Assessment of the agronomic performance of Malayan Yellow Dwarf × Vanuatu Tall coconut (Cocos...

7/24/2019 Assessment of the agronomic performance of Malayan Yellow Dwarf Vanuatu Tall coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) hy

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Article Citation:

Zadjhi Eric-Blanchard KOFFI, Jean Louis Konan KONAN, Raoul Sylvre SIE, Didier-

Martial Saraka YAO, Yobou KOFFI, Ysidor Nguessan KONAN, Emmanuel Auguste

ISSALI, Thierry Lkadou Tacra, et Kouassi ALLOU.

Assessment of the agronomic performance of Malayan Yellow Dwarf Vanuatu Tall

coconut (Cocos nuciferaL.) hybrid variety tolerant to lethal yellowing disease of Ghanain Cte dIvoire.

Journal of Research in Biology (2014) 4(6): 1427-1440JournalofR

esearchi

n

Biology

Assessment of the agronomic performance of Malayan Yellow Dwarf Vanuatu Tall

coconut (Cocos nuciferaL.) hybrid variety tolerant to lethal yellowing disease of

Ghanain Cte dIvoire.

Keywords:

Hybrid coconut MYD x VTT, tolerant, productivity.

ABSTRACT:

This article aims to study the agronomic performance of 18 hybrid progenies

of coconut MYD x VTT and their parents VTT in Cte d'Ivoire. The evaluation was

focused on the number of bunches per year (Nbb), the number of fruits per year

(NBFR), copra produced per tree per year (Cop / tree / year) and per hectare per year

(Cop / hectare / year). It appears from this work that the hybrids MYD x VTT produces

9 to 11 bunches and 76 to 121 fruits, per year with the weight of 12.54 to 19.82 kg of

copra per tree and 2.01 and 3.17t of copra per hectare. These values are statistically

equal to those of PB121+used as a control in the study. Progenies of d5, d6, d8, d11,

d12, d15 and d18 give the best yields and similar to the control PB121+. VTT Parent

produce an average of 11 bunches 96 fruits, and 11.62 kg of copra per tree and 1.66 t

of copra per hectare per year. Parent G1, G 4, G6, G7, G12, G15 and G16have the best

yield. Heterosis effects were observed for copra tree (42.08%) and copra per hectare

(50.04%). Parents that have better yields with best progenies can be selected for the

seed production of MYD x VTT (tolerant and good yield). MYD x VTT hybrid results are

advised to Ivorian and Ghanaian farmers to prevent expansion of this disease.

1427-1440| JRB | 2014 | Vol 4 | No 6

This article is governed by the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which gives permission for unrestricted use, non-commercial, distribution andreproduction in all medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

www.jresearchbiology.com

Journal of Research in Biology

An International

Scientific Research Journal

Authors:Zadjhi Eric-Blanchard

KOFFI 1,2*, Jean Louis

Konan KONAN 2, Raoul

Sylvre SIE 1, Didier-Martial

Saraka YAO 1,2, Yobou

KOFFI1,2,Ysidor Nguessan

KONAN 2,3, Emmanuel

Auguste ISSALI 2, Thierry

Lkadou Tacra2et Kouassi

ALLOU2.

Institution:1. Laboratoire de Biologie et

dAmlioration desProductions vgtales,

UFR Sciences de la Nature,

Universit Nangui

Abrogoua, 02 BP 801

Abidjan 02, Cte d'Ivoire.

2. Centre National de

Recherche Agronomique,

Station de recherche Marc

Delorme, 07 BP 13 Abidjan

07, Cte d'Ivoire.

3. Laboratoire de biochimie

et science des aliments,Universit Flix Houphouet

Boigny, Abidjan, Cte

dIvoire, 22 BP 582

Abidjan 22.

Corresponding author:

Koffi Eric Blanchard

Zadjhi.

Email Id:

Web Address:http://jresearchbiology.com/

documents/RA0448.pdf

Dates:

Received: 14 Mar 2014 Accepted: 04 Jul 2014 Published: 22 Aug 2014

Journal of Research in iology

An International Scientific Research Journal

Original Research

ISSN No:Print: 22316280; Online: 2231- 6299

Abbreviations:

Nbb: Number of bunches per year, NBFR: Number of fruits per year, Cop/

tree / year: copra produced per tree per year, Cop / hectare / year: copra produced per

hectare per year., MYD: Malayan Yellow Dwarf, VTT: Vanuatu Tall, WAT: WestAfrican Tall MYD x VTT : Malayan Yellow Dwarf cross Vanuatu Tall, MYD

x WAT+ : Malayan Yellow Dwarf cross improved West African Tall, Bunch.


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INTRODUCTION

Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is the most widely

cultivated oilseed plant in the coastal areas of tropics.

The global area of coconut plantation is 12.05 million

hectares (ha), of which approximately 88% are in Asia

and Pacific and 5.27% in Africa (AMRIZAL, 2003).

Besides its interest for millions of smallholders, this tree

is of a global economic importance, is a source of fat and

many industrial products (Bourdeix et al., 2005a).

In Cte d'Ivoire, the coconut is the main cash

crop on the coast where the vast majority of coconut

trees are located. The surfaces used in this part of the

Ivory Coast represent about 80% of the area of the

Ivorian coconut grove covering 50,000 ha (Konan, 2002and Assa et al., 2006) and its culture has more than

12,000 families (Bourdeix Konan, 2005). However, the

economic challenge posed by coconut is compromised

by several diseases, including the lethal yellowing which

is the origin of the devastation of thousands of acres of

coconut groves in the world (Van Der Vossen and

Chipungahelo, 2007) including Jamaica, Mexico,

Tanzania, Mozambique, Ghana and Cte d'Ivoire;

phytoplasmas are responsible for this disease (Rohdeet al., 1993). It is manifested by the fruit drop, yellowing

and fall of all the leaves. On affected by this disease,

coconut trees die within months, leaving a field bare

trunks. This is a threat to the global area of coconut

plantations and therefore its production. There is no

chemical control and / or potential mechanics for its

cure. The only possible solution to the fight against this

disease is genetic method of selection or creating

resistant varieties (Oropeza et al., 2005). Behavioral tests

conducted in Ghana have identified sources of varietal

tolerance which MYD x VTT hybrid (Dery et al., 2005.

Bonnot et al., 2009). However, agronomic characteristics

of these hybrid offsprings have never been studied. In

addition, the disease is discovered in Cte d'Ivoire since

2012 and is similar to that of Ghana (Konan et al., 2013).

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the

agronomic performance of MYD x VTT hybrid progeny

planted in Cte d'Ivoire. This study will provide the best

MYD x VTT progeny with dual ability of tolerance and

good productivity offer for growers. VTT parent may

provide the best progeny is also revealed by this study,

for to be use in the seed production.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Study site and plant material

The test PBGC43 (Port-Bouet Genetics Coconut

No. 43) is located on the plot 034 of Marc Delorme

research station (514' and 515' north latitude and 354'

and 355' W) in Abidjan in southern Cte d'Ivoire. Theclimate of the southern region of Cte d'Ivoire has four

seasons, two rainy (April-July and October-November)

and two dry (December-March and August-September).

The average temperature varies between 24.50C and

27.73C. The total insolation reached 2,238.3 hours per

year with an average moisture content of 86.02%.

Rainfall is characterized by an average annual

precipitation of 1673.99 mm and the floor of Marc

Delorme station consists of tertiary sands.The plant material consists of 18 hybrid

progenies (coded d1 to d18) from crosses between

Malayan Yellow Dwarf (MYD) and Vanuatu Tall

(VTT). These crosses involved 18 male brood stock VTT

(coded G1 to G18) and a female parent MYD using the

technique of assisted pollination (Wuidart and Rognon,

1981). Choosing brood stock VTT was conducted

visually on the general morphology shaft. VTT were

planted in 1988 on plot 022. Their progeny produced on

the seed field plot 033 of Marc Delorme Station, were

planted in 1998.

Experimental design

MYD x VTT Seedlings were planted following a

randomized complete block design at a density of 160

trees per ha with six repetitions (Fig 1). In each block,

the repetition by progeny varied from 3 to 10 coconuts

Zadjhi et al., 2014

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Zadjhi et al., 2014

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Figure1:Experimentalsetupofthete

stPBGC43coconutMarcDelorme,

Abidjan,

Cted'Ivoire.

NB:Thenumbers1to18corre

spondtothe18progeniesNJM

xGV

T.

Numbers19and20arerespectivelyhybridNJM

xGOAimprovedand

unimproved.

The

NJM

xGOA

improvedorPB1

21+

isderivedfrom

acrossbetweenthefemaleparentNJM

andimprov

edGOA(GOA

maleparent+

).

At

theNJM

xGOA

unimprovedorPB121themaleparentGOAisnotimproved.



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and each block is composed of 10 lines of 12 trees. The

lines 1 and 32 and the trees 1 and 26 constitutes the

borders. A total of 832 coconut trees have been planted

on an area of 5.2 ha. The PB121 + hybrids from the

crossing of MYD and WAT+(MYD x WAT+) have been

used as control. The PB121+coconut trees stay the more

popularized in the world and ever studied (BOURDEIX

etal., 2005a).

METHODS

Variable number of bunches per year (Nbb),

number of fruits per year (NBFR), weight of copra per

tree per year (Cop / tree / year), weight of copra per

hectare per year (Cop / hectare / year) were considered

for the analysis. Production data of the adulthood where

productivity is stabilized (from 9 years) were collected

on the progeny of MYD x VTT (Malayan Yellow Dwarf

Vanuatu Tall) and VTT (Vanuatu Tall). Productivity of

MYD x VTT has been compared to that of MYD x

WAT+ (Malayan Yellow Dwarf x Improved West

African Tall) used as a control.

All data obtained were subjected to statistical

analysis. SPSS 16.0 (software Statistical Package forSocial Sciences 16.0) and CDM 3.0 (Coconut Data

Management 3.0) were used for this purpose. ANOVA

and Duncan test at the 5% level were used to compare

the productivity in MYD x VTT hybrid progenies and

DUNNET test (5%) was used to compare the

productivity of hybrid MYD x VTT with PB121+. The

student t-test at the 5% level was used to compare parent

VTT and progenies. The heterosis effect was estimated

using the following formula:

The strict sense heritability (h2) was estimated by

parent-offspring regression (Jayaraman 1999; Verrier

et al., 2001). The regression coefficient is equal to h2

when we only know the value of single parent and h2

when the values of both the parents are known.

b = regression coefficient, h2= heritability in the narrow

sense, Cov = covariance, Pi = phenotypic value of the

parent VTT i, D = phenotypic value of the progeny and

Var = variance.

RESULTS

Evaluation of the productivity of hybrid MYD x VTT

progenies

MYD x VTT hybrids progenies have the same

level of production plans. The probability P = 0.44

indicates that there is no difference between hybrids for

this trait. They produced an average of 9 1 to 11 1.35

bunches per year (Table-1). ANOVA allows to

discriminate MYD x VTT progenies for the number of

fruits, the amount of copra produced per tree and copra

per hectare. The descendants of d9have the lowest fruit

production (76 12 fruits), coconut tree / year (12.54

2.05 kg) and copra per hectare (2.01 0.33t). For the

same variables, the d11provided the highest values with

121 16 fruits per year, 19.82 2.62 kg of copra pertree / year 3.17 0.42t copra per hectare per year. These

values of d11are not significantly different from those of

most of the other progeny. MYD x VTT progenies

produced an average of 10 bunches and 104 fruits per

year; 16.51 kg of copra per tree and 2.64t copra per

hectare per year. These progeny may then be classified

into two groups. Firstly whose values are greater than the

average and secondly those values below the average.

The first group consists of progenies d5, d6, d8, d11, d12,

d15 and d18. The second group consists of progenies d1,

d2, d3, d4, d7, d9, d10, d13, d14, d16, d17.

In this test, the PB 121+ produced 10 0.73

bunches and 94 5.69 fruits per year per tree. Copra

yields per tree and per hectare per year are respectively

15.58 0.95 kg and 2.49 0.15t. All values are

Zadjhi et al., 2014

(Average offspring - male Sire Average) x 100

Average male Sire

Cov (Pi, D)

h2 = 2b = 2x

Var Pi



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statistically identical to the 18 MYD x VTT progenies

studied (Table -2).Evaluation of the productivity of VTT parent

Number of bunches produced per year differs

from VTT Parent with a significant probability of

P = 0.016. The number of fruits, weight of copra per tree

per year and the weight of copra per hectare per year

permit with the probabilities P


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Zadjhi et al., 2014


VariablesMYD x VTT

hybridesControl P Variables

MYD x VTT

hybridesControl P

Nbb

d1

d19(10 0.73)

0.98

Crop/tree/year

(kg)

d1

d19(15.58 0.95)

0.88

d2 1.00 d2 1.00

d3 1.00 d3 1.00

d4 1.00 d4 1.00

d5 1.00 d5 0.88

d6 1.00 d6 0.94

d7 1.00 d7 0.99

d8 0.90 d8 0.68

d9 0.73 d9 0.61

d10 1.00 d10 1.00

d11 0.99 d11 0.20

d12 0.98 d12 0.97

d13 1.00 d13 0.98

d14 1.00 d14 1.00

d15 0.99 d15 0.47

d16 1.00 d16 1.00

d17 1.00 d17 1.00

d18 0.96 d18 1.00

NbFr

d1

d19(94 5.69)

0.99

Crop/hectare/

year (t)

d1

d19(2.49 0.15)

0.88

d2 1.00 d2 1.00

d3 1.00 d3 1.00

d4 1.00 d4 1.00

d5 0.56 d5 0.88

d6 0.91 d6 0.94

d7 0.71 d7 0.99

d8 0.76 d8 0.68

d9 0.69 d9 0.61

d10 0.99 d10 1.00

d11 0.18 d11 0.20

d12 0.33 d12 0.97

d13 0.97 d13 0.98

d14 1.00 d14 1.00

d15 0.62 d15 0.47

d16 1.00 d16 1.00

d17 1.00 d17 1.00

d18 0.40 d18 1.00

Table 2: Comparison of the productivity of MYD x VTT hybrid witness PB 121 + (t test of DUNETT @5%) interval.

Nbb/year= Number of bunches per year, NbFr/year= Number of fruits per year, Cop/tree/year= Copra product per

tree per year, Cop/hectare/year= Copra product per hectare per year


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The heterosis effect is almost non-existent for

many bunch products per year (Table-4) in all progenies.

Reductions of bunch production, materialized by

negative values are observed (-2.27% to -27.19%) among

all progeny except d3 (25.61%), d8 (0, 41%), d11(24.01%) and d13(3.43%) who improved productions of

bunches are observed. For the production of fruit, this

value ranges from 15.43% (d8) to 214.66% (d3). Copra

per hectare per year is raised from 2.98% to 281.6%.

However, a loss of -33.27% is observed with progeny d 1.

On progeny average, heterosis effects were observed for

number of fruits per year (8.33%), copra per tree

(42.08%) and copra per hectare (50.04%).

Low heritability values were observed for theproduction of traits are measured. Heritability of number

of bunches, number of fruits per tree and copra per tree

are respectively 04% and 10% (Table 5).

DISCUSSION

The realized trial compare coconut hybrids come

from of the cross between a Dwarf coconut and the tall

one. In practice, a simplified crossing plan was adopted

when the two ecotypes crossed did not have the same

variability levels. So for the improvement of the hybrids

Dwarf x Grand, several male tall coconuts are tested to

suppress the reciprocal test. Indeed, the dwarfs of thecollection are autogamous, they have very low

phenotypic variability and are probably close to the pure

line. The results showed that the MYD x VTT progenies

produces bunch per year. The MYD which is the

common parent of all the progenies would have

influenced the crossing and would have standardized the

production of bunch. However, it is necessary to indicate

that the progenies d5, d6, d8, d11, d12, d15and d18give the

best results for the number of fruit per year and thecopra/tree/year and the copra / ha/year. These progenies

could be selected to farmers; otherwise, VTT parents G 5,

G6, G8, G11, G12, G15 and G18 could be selected to

produce MYD x VTT seeds. However, some parents

such as G5, G8, G11and G18that give the progenies d5, d8,

d11, and d18 with good productions, hasnt a good

productivity. Contrary to those, parents G1, G4, G7 and

Zadjhi et al., 2014


Table 3 : Productivity 18 parent males coconut VTT studied

VTT Nbb / year NbFr/year Cop/tree/year (Kg) Cop/hectare/year (t)

G1 13 1 a 145 44a. 22.20 6.77a 3.18 0.97a

G2 11 2 ab 085 36abc 06.76 2.88cde 0.97 0.41cde

G3 08 1 b 029 20c. 04.53 3.20e. 0.65 0.46e.G4 11 3 ab 114 62ab 20.01 10.98ab 2.86 1.57abG5 11 2 ab 078 43abc 06.37 3.49cde 0.91 0.50cde

G6 12 4ab 116 56ab 14.72 7.11abcd 2.10 1.02abcd

G7 12 3ab 128 61ab 13.14 6.32bcde 1.88 0.90bcdeG8 11 3ab 096 44abc 15.66 7.25abcd 2.24 1.04abcd

G9 10 2ab 063 25bc 06.81 2.72cde 0.97 0.39cde

G10 10 2ab 073 33abc 09.16 4.16cde 1.31 0.60cde

G11 09 3ab 060 36bc 05.98 3.55de 0.86 0.51de

G12 12 3ab 121 51ab 12.80 5.39bcde 1.83 0.77bcdeG13 10 2ab 067 31abc 08.59 3.97cde 1.23 0.57cde

G14 12 3ab 105 71abc 10.58 7.14cde 1.51 1.02cde

G15 14 3a 146 64a 16.08 7.00abc 2.30 1.00abc

G16 13 2a 132 35ab 15.97 4.29abc 2.28 0.61abc

G17 11 2ab 072 18abc 06.36 1.64cde 0.91 0.23cdeG18 11 3ab 085 47abc 11.44 6.28bcde 1.64 0.90bcde

Average 11 3.. 096 53.. 11.62 7.34 1.66 1.05.Nbb/year= Number of bunches per year, NbFr/year= Number of fruits per year, Cop/arbre/year= Copra

product per tree per year, Cop/hectare/year= Copra product per hectare per year


9/14

G16 that have the best yield give progenies with low

yield. It shows that the productivity of the progenies is

not always linked to the one of the parents VTT. It could

indicate that bunch production, fruit and copra is not

heritable or are influenced by the environment. The lows

heritability observed for the measured traits prove this

hypothesis. It also indicates that the VTT parents that

give the best progenies with good yield would combine

themselves better with the cultivar Dwarf Yellow

Malaysia. However with coconut, the choice of a tester

in the progeny tests is a compromise between two

contradictory necessities (BOURDEIX et al., 1991).

Indeed, it has to be an representative of its original

population and at the same time transmit high potential

Zadjhi et al., 2014


ba a b

a b ba

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a a a a b b aa

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d1G1 d2G2 d3G3 d4G4 d5G5 d6G6 d7G7 d8G8 d9G9 d10G10 d11G11 d12G12 d13G13 d14G14 d15G15 d16G16 d17G17 d18G18

dx

Gx

NumberofBunches

Parents and progenies

d1G1 d2G2 d3G3 d4G4 d5G5 d6G6 d7G7 d8G8 d9G9 d10G10 d11G11 d12G12 d13G13 d14G14 d15 G15 d16 G16 d17 G17 d18G18

Figure 2: Comparison of the number of bunches produced by year of MYD x VTT hybrids with theirmales parents VTT (Student's t test at 5%).

Figure 3: Comparison of the number of fruits produced per year by MYD x VTT hybrids with their males

parents VTT (Student's t test at 5%).


b

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umberoffruits




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of production to its progeny. Crossings between VTT

parents in order to stabilize some traits of interest, before

use in the production of MYD x VTT hybrid could

improve and correct some pre-occupations on the

productivity of the progenies.

In this trial, MYD x VTT hybrids produced on

average of 10 bunches per year; this average value is

below one of the parents VTT. However, different results

showed that Dwarf x Grand coconut hybrids give out

more bunches per year than their male parents

(BOURDEIX et al., 1992; LABOUISSE et al., 2005).

The tall coconuts have more developed vegetative traits

on the whole than Dwarf x Grand hybrids. Their more

robust stem gives them the advantage to resist the

drought more that the Dwarf x Grand. Therefore, these

trees would keep a good level of production during the

difficult periods than hybrids Dwarf x Grand. The

coconut is influenced to the variations of the

Zadjhi et al., 2014


b

a a b

a a aa

a

a

a

a a

a

a

a

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b

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b a

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0

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30


dx

Gx



Copra/hectare/year(T)

Figure 4: Comparison of copra weight product per trees per year of coconut MYD x VTT hybrids withtheir males parents VTT (Student's t test at 5%).


Copra/hectare/year(T)

b

aa

a

aa a

a

a

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a

a a

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d 1G1 d 2G2 d 3G3 d 4G4 d 5G5 d 6G6 d 7G7 d 8G8 d 9G9 d 10 G1 0 d1 1G1 1 d1 2G1 2 d1 3G1 3 d1 4G1 4 d1 5G1 5 d1 6G1 6 d1 7G1 7 d1 8G1 8

dx

Gx


Figure 5: Comparison of the production of copra per hectare per year of progenies coconut MYD x VTT

and their spawning males VTT (Student's t test at 5%).


11/14

environment (ROUPSARD et al., 2007), that could

explain difference between parents VTT and their

progenies Dwarf x Grand for the bunch produced per

year.

In the trial the MYD x VTT hybrids produced an

average of 2.64t of copra/hectare/year. This yield is

lower to the one of the PB 121+according the results of

BOURDEIX etal., (1992) but is statistically identical to

the one of the PB121+used as control in our trial. Indeed,

these authors who worked on the Station of research

Marc Delorme found that between 9 and 12 years the

MYD x WAT+Hybrids or PB 121+produce on average

of 17 bunches, 124 fruits and 4.06 t of copra per hectare

per year. This difference would be due to the selection

Zadjhi et al., 2014


Effets htrosis (%)

VTT/ MYD x VTT Bunches/year Fruits/year Copra/tree/year Copra/hectare/year

G1d1 -27.19 -42.46 -40.36 -33.27

G2d2 -05.46 17.97 141.27 169.94

G3d3 25.61 214.66 241.04 281.60

G4d4 -10.80 -10.95 -22.00 -12.73

G5d5 -01.82 45.55 181.17 214.62

G6d6 -13.05 -06.62 19.85 34.10

G7d7 -16.21 -12.80 31.00 46.57

G8d8 0.41 15.43 17.61 31.59

G9d9 -10.40 21.41 84.11 106.01

G10d10 -02.27 41.81 82.69 104.41

G11d11 24.01 100.97 231.24 270.62

G12d12 -07.07 -02.30 36.67 52.91

G13d13 3.43 58.40 102.85 126.96

G14d14 -11.99 -07.74 42.95 59.94

G15d15 -21.46 -22.81 17.84 31.85

G16d16 -24.92 -23.48 -07.96 02.98

G17d17 -03.14 40.70 153.59 183.72

G18d18 -02.82 36.55 44.69 61.90

On the average -09.00 08.33 42.08 50.04

Table 4 : Heterosis for the productivity of 18 hybrid progenies coconut

MYD x VTT in relation to their spawns VTT.

NB: Figures in bold represent losses


12/14

criterion of the parents. These researchers selected the

parents producing more 20 kg of copra by tree per year.

To the contrary in our trial the choice of the parents has

been achieved visually on the good general aspect of the

tree. Indeed, the initial objective of this trial was not to

achieve an aptitude test to the combination of the

individuals, but to provide to Ghana the coconut tree

descended from the crossing between MYD cultivars and

VTT for a resistance screening trial to lethal yellowing in

this country. Otherwise the devastation of

Pseudotheraptus devastanscannot be controlled. In this

trial the damages of these insects have also been

accessed. Unfortunately insecticide has not been applied.

The comparative survey of the productivity of every

progeny to his ascendant permitted to appreciate

heterosis effects. These effects that are more observed

with the copra by tree and by hectare showed the

performance of coconut tree hybrids returned by some

authors (BOURDEIX et al., 2005b). Heterosis that is

generally observed at the individual heterozygote could

explain itself by the effects of dominance and

superdominance of the genes implied in the

determination of the quantitative traits (QTLs) or by the

interaction between two complementary genes

(VERRIER et al., 2001; LU et al., 2003). The hybrid

vigor or increase of the performance of the hybrids

appear when the crossed individuals are genetically

distant. Indeed, the crossing between coconuts and

genetically distant would increase heterozygote and

therefore the hybrid vigor. These results would indicate

therefore, a good genetic distance between the Dwarf

Yellow Malaysia used here as female parent and the

parents males VTT.

CONCLUSION

The study assessed the agronomic performance

of 18 Malayan Yellow Dwarf x Vanuatu Tall coconut

hybrids coded d1 to d18 and their parent VTT codes G1

to G18. The results showed that MYD x VTT hybrids

produces per year 9 to 10 bunches, 76 to 121 fruits,

12.54 to 19.82 kg of copra by tree and 2.01t to 3, 17t of

copra by hectare. These yields are statistically equal to

the one of the control PB121+. The progenies d5, d6, d8,

d11, d12, d15and d18had the best yields. The parents VTT

produced 8 to 13 bunches, 29 to 146 fruits per year

4.53 kg to 22.20 kg copra by tree, 0.65t to 3,18t of copra

by hectare. The parents G1, G4, G6, G7, G12, G15and G16

have the best yields. On the average of the progenies,

heterosis effects have been observed for the copra by tree

(42.08%) and the copra by hectare (50.04%). Parents G 6,

G12and G15who give the best yields and provide better

offspring (d6, d12 and d15) are to be used for seed

production MYD x VTT. These three types of best

progenies MYD x VTT are advising farmers to prevent

the spread of lethal yellowing disease in Ghana and Cte

d'Ivoire.

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Cop/arbre 10

Table 5: Narrow-sense heritability for production

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Zadjhi et al., 2014



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