oxides

b) Give two examples of amphoteric oxides

4) Name two metals which will displace hydrogen from dilute acids and two metals which

will not

5) What type of oxides are formed when non-metals combine with oxygen

6) Give reasons for the following

a) Platinum gold and silver are used to make jewellery

b) Sodium potassium and lithium are stored under oil

c) Aluminium is highly reactive metal yet it is used for utensils for cooking

7) Differentiate between metals and non-metals on the basis of their chemical properties

8) Give reasons why copper is used to make hot water tanks and not steel (an alloy of

iron)

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 33: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Answer the following Assertion based question

Fill in the blanks with appropriate word(s) in the blank space(s) -

1) Al2O3 and ZnO are ____________ oxides

2) Hydrogen gas is not evolved when metals react with ____________ acid as it is a strong

oxidizing agent

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 34: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

GURU GOVIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL (Sector ndash 5 BS City)

BIOLOGY CLASS ndash X

Self-Study Assignment - 3 (Session 2020-21)

Control and Coordination

All the living organisms (plants and animals) respond and react to changes in the

environment around them

The changes in the environment to which the organisms respond and react are called

stimuli (singular is stimulus)

The living organisms show response to stimuli such as light heat cold sound smell

taste touch pressure force of gravity etc

The response of organisms to a stimulus is usually in the form of some movement of

their body part

Figure 1 This father lion is responding to the bite he has received from his cub

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 35: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Figure 2 (a) These are leaves of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica) about to be touched with a pencil

(b) When touched with pencil the sensitive plant responds by folding up its leaves

So response to stimuli is a characteristic property of the living organisms

The animals can react to stimuli in many ways because they have a nervous system

and endocrine system involving hormones

But the plants react to stimuli in a very limited way as they do not have a nervous

system ndash rather they only use hormones to produce reaction to stimuli

Hence the working together of the various organs of an organism in a systematic

manner to produce a proper response to the stimulus is called coordination

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 36: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

ANIMALS - NERVOUS SYSTEM

The control and coordination in higher animals called vertebrates (including human beings)

takes place through nervous system as well as endocrine system

Figure 3 Structure of Neuron

Human Nervous

System Neuron

Basic Unit

Types

Sensory Neuron

(Transmits

impulses from

sense organs (ear

skin etc) to

Central Nervous

System (CNS)

Motor Neuron (carries

impulses from brain and

spinal cord to effector

organs)

Relay Neuron

(occur in CNS

where they

serve as link

between other

neurons)

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 37: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

How nerve impulsesmessages are transferred from one neuron to another

in the nervous system -

bull The receptors (specialised cell sensitive to a particular stimulus) in a sense organ is in

touch with the dendrites of sensory neuron

bull When a stimulus acts on the receptor a chemical reaction is set-off which produces

an electrical impulse in it

bull This impulse travels from the dendrite of sensory neuron to itrsquos cell body and then

along to itrsquos axon

bull At the end of axon of sensory neuron the electrical impulse releases tiny amount of

chemical substance into the synapse (gap)

bull This chemical substance crosses the gap and starts a similar electrical impulse in the

dendrite of the second neuron This process goes on

Note ndash Synapses ensure that nerve impulses travel in only one direction (through a

particular set of neurons)

Figure 4 Diagram to show how electrical impulses (nerve impulses) are conducted from one neuron to another across synapses between them by the release of a chemical substance (called a neuro-transmitter substance)

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 38: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Reflex Action and Reflex Arc -

bull The simplest form of response in the nervous system is reflex action A reflex action

is an automatic response to a stimulus Eg ndash If we unknowingly touch a hot plate we

immediately remove our hand away from it

Figure 5 Yawning blinking of eyes and sneezing are all reflex actions (which are performed unknowingly)

bull The pathway (route) taken by nerve impulses in a reflex action is called reflex arc

Figure 6 Reflex Arc

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 39: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Figure 7 A reflex arc (This is actually a spinal reflex arc)

Figure 8 A reflex arc showing cerebral reflex action

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 40: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

The central nervous system in human being consists of brain and the spinal cord -

1 Human Brain -

Figure 9 Human brain

Brain is the highest coordinating centre in the body Brain is located inside the skull

of our body and protected by a bony box in the skull called cranium

The brain is surrounded by 3 membranes called meninges which help to protect it

The space between the membranes is filled with a cerebro spinal fluid which

protects the brain from mechanical shocks

The brain is broadly divided into 3 regions -

a) Fore brain ndash bull The fore brain includes cerebrum and olfactory lobes Cerebrum is the

largest part of the brain

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 41: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

bull It consists of two cerebral hemispheres Sensory and Motor receptors

are present here

bull There are 4 regions - for reception of vision (occipital lobe) reception

of sound (temporal lobe) touch smell temperatures (parietal lobe)

and muscular activities (frontal lobe)

bull Olfactory lobes are one in pair and receives olfactory nerves

b) Mid brain ndash bull It is the small portion of the brain that connects cerebrum with the

other parts of the brain and spinal cord

bull The midbrain controls reflex movements of the head neck and trunk

in response to visual and auditory stimuli

c) Hind brain ndash bull It consists of cerebellum pons and medulla oblongata

bull Cerebellum is responsible for coordination of smooth body

movements such as walking dancing picking up a pencil etc

bull Pons regulate respiration

bull Medulla oblongata controls various involuntary actions such as heart

beat breathing blood pressure It also controls reflexes such as

swallowing coughing etc

2 Spinal Cord - bull Medulla Oblongata extends downwards enclosed in vertical vertebral

column to form a cylindrical structure known as spinal cord

bull It is also covered by meninges

bull It is the reflex centre of the body

Figure 10 Your spinal cord can control complex motor functions

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 42: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

How does the nervous tissue cause action

The nerve fibres at the end of a neuron are attached to muscles This area is called

neuro-muscular junction

When nerve impulses are conducted to this area the special proteins present in the

muscle cells change their shape and arrangement in the cell in response to nervous

electrical impulses

New arrangement of these proteins gives the muscle cells a shorter ndash farm thus

bringing about movement in muscles

Figure 11 Neuromuscular function

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 43: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Answer these MCQs -

1) In a neuron conversion of electrical signal to a chemical signal occurs atin ndash

a) Cell body

b) Axonal end

c) Dendritic end

d) Axon

2) Junction between 2 neurons is called -

a) Cell junction

b) Neuro-muscular junction

c) Neural joint

d) Synapse

Answer the following questions -

1) The brain is responsible for -

a) Thinking

b) Regulating the heart beat

c) Balancing the body

d) All of the above

2) What is the function of receptors in our body Think of situations where receptors

do not work properly What problems are likely to arise

3) Draw the structure of a neuron and explain its function

4) Which signals will get disrupted in case of a spinal cord injury

5) What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism

6) How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other

----------------------------------x----------------------x--------------------------x---------------------------------

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 44: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

ASSIGNMENT- 3

HISTORY

Chapter-3 STD10

NATIONALISM IN INDIA

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 45: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

MAIN TOPICS-

The first world war khilafat and non-

cooperation movement

Different stands within the movement

Towards civil disobedience

The sense of collective belonging

IMPLICATIONS OF FIRST WORLD WAR-

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 46: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Created new economic and political

situation

Increase in defense expenditure

Increased custom duties and introduction of

income tax

Increased prices of commodities

Forced recruitment of villagers in army

Crop failure shortage of food

Spread of epidemic killing millions of people

IDEA OF SATYAGRAH-

Emergence of Gandhiji in 1915 with the idea

of Satyagrah and Non-violence

Three experiments of Gandhiji with

Satyagrah

a) 1916- Champaran Bihar against

oppressive plantation system

b) 1917- Kheda Gujarat demanding

relaxation in revenue collection

c) 1918- Ahmedabad Gujarat in support

of cotton mill workers

ROWLATT ACT (1919) -

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 47: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Passed by imperial Legislative despite

opposition from Indian members

Government got power to detain political

prisoners for two years without trial

It was intended to curb political activity by

Indians

Gandhiji launched Non-violent civil

disobedience movement starting with hartal

RESULTS -

Massive strike and shutdown of shops and

workshops

Local Amritsar leaders arrested

Gandhiji was stopped from entering Delhi

Imposition of Martial law by General Dyer

JALLIANWALLA BAGH TRAGEDY-

Unaware of Martial law people in Amritsar

gathered in Jallianwalla Bagh on 13th April to

celebrate Baisakhi

General Dyer blocked the only exit and

ordered fire on the gathering that left

hundreds dead

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 48: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

RESULTS-

News of the tragedy spread strikes and

clashes with police began

Government suppressed and humiliated

protestors

Violence forced Gandhiji to call off Satyagrah

movement

KHILAFAT AND NON-COOPERATION

MOVEMENT-

Gandhiji intended to unite people especially

Hindus and Muslims for a wider movement

across India

Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali associated

with khilafat committee discussed United

action on khilafat movement along with

Non-cooperation movement

STAGES OF NON-COOPERATION MOVEMENT-

Surrender of government titles

Boycott of civil services army police courts

Legislative councils and schools

Boycott of foreign goods

Mobilise popular support

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 49: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

DIFFERENCES WITHIN CONGRESS-

Many within Congress opposed boycott of

council elections CR Das and Motilal Nehru

formed the Swaraj Party within the Congress

Nagpur session of Congress 1920 ended with

compromise and adoption of Non-

cooperation movement

DIFFERENT STANDS WITHIN THE MOVEMENT-

MOVEMENT IN TOWNS-

bull Middle class participation

bull Schools colleges courts boycotted

boycott of foreign clothes

bull Picketing of liquor shops

bull Harmed colonial economy

SLOWDOWN-

bull Khadi was expensive which poor people

could not afford

bull Absence of alternative Indian institutions

bull Students teachers lawyers joined back

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 50: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

REBELLION IN COUNTRYSIDE-

Peasants-

bull Led by Baba Ramchandra

bull Movements against landlords and

talukdars

bull High rents insecurity of tenure begar

bull Organised nai-dhobi bandhs

bull Setting up of kisan sabhas with branches

in many villages

Tribals-

bull Led by Alluri Sitaram Raju

bull Restricted entry into forests

bull Used violence to counter forests laws

bull Raju persuaded people to wear khadi

and give up drinking

SWARAJ IN PLANTATIONS-

Inland Emigration Act 1859 opposed by

plantation workers

Many workers defied authorities and headed

homes caught and brought back to

plantation

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 51: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Brutal treatment with run away workers

Under Inland Emigration Act 1859

plantation workers were not permitted to

leave the tea gardens without permission

TOWARDS CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE-

Non-cooperation movement was withdrawn

by Gandhiji as it turned violent at Chauri-

Chaura in Gorakhpur

Within Congress Swaraj Party was formed by

CR Dad and Motilal Nehru

Others argued agitation

FACTORS SHAPING INDIAN POLITICS-

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 52: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

LAHORE SEESION OF CONGRESS (1929)-

Headed by Jawaharlal Nehru demanded

Purna Swaraj

Declared celebration of Independence Day

on 26th January 1930

Pledge to struggle for complete

independence

a) GREAT DEPRESSION-1930

b) SIMON COMMISSION-1928

Agricultural prices slashed

Statutory commission under Simon constituted

Exports declined To see the working of constitutional system

Peasants found it difficult to pay revenue

It was an all-white commission Opposition by Indian

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 53: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

SALT MARCH (1930) [CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT] -

Gandhijis letter to Irwin stating general and

specific demands

Abolition of salt tax was common to all

No response from Irwin Gandhiji started salt

March

Reaching Dandi Gandhiji violated salt law by

manufacturing salt

Beginning of Civil Disobedience Movement

throughout India

CALLING OFF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

Arrest of Congres like Abdul Ghaffar Khan

Violent clashes in many places and police

firings

Gandhiji arrested too

Peaceful Satyagrahis attacked women and

children beaten and thousands arrested

Gandhiji called off the movement

RELAUNCH OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE

MOVEMENT-

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 54: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

GANDHI IRWIN PACT-

Gandhiji agreed to take part in 2nd Round

Table Conference

Government to release political prisoners

Negotiation at the Round Table Conference

broke

Gandhiji returned to India

Government resorts to brutal repression

Congress leaders were arrested

Congress declared illegal

Gandhiji relaunched the Civil Disobedience

Movement

HOW PARTICIPANTS SAW THE MOVEMENT-

RICH PEASANTS--

Hit by trade depression and falling prices

Unable to pay revenue

Resentment over refusal of reduction in

revenue demand

Joined civil disobedience movement for

them it was struggle against high

revenue

Reluctant to participate when it was

relaunched

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 55: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

POOR PEASANTS-

They too faced similar problem as rich

peasants

Depression made it impossible to pay rent

to landlords

Congress not willing to support poor

fearing it might upset the rich peasants

No active participation by poor and small

peasants

BUSINESS COMMUNITY-

They demanded protection against imports

and fixed exchange ratio

Supported Civil Disobedience Movement

Failure of Round Table Conference lost their

interest in Civil Disobedience Movement

Growing socialism in Congress and militant

activities kept them away from Civil

Disobedience Movement when relaunched

WOMEN-

Large scale participation protest marches

Salt manufacturing

Picketing foreign clothes and liquor shops

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 56: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Many of them went to jail also

Began to see service to nation as sacred duty

WORKERS-

Limited participation due to closeness of

Congress with business community

Engaged in some sort of boycott against low

wages and poor working conditions

Congress reluctant to include their demands

fearing alienation of Industrialists

LIMITS OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE MOVEMENT-

DALITS-

Gandhiji opposed all forms of untouchability

and called them Harijans

Organised Satyagrah for their entry into

temples and other public places

BR Ambedkar organised Depressed Classes

Association in 1930 and demanded separate

electorates in 2nd Round Table Conference

Gandhiji ruled out their demands

Poona Pact 1932 between Gandhiji and

Ambedkar granted reserved constituencies to

details

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 57: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Details however remained uneasy towards

national movement

MUSLIMS-

Decline of Khilafat movement alienated

Muslims from Congress

Open association of Congress with Hindu

Mahasabha too widened the gap

Militant passions in both communities

provoked clashes and riots

Muslim League demanded separate

electorates which Hindu Mahasabha

rejected

Both communities were filled with suspicion

and distrust

Muslims feared domination by Hindus and

loss of their cultural identity

SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING-

United struggle

Cultural process and glorious past

Images of Bharat mata Vande Mataram

Revival of Indian Folklore

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 58: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Symbols like Tricolour flag sought to unite

and inspire people about nationalism

Reinterpretation of history helped in

promoting the sense of collective belonging

and nationalism

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 59: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

ASSIGNMENT-

VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(1 mark each)

1) Define nationalism

2) Who lead the peasants movement in

Awadh

3) The non-cooperation movement was

launched in __________

4) Lahore Congress adopted demand for

Purna Swaraj in

a) 1929

b) 1927

c) 1928

d) 1920

5) Non-cooperation was decided in

which Congress session

a) Calcutta

b) Nagpur

c) Madras

d) Lahore

6) What was Inland Emigration Act of

1859

7) Who formed Swaraj Party

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 60: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

8) Who raised the slogan do or die

9) Who created the image of Bharat

Mata

10) Who were known as Ali brothers

11) Who was Natesa Sastri

12) Who had designed Swaraj Flag by

1921

13) When did Jallainwalla Bagh massacre

take place

14) Who wrote the book Hind Swaraj

15) Who wrote vande mataram

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(3 marks each)

1) Briefly explain the Satyagrah

Movements organised by Gandhiji

between 1916 and 1918

2) Why were Indians outraged by the

Rowlatt act

3) What was the Khilafat agitation

Why did Gandhiji gave support to this

agitation

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 61: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

4) Why did Mahatama Gandhi decide to

call off Non ndash cooperation Movement

5) What were the stages of Non-

cooperation Movement

6) Why did the Non ndash Cooperation

Movement gradually slow down in cities

7) Who was sir John Simon Why was

Simon commission rejected in India and

how

8) What were the agreements made in

Gandhi Irwin pact

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS-

(5 marks each)

1) Distinguish between non ndash

cooperation Movement and civil

disobedience Movement

2) Describe in brief the Awadh peasants

Movement

3) ldquoMethod of re ndash interpretation of

history was followed to encourage

nationalismrdquo Describe

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 62: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

4) How did history and fiction folklore

and songs popular prints and symbols

all played important part in the making

of Indian nationalism in the 19th century

Explain

5) Describe the main features of the

Poona Pact

6) Describe briefly the Salt March

undertaken by Gandhiji

7) Write a note on Jallainwalla Bagh

NOTE- LEARN AND WRITE IMPORTANT

TERMS AND QUESTION ANSWERS

GIVEN IN NCERT TEXT BOOK PRACTICE

MAP WORK

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 63: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

THIRD ASSIGNMENT FOR CLASS -X LESSON -2 FOREST AND WILDLIFE RESOURCES

All living organisms including human beings form a complex web of ecological system Forests play a key role in the ecological system because they are primary producers on which all other living beings depend

FLORA AND FAUNA IN INDIA India has nearly 8 of the total number of species in the world Fauna-81000 Flora-47000

Immensely rich in

wildlife

Cultivated species

Diverse in form and function

Closely integrated in a system

Multiple network of interdependencies BIODIVERSITY

15000 flowering plants (indigenous)

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 64: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

CLASSIFICATION OF SPECIES Based on the International Union For Conservation Of Nature And Natural Resources (IUCN)

bull Population levels are considered to be normal for their survival

bull Examples are cattle sal pine rodents etc Normal Species

bull In danger of extinction

bull Examples are black buck crocodile Indian wild ass Indian rhino lion tailed macaque sangai etc

Endangered Species

bull Population has declined to level so as to move to endangerd species

bull Examples are blue sheep Asiatic elephant Gangetic dolphin etc

Vulnerable Species

bull Small population may move into the endangered or vulnerable category

bull Examples are Himalayan brown bear wild Asiatic buffalo desert fox hornbil etc

Rare Species

bull Found in some particular areas usually isolated by geographical barriers

bull Examples are Andman teal Nicobar pigeon Andman wild pig mithun in Arunachal Pradesh

Endemic Species

bull Extinct from a local area region country continent or the entire earth

bull Examples are Asiatic cheetah and pink head duck

Extinct Species

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 65: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Causes Of Depletion Of Flora and Fauna

Expansion of the railway Expansion of agriculture

Commercial and scientific forestry Mining activities

During colonial

period

After Indencepence

River valley projects

Deforestation and Shifting cultivation

Mining activities

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 66: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

The Himalayan Yew- This species is under great threat due to over-exploitation In the last one decade thousands of yew trees have dried up in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in India Need to conserve

Decline

in

Biodiversity

Habiat destruction

Hunting

Poaching

Over exploitation

amp

Environmental

Pollution

Poisoning amp

Forest fire

Use to treat some cancer

Taxol is extracted from parts of tree

Found in Himachal Pradesh amp Arunachal Pradesh

Preserves the ecological diversity

Preserves our life support system

Preserves the genetic diversity of plants amp animals

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 67: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Practices towards conserving forest and wildlife

1 In the 1960s and 1970s conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme

2 The Indian Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in 1972 with various provisions for protecting habitats

3 An all-India list of protected species was also published

Types and Distribution of Forest and Wildlife Classified and managed or owned by the Government through the Forest Department or other government departments

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 68: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

1 Reserved Forests -

2 Protected Forests -

3 Unclassed Forests -

bull1 More than half of the forest land 2 Concerned for conservation of forest and wildlife

bull Found in Jammu amp Kashmir Andhra PradeshUttrakhand Kerala etc

bull1 Almost 13 of the total forest area 2 Protected from any further depletion

bullFound in Bihar Haryana Punjab Odisha Rajasthan etc

bull1 Only 16 of the total forest area 2 Other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals amp communities

bullFound in all north-eastern states and parts of Gujrat

Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

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Community and Conservation

1 In SariskaTiger Reserve Rajasthan villagers have fought against mining by citing the Wildlife Protection Act

2 The inhabitants of 5 villages in the Alwar district of Rajasthan have 1200 hectares of forest as the Bhairodev Dakav lsquoSonchurirsquo

3 The Chipko Movement in the Himalayan region started by local community to stop deforestation

4 Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri and Navdanya were started by farmers that have shown adequate levels of diversified crop production without the use of synthetic chemicals

Reserved

Forests

Protected

Forests

Permanent

Forests

Maintained for the purpose of producing timber amp other forest

produce

Madhya Pradesh -75

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 70: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Joint Forest Management ( JFM)

ASSIGNMENT 1 How do forests play a key role in the ecological system 2 What is biodiversity Why is it important for human lives 3 Why is The Himalayan Yew in trouble 4 Name the institution that classified the plants and animal species 5 What were the major cause of depletion of flora and fauna in India after independence 6 Why do we need to conserve our forests and wildlife 7 Write differences between Reserved Forests and Protected Forests 8 What is permanent forest Where is it found write with percentage 9 How have human activities affected the depletion of flora and fauna Explain 10 How communities have conserved and protected forests and wildlife Describe 11 Write a note on Joint Forests Management 12 When was The Indian Wildlife Act implemented 13 What are the causes of decline of biodiversity in India

Involvement of local communities in the

management amp restoration of degraded forests

Existence since 1988 in Odisha

Local institution undertake protection activities and in return they are entitled for

forest products

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 71: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

GURU GOBIND SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL

SECTOR 5B B S CITY

SELF STUDY MATERIALASSIGNMENT ndash 3

Subject Information Technology (402) Class ndashX

Web Applications (Basic)

Working with Accessibility Options

Accessibility features are designed to help people with disabilities use technology more easily

For example a text-to-speech feature may read text out loud for people with limited vision

while a speech-recognition feature allows users with limited mobility to control the computer

with their voice

Common accessibility features

Although some accessibility features require special software downloads many are built into the

operating system of your computer or mobile device Here are just a few types of accessibility

features you may already have on your device

bull Features for blind or low-vision computer users Features such as text-to-

speech allow users to hear whats on the screen instead of reading it Other

features like high-contrast themes and enlarged cursors make it easier for

users with limited vision to see the screen

bull Features for deaf or low-hearing computer users Closed-captioning helps

to convey audio information to deaf users in visual form Mono audio systems

transmit right and left audio signals through both earbuds and headphones so

users with limited hearing in one ear will not miss part of what they are listening

to

bull Features for limited-mobility computer users Keyboard shortcuts are

convenient for many people but they are especially helpful to those with

difficulty physically manipulating a mouse For users who have difficulty

pressing several keys at once sticky keys allows them to press keys one at a time

to activate a shortcut

Make Your Computer Easier to Use (Ease of Access Center)

The Ease of Access Center is a central location where you can turn on and set up accessibility

settings and programs available in Windows You can adjust settings that make it easier to see

your computer use the mouse and keyboard and use other input devices You can also answer a

few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

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few questions about your daily computer use and accessibility requirements and have Windows

recommend settings and programs for you

bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

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bull Quick access to common tools

bull Get recommendations to make your computer easier to use and

bull Explore all settings

Explore All Settings

Instead of looking for accessibility settings in various places on your computer Windows 7

brings all those settings together and organizes them into categories that you can explore in the

Ease of Access Center

Make the computer easier to see

If you occasionally have trouble seeing items on your screen you can adjust the settings to make

text and images on the screen appear larger improve the contrast between items on the screen

and hear on-screen text read aloud

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Choose a High Contrast theme This option allows you to set a high-contrast color scheme that

heightens the color contrast of some text and images on your computer screen making those

items more distinct and easier to identify

bull Turn on or off High Contrast when Left Alt+Left Shift+Print Screen is pressed This option

allows you to toggle a high-contrast theme on or off by pressing the Left Alt+Left Shift+Print

Screen keys

bull Turn on Narrator This option sets Narrator to run when you log on to your computer Narrator

reads aloud on-screen text and describes some events (such as error messages appearing) that

happen while youre using the computer More about Narrator

bull Turn on Audio Description This option sets Audio Descriptions to run when you log on to

your computer Audio Descriptions describe whats happening in videos

bull Change the size of text and icons This option allows you to make text and other items on your

screen appear larger so theyre easier to see For more information see Make the text on your

screen larger or smaller

bull Turn on Magnifier This option sets Magnifier to run when you log on to your computer

Magnifier enlarges the part of the screen where the mouse is pointing and can be especially

useful for viewing objects that are difficult to see For more information about using Magnifier

see Make items on the screen appear bigger (Magnifier)

bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

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bull Adjust the color and transparency of the window borders This option allows you to change the

appearance of window borders to make them easier to see

bull Fine tune display effects This option allows you to customize how certain items appear on

your desktop

bull Make the focus rectangle thicker This option makes the rectangle around the currently selected

item in dialog boxes thicker which makes it easier to see

bull Set the thickness of the blinking cursor This option allows you to make the blinking cursor in

dialog boxes and programs thicker and easier to see

bull Turn off all unnecessary animations This option turns off animation effects such as fading

effects when you close windows and other elements

bull Remove background images This option turns off all unimportant overlapped content and

background images to help make the screen easier to see

Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

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Use the computer without the mouse or keyboard

Windows has two features to help you use the computer without using a mouse or keyboard

Speech Recognition (you can use voice commands to work with Windows) and On-Screen

Keyboard (you can enter text by selecting characters on the screen)

You can turn on or adjust settings for these features on the Use the computer without a mouse or

keyboard page in the Ease of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Use On-Screen Keyboard This option sets On-Screen Keyboard to run when you log on to

Windows On-Screen Keyboard displays a visual keyboard with all the standard keys You can

select keys using the mouse or another pointing device or you can use keys on the standard

keyboard

bull Use Speech Recognition Use this option to control the computer with your voice With a

microphone you can speak commands that the computer will understand and respond to as well

as dictate text

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 76: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Make the mouse easier to use

You can change how the mouse pointer looks and turn on other features that can help make it

easier to use your mouse

You can adjust these settings on the Make the mouse easier to use page in the Ease of Access

Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Change the color and size of mouse pointers You can use these options to make the mouse

pointer larger or change the color to make it easier to see

bull Turn on Mouse Keys You can use this option to control the movement of the mouse pointer by

using the numeric keypad

bull Activate a window by hovering over it with the mouse This option makes it easier to select and

activate a window by pointing at it with the mouse rather than by clicking it

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 77: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Make the keyboard easier to use

You can use your keyboard to control the mouse and make it easier to type certain key

combinations You can adjust these settings on the Make the keyboard easier to use page in the

Ease of Access Center Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to

use

bull Turn on Mouse Keys This option sets Mouse Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Instead of using the mouse you can use the arrow keys on your keyboard or the numeric keypad

to move the pointer

bull Turn on Sticky Keys This option sets Sticky Keys to run when you log on to Windows Instead

of having to press three keys at once (such as when you must press the Ctrl Alt and Delete keys

together to log on to Windows) you can use one key by turning on Sticky Keys and adjusting the

settings This way you can press a modifier key and have it remain active until another key is

pressed

bull Turn on Toggle Keys This option sets Toggle Keys to run when you log on to Windows

Toggle Keys can play an alert each time you press the Caps Lock Num Lock or Scroll Lock

keys These alerts can help prevent the frustration of inadvertently pressing a key and not

realizing it

bull Turn on Filter Keys This option sets Filter Keys to run when you log on to Windows You can

set Windows to ignore keystrokes that occur in rapid succession or keystrokes that are held

down for several seconds unintentionally

bull Underline keyboard shortcuts and access keys This option makes keyboard access in dialog

boxes easier by highlighting access keys for the controls in them For more information about

keyboard shortcuts see Keyboard shortcuts in Windows Help

bull Prevent windows from being automatically arranged when moved to the edge of the screen

This option prevents windows from automatically resizing and docking along the sides of your

screen when you move them there

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 78: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Use text or visual alternatives to sounds

Windows provides settings for using visual cues to replace sounds in many programs

You can adjust these settings on the Use text or visual alternatives for sounds page in the Ease

of Access Center

Open the Ease of Access Center then select the options that you want to use

bull Turn on visual notifications for sounds This option sets sound notifications to run when you

log on to Windows Sound notifications replace system sounds with visual cues such as a flash

on the screen so that system alerts are noticeable even when theyre not heard You can also

choose how you want sound notifications to warn you

bull Turn on text captions for spoken dialog This option causes Windows to display text captions in

place of sounds to indicate that activity is happening on your computer (for example when a

document starts or finishes printing)

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option

Page 79: Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch ... · Assignment 3 Class x Subject-English Book-First Flight ch-2 Long Walk to Freedom - By Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Long

Self Assessment Exercise

1 How to make the computer easier to use in Windows

2 Write the steps to launch Accessibility Options

3 What happens when we turn on Magnifier tool

4 Write the steps to turn on Toggle Keys

5 What happens when we turn on Toggle Keys

6 What are the setting features available for easier use of mouse under Ease of Access

Center option