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Proceedings of the ASME District F Early Career Technical Conference

School of Engineering

University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama, USA

November 2-3, 2013

Volume 12

ASME DISRICT F – ECTC 2013 EARLY CAREER TECHNICAL CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Volume 12

Presented at ASME District F - Early Career Technical Conference

School of Engineering The University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB)

Birmingham, Alabama November 2-3, 2013

Sponsored by

University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) – School of Engineering The ASME Old Guard

HOLTEC International, UNIFIED BRANDS ENTERGY, The Energy Group

Innovative Solutions in Medicine & Surgery ASME, ASME District F ASME Atlanta Section

ASME Chattanooga Section, ASME Mississippi Section

Technical Committee Dr. J. Donnell

Dr. P. Durbetaki

Chair of Coordinating Committee Dr. K. R. Rao

For more information about ECTC 2013 visit: http://districts.asme.org/DISTRICTF/ECTC/

ASME SOUTHEAST DISTRICT F

THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016

iii

EDITORIAL BOARD

Pandeli Durbetaki, PhD Jeffrey Donnell, PhD Editor-in-Chief Editor

Co-Editors Associate Editors

Le Roy Alaways, PhD Mohammed Ali, PhD, CMS Mir M. Atiqullah, PhD Larry A, Bailey, PE, CPM, APP Ram A. Goel, PhD, PE David Branscomb, PhD Brian C. Gray, PE Bryan Eldridge Sheldon Jeter, PhD Venkat Goli, PhD P. Raju Mantena, PhD Jianwen "Wayne" Hu, PhD Hardayal Mehta, PhD, PE Gerald Jones, PhD, PE

Ramana Pidaparti, PhD Adeel Khalid, PhD Ram Peddada, DSc, MD William E. Long, Jr., PE

Robert W. Pitz, PhD Dale McDonald, PhD P. K. Raju, PhD Kevin McFall, PhD Robert Taylor, PhD Brian Munn, PhD Shuh Jing (Ben) Ying, PhD, PE Deepak J. Negandhi, PE Vladamir V. Vantevich, PhD Rambod Rayegan, PhD Tezeswi Tadepalli, PhD

© Copyright 2013 by ASME Southeast District F, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016 All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or any means, or stored in a data base or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. ASME shall not be responsible for statements or opinions advanced in papers or printed in its publications (B7.1.3). Statement of ASME Bylaws. ASME District F encompasses the states of Alabama, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia. For more information go to http://districts.asme.org/DistrictF.htm.

ISBN 978-1-4675-9169-0

ASME District F - ECTC 2013 Proceedings - Vol. 12 iv

FOREWORD

“Proceedings” of ASME District F Early Career Technical Conference (ECTC) 2013

November 02 – 03, 2013

One of the primary objectives of ASME is dissemination of technical information. Pursuant to this goal the

ASME Southeastern Region (Region XI) initiated the Graduate Student Technical Conferences (GSTC) in

1991 when Dr. P. Durbetaki was the Vice President of Region XI; it was held in the School of Mechanical

Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA. The Regional Technical Conference (RTC) was

initiated in 2001 by the Regional Vice President Dr. K. R. Rao and with the help of the Region XI Operating

Board.

The first RTC was held on April 6, 2002, in Jackson, Mississippi with the participation of students across all

five states (Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee and Mississippi) of the former ASME Region XI. The

quality of the reviewed papers, published in the four volumes of the Regional Technical Journal from 2002

through 2006, called for this Conference to be renamed in 2006 as the Early Career Technical Conference

(ECTC) indicating the changing demands of the times. On October 6 and 7, 2006 ECTC was held, in

Jackson, MS with a robust support of Entergy Operations, Inc. In 2007, for the first time, ECTC was held in

a University, Florida International University (FIU), Miami, FL. ECTC 2008 was also held at FIU, Miami,

Florida with invitations being extended to all of the Universities invited for ECTC 2007. Dr. Yong Tao was

the Chair, Technical Committee and Editor for ECTC 2007 and Dr. Sabri Tosunoglu for ECTC 2008. The

generous financial support of ASME Old Guard funded the registration and the financial support of all the

sponsors even offset a part of the travel expenses of the paper presenters attending these conferences.

The success of the preceding ASME District F Early Career Technical Conferences prompted the organizers

to look beyond the frontiers of the District F; District F comprises of VA, NC, SC, GA, FL, TN. AL and MS.

For the ECTC 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and the current ECTC 2013, invitations were sent to all of the

universities affiliated with all of the ASME Districts A to J that were even beyond the US. ECTC 2013 has

45 paper presenters, of which 8 are from Australia, Asia and Europe; 12 from CA, KY, LA, MD, MI, MO,

NY, OH and TX; and 25 submittals from District F. Thus, the theme for this Conference “ECTC Opens the

Window to Outside USA” has been amply demonstrated! Equally noteworthy is that we have a total of 145

authors and co-authors of which 19 were outside the US; 28 beyond District F in the US; and 98 were from

District F. Thus, the purpose of the conference is accomplished, to promote interaction between presenters,

peers, senior faculty and supervisors which is apparent from the number of co-authors.

The Department of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) hosted this

conference and the organizers wish to thank Dr. David Littlefield and his staff. Dr. Littlefield, who took

over charge from Dr. Soni, facilitated a smooth transition to make this ECTC a success with maximum

number of paper presentations.

Editorial Board of the “ECTC 2013 Proceedings” established an elaborate review process similar to the

process used by ASME Technical Divisions. Papers were distributed to Co-Editors and Associate Editors of

the Editorial Board based on their areas of expertise, and they obtained reviews for each paper by expert

reviewers in the field. The Editorial Board made a significant effort to ensure that the review process for

each paper followed the criteria and deadlines. Because of this rigorous requirement, the papers submitted

were accepted for presentation only after corrections were made based on reviewers’ comments. “Proceeding

of ECTC 2013” is a compilation of forty fifty (45) reviewed and accepted technical papers from the US,

Australia, Asia and Europe.

K. R. Rao, PhD, PE., Fellow ASME, FIE, CE

Chair, ECTC 2013

P. Durbetaki, PhD, Life Fellow ASME

Co-Chair, ECTC 2013

ASME District F - ECTC 2013 Proceedings - Vol. 12 v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ASME District F Early Career Technical Conference (ECTC) “Proceedings”

November, 2013

Many individuals contributed to the success of this Early Career Technical Conference and this

ASME District F ECTC Proceedings.

The Steering Committee express gratitude and appreciation to Dr. K R. Rao, Chair, Dr. P.

Durbetaki, Co-chair and Dr. Jeffrey Donnell member of the Steering and Conference

Committees. The efforts of Steering Committee members Dr. Yong X. Tao, Dr. Hardayal

Mehta, Dr. Bharat K. Soni and Conference Committee members Dr. David L. Littlefield, Dr.

Vladmir V. Vantsvech, Ms Heather Creel, Mr. Chris D. Samford and Ms. Mary Bailey for their

support in organizing this conference are appreciated. In sum, the contribution of these several

persons for the success of this conference resulting in this publication of “Proceedings” is

evident.

ASME District F ECTC 2013 Editorial Board comprises of the Editor-in-Chief Dr. Pandeli

Durbetaki and Editor Dr. J. Donnell and. Co-editors and Associate Editors from Faculty and

from Professionals. We thank all the members of the Editorial Board and invited reviewers, who

spent countless hours of their own time reviewing and critiquing the papers to ensure a quality

publication. The advice and guidance of Dr. K. R. Rao in inviting papers and soliciting expert

members of the editorial board is hereby acknowledged and appreciated. Services of ASME

District F Leader Ms Mary Bailey in helping transfer of ECTC 2013 information to the ASME

District F web site http://districts.asme.org/DistrictF/ECTC/ are appreciated.

ASME District F Steering and Conference Committees thank ASME staff Ms. Ty Booker and

Ms. Elizabeth M. Woll for the administrative support to the success of the conference and

publication of this “Proceedings”.

Finally, we all owe a great debt of gratitude to our principal sponsors Mechanical Engineering

Department, University of Alabama Birmingham (UAB), the ASME Old Guard, HOLTEC

International, Unified Brands, ENTERGY OPERATIONS Inc., The Energy Group, Innovative

Solutions in Medicine & Surgery, ASME District F, ASME Atlanta Section, ASME Birmingham

Section, ASME Chattanooga Section and ASME Mississippi Section, Faculty and Staff Support

from the Mechanical Engineering Department, UAB.

Dr. David L. Littlefield and Ms. Heather Creel are particularly acknowledged and appreciated in

posting the “Proceedings” of ASME District F ECTC2009, ECTC2010, ECTC2011, ECTC2012

and current Proceedings of ECTC2013 at the UAB web site.

-- 2013 ASME District F ECTC Steering and Conference Committees--

ASME District F - ECTC 2013 Proceedings - Vol. 12 vi

The ASME Early Career Technical Conference Committee and Technical Journal Editorial Board Express their Appreciation to

the Following Sponsors for Supporting ECTC 2012

ASME DISTRICT F

ASME ATLANTA SECTION

ASME CHATTANOOGA SECTION

ASME District F - ECTC 2013 Proceedings - Vol. 12 vii

SScchhooooll ooff EEnnggiinneeeerriinngg MMeecchhaanniiccaall EEnnggiinneeeerriinngg

University of Alabama at Birmingham

ASME District F - ECTC 2013 Proceedings - Vol. 12 viii

Entergy©

Entergy Nuclear

isms - innovative solutions in medicine & surgery, llc

ASME District F - ECTC 2013 Proceedings - Vol. 12 ix

Table of Contents

INSIDE COVER iii

EDITORIAL BOARD iv

FOREWORD v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi

SPONSORS vii SECTION 1 BIO-MEDICAL / BIOENGINEERING

1. NAMHEON LEE, MICHAEL D. TAYLOR, KAN N. HOR and RUPAK K. BANERJEE 3 Non-invasive Evaluation of Energy Loss in the Pulmonary Arteries using 4D Phase Contrast MRI Measurement

2. DANIEL K. OLENDER and YONG ZHU 7 Design and EEG-based Control of a Bio-inspired Ankle Foot Orthosis

3. YONG ZHU, ADETAYO FAMINU and LI LI 14 Design and Testing of a Center-of-pressure Oscillation Measurement Device for Assessment of Postural Control Recovery

4. MOHAMMED ALI and ESSAM A. IBRAHIM 20

Determination of Particle Aerodynamic Size Distribution and Viability of Aerosolized H1N1 Virus

5. XIUHUA SI and RACHEL GAIDE 27 Electrophoretic Focusing and Navigation for Intranasal Target Drug Delivery

6. DREW A. LATHAN and BETH A. TODD 34

Counter-Balancing Mechanism for Improving Independence when Using an Exoskeleton

SECTION 2

MATERIALS

7. CHINMAY SONAVANE, ASHWIN POLISHETTY and GUY LITTLEFAIR 41 Machinability and Phase Transformation Study of Nanobainite Steels

8. MONSUR ISLAM, RITWIK BANDYOPADHYAY, SWATI SHARMA and MARC J MADOU 46

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) - Carbon Intermediate Materials: Electrical and Chemical Properties

9. ASHWIN POLISHETTY, VIGNESH MANOHARAN, GUY LITTLEFAIR and CHINMAY SONAVANE 53 Machinability Assessment of Ti-6Al-4V for Aerospace Applications

10. XIBING GONG, BO CHENG, STEVEN PRICE and KEVIN CHOU 59 Powder-Bed Electron-Beam-Melting Additive Manufacturing: Powder Characterization, Process Simulation and Metrology

11. MATTHEW L. SCHULTE 67 Origin of Materials: Where Our Metals Come From and Why the Engineering World Cares

ASME District F - ECTC 2013 Proceedings - Vol. 12 x

12. SEAN P. KENNEDY and SAEED B. NIKU 73 Material Characterization of Nitinol Wires for the Design of Actuation Systems

13. MUJIBUR R KHAN, MAXWELL FRIEL and JABEOUS WEAVER 81

Thermoelectric and Mechanical Properties of SiC+SWCNTs+B4C Nanocomposites with Sol-gels Diffusion

SECTION 3

DYNAMIC SYSTEMS & CONTROL

14. RACHAEL McCARTY, M. HAROON SHEIK, KYLE HODGES, and NIMA MAHMOODI 89 Vibration of Atomic Force Microscopy Using Hamilton’s Principle

15. STEPHEN ARMAH and SUN YI 97 Robot Autonomous Navigation Control Algorithms for Various Types of Tasks Performed in the X-Y Plane

16. ALAN J. HAMLET and CARL D. CRANE 105 Robotic Behavior Prediction Using Hidden Markov Models

17. TOM TRASK, ARNOLD CASSELL, DANG HUYNH and DANIEL COX 112 Near Real-Time Teleoperation Control of the Stäubli TX40 Robot

18. JOSHUA N. WEAVER, DANIEL Z. FRANK, ERIC M. SCHWARTZ and A. ANTONIO ARROYO 119 UAV Performing Autonomous Landing on USV Utilizing the Robot Operating System

19. WILLIAM D. McGINNIS, DAVID G. BEALE and J-M WERSINGER 125 Simulation and Validation of a Low Power Regime Based Attitude Determination and Control System for Cubesats

SECTION 4 ENERGY

20. WILL K. HAYS and ROBERT J. PRINS 135 Energy Usage Modeling and Measurements for an Electric Motorcycle on a Cross Country Route

21. MOSTAFA RANJBAR and MILAD KERMANI 141 On Maximization of Noise Transmission Loss in Mufflers by Geometry Modification Concept

22. ERNANDES JOSE GONCALVES DO NASCIMENTO, OBIECHINA IRUKA ABAKPORO, ALEJANDRO RIVERA, and JUAN ORDONEZ 145 Cooling Channel Analysis to Enhance the Efficiency of Fuel Cells and Photovoltaic Panels

SECTION 5

NUMERICAL METHODS

23. MOSTAFA SALAMA and VLADIMIR V. VANTSEVICH 155 Stochastic Tire-Terrain Interaction for Unmanned Ground Vehicle Modeling

24. MAHDI JAMSHIDINIA, FANRONG KONG and RADOVAN KOVACEVIC 163

The Coupled CFD-FEM Model of Electron Beam Melting® (EBM)

25. PANKAJ RAJPUT, GIOVANNI DI ILIO and RONALD DIAZ 172 Spider Web Topology: Parameterization and Analysis

ASME District F - ECTC 2013 Proceedings - Vol. 12 xi

26. LIN LI, QINGDE CHEN and CHI TAY TSAI 180 Numerical Characterization of a Passive Three Dimensional Triangular Micromixer Based on Chaotic Advection and Splitting-Recombination Mixing Mechanism

27. CHI ZHU, GUIBO LI and HAOXIANG LUO 186

Using Compact Finite-Difference Scheme Along With the Immersed-Boundary Method

SECTION 6 FLUIDS ENGINEERING

28. FANNY M. BESEM, JEFFREY P. THOMAS, STEPHEN T. CLARK, ROBERT E. KIELB, EARL H. DOWELL and KENNETH C. HALL 193 Aeroelastic Response of a Vortex-Induced Vibrating Cylinder Using a Proper Orthogonal Decomposition Based Reduced Order Model

29. JIALEI SONG, HAOXIANG LUO and TYSON L. HEDRICK 201

Performance of a Hummingbird During Hovering Flight

30. SIYUAN CHANG, FANGBAO TIAN, HAOXIANG LUO, JAMES F. DOYLE, TSUYOSHI KOJIMA and BERNARD ROUSSEAU 207 CFD Modeling of the Vocal Fold Vibration for Evoked Rabbit Phonation

31. MATTHEW J. SANDLIN and SHELDON M. JETER 213 An experimental and Numerical Study of Granular Hopper Flows

SECTION 7

DESIGN & MANUFACTURING

32. JAMES WILLIAM BECKER 225 Investigation into the Benefits of Using ASME BPVC Section VIII Division 2 in Lieu of Division 1 for Pressure Vessel Design

33. EPHRAIM F. ZEGEYE, ALI KADKHODA GHAMSARI and EYASSU WOLDESENBET 231 Strain Sensing Property of Glass Microballoons/Cnf Nanocomposite Embedded in Syntactic Foam

34. SOPHORIA WESTMORELAND and LINDA SCHMIDT 236 Cognitive Evidense in Engineering Design Documentation

35. SHAOBIAO CAI and YONGLI ZHAO 243 The Modeling and Design of a Sustainable Pneumatic Energy Driving Automobile System

36. ADETAYO C. FAMINU and YONG ZHU 250 Design and Control of a Leg Press Training Machine for Whole Body Vibration

SECTION 8

HEAT TRANSFER

37. KENNEDY OSAIGHE AMEDU 259 Investigation Into the Thermal Homogeneity of Jet Impingement Heat Transfer in Concentric Tube Annulus

38. PIERO CABALLERO, SAM YANG, ALEJANDRO RIVERA and J. C. ORDONEZ 267 Finite Element Analysis of a High Performance Heat Sink with Complex Geometry in Power Electronic Building Blocks

ASME District F - ECTC 2013 Proceedings - Vol. 12 xii

39. MUHAMMAD M. MAHMOOD, DRAKE VISCOME and SHELDON M. JETER 271 Gas Turbine Exhaust-Heat-Driven Cooling Cycle for Steam Condenser Cooling Air Application

40. MATTHEW GOLOB, DENNIS SADOWSKI and SHELDON M. JETER 278 Serpentine Particle-Flow Heat Exchanger with Working Fluid for Solar Thermal Power Generation

SECTION 9 MISCELLENEOUS

41. MAGDALENA KRSTANOSKI and KRISTINA JAKIMOVSKA 289 Experimental Study on Analyzing Human Factor in the Process of Planning of Vertical Transportation

42. MICHAEL D. WALKER and RAMANA M. PIDAPARTI 297 A Multiplication Toy for Children: The Color Cross Cube

43. HADI FEKRMANDI, JAVIER ROJAS, MICHAEL WOLFF, IBRAHIM NUR TANSEL, SERGIO GONZALEZ, and BALEMIR URAGUN 302 Monitoring the Health of a Beam Remotely by using Scanning Laser Vibrometer

44. WILLIAM CLINE, PRANITA SARASWATULA, KAMBUI JOHN, ADEEL KHALID and KAMRAN MOGHADDAM 307 Cobb County-Marietta Water Authority Pump Station Maintenance Optimization Plan

45. MAGDALENA KRSTANOSKI and YONG ZHU 315 Concept Review of the Parameters as Related to the Green Aspects of Elevators in Decision-Making Process

ASME District F - ECTC 2013 Proceedings - Vol. 12 xiii

ASME District F - ECTC 2013 Proceedings - Vol. 12 xiv