Assessing the Effectiveness of Archaeological Surveys Conducted at Avon Park Air Force Range Penn...
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Assessing the Effectiveness of Archaeological Surveys Conducted at Avon Park Air Force
Range
Penn State MGIS Capstone Proposalby Matthew Gill
Introduction
1. Location of Avon Park Air Force Range
2. Overview of the Range
3. Archaeology on the Range
4. Cultural Overview
Avon Park Location Map
Avon Park Overview Map
A View of the Range
Legal Requirements• National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (NHPA)
– Section 106 – Requires federal agencies to take into account the effect of their activities on historic (and archaeological) resources
– Section 110 – Requires federal agencies to establish a historic preservation program to manage archaeological and historic resources
• Archaeological Resources Protection Act of 1979 (ARPA)– Established permitting procedures for excavating or disturbing
archaeological sites on public land and penalties for failure to comply
Avon Park Surveys
Prehistoric Overview• Paleo-Indian Period (13,000-7,500 B.C.) – Small bands of hunter-gatherers using
stone tools. Limited evidence of activity at Avon Park.
• Archaic Period (7,500-500 B.C.) – Gradual transition to a more sedentary lifestyle, early ceramics and shell mounds in Late Archaic. Short term campsites have been found at Avon Park
• Woodland Period (500 B.C.-1500 A.D.) – establishment of permanent settlements, development of ceramics and more sophisticated material culture. Several shell mounds and other Woodland sites have been found at Avon Park– St. Johns culture, based in the St. Johns River watershed to the northeast– Belle Glade culture, based in the Okeechobee Basin region to the south
Examples of Prehistoric Artifacts
Belle Glade
St. Johns
Historic Overview• Colonial Period (1513-1845) – No evidence of activity at Avon Park
• Third Seminole War (1855-1858) – Fort Arbuckle and Fort Kissimmee
• Early Settlement and Cattle Ranching (1858-1920) – Many of the early homesteads have been found
• Turpentine Production (1920s-1930s) – Company town, tram line, and camps found throughout the range
• Avon Park Air Force Range Established (1942)
Examples of Historic Artifacts
Research Plan
1. Data Collection
2. Analyze the Results of Different Survey Methods
3. Analyze the Effectiveness of Predictive Models
4. Generate Conclusions
Survey Methods
Predictive Model from 1998
Revised Predictive Model from 2004
Planned Project Schedule
Prep for Proposal
Proposal Presentation
Data Processing-Surveys
Data Processing-Sites
Analysis-Surveys
Analysis-Models
Write Up Results
Incorporate Additional Data
Additional Analysis
Final Writeup
Prepare Final Presentation
Practice Presentation
Present at SEAC Conference
21-Apr 10-Jun 30-Jul 18-Sep 7-Nov
Special Thanks To:
• My advisor, Dr. Kirk French
• Beth King, Doug Miller and the rest of the MGIS faculty and staff
• Kathy Couturier, Avon Park base archaeologist
• All of the archaeologists who have worked at Avon Park over the years
References• Austin, Robert J. “Prehistoric and Early Historic Settlement in the Kissimmee River Valley: An Archaeological
Survey of the Avon Park Air Force Range.” The Florida Anthropologist 40, no. 4 (1987): 287–300.• Brooks, Mark J. An Archaeological Survey of the Proposed X Range Construction Project Area, Avon Park Air
Force Range, Highlands County, Florida. St. Petersburg, FL: Piper Archaeological Research Inc., 1983. • Devane, P. T. A History of Lands Composing the Avon Park Bombing Range. Manuscript on file, Natural
Resources Division, Avon Park Air Force Range, Avon Park, Florida., 1983. • Elam, Jenifer, Brandi Carrier Jones, and Amy Burkholder. Phase I Archaeological Investigation of 2,707.47
acres on Avon Park Air Force Range, Polk and Highlands Counties, Florida. United States Air Force Air Combat Command Series, Reports of Investigations Number 54. Hampton, Virginia: Geo-Marine, Inc., 2009.
• Florida Department of State, Division of Historic Resources (FL DHR). “Cultural Resources Management Standards & Operations Manual”, Module 3, www.flheritage.com, 2002. Retrieved from http://www.flheritage.com/preservation/compliance/manual.cfm on 3/28/2014.
• Milanich, J.T. Archaeological Contexts. In Florida Historic Contexts, Version of 9-27-93, Online document. http://www.flheritage.com/facts/reports/contexts
• Osburn, Tiffany, Michael Wilder, Lisa O’Steen, and Brandi C. Jones. Phase I and Phase II Archaeological Investigations, Avon Park Air Force Range, Polk and Highlands Counties, Florida. United States Air Force Air
Combat Command Series, Reports of Investigation 34. Plano, Texas: Geo-Marine, Inc., 2008.• Wilder, Michael, and Charles Frederick. Archaeological and Geomorphological Investigations at the Avon
Park Air Force Range, Highlands and Polk Counties, Florida. United States Air Force Air Combat Command Series, Report of Investigations 32. Plano, Texas: Geo-Marine, Inc., 2006.