ASEC 2018 – Year of Engineering

© 2018. Changan UK R&D Centre Limited.Copyright © (2018) by (Andy Howells). Published and used by INCOSE UK Ltd and INCOSE with permission.

ASEC 2018 – Year of Engineering

30 Years living, breathing and Implementing System Engineering

Changan UK R&D Centre

Andy Howells – Head of Powertrain Control and Electronics

November 2018

© 2018. Changan UK R&D Centre Limited.Copyright © (2018) by (Andy Howells). Published and used by INCOSE UK Ltd and INCOSE with permission

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1. Introduction and Experiences

2. System Engineering Journey at Changan

3. Bringing Everything Together – Example

4. Summary


3

Introduction

30th Year in Engineering

Joined INCOSE in 1995

Passion for System Engineering

“Develop Complex Systems as simply and efficiently as possible”

Experiences

Education

Experience

Training

Application

Mentoring


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13 Years

CONTEXTPost Cold War “Option for Change” • Capability Development• Better equipped smaller forces • A drive to reduce Procurement costs with better

Systems Engineering application?

Key Experiences

BEng. and MBA Sponsorship, Variety, Experience and formal training

DOORS – Doesn’t make you a Requirements Engineer

It’s all about the end user – Reliable and Simple

View Points and Architecture Frameworks the Future?

Experience Summary


11 Years

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Interface management


• System Arch. Analysis• Derive Sub-system Options• Sub-system Trade Studies• Sub-system Analysis

• Enterprise Analysis• System of Systems• Stakeholder Analysis

• Context System Analysis• Use Case Analysis• System Trade Studies• Behaviour Analysis• Physical Analysis• Functional Analysis

D O D A F

User Requirement

s

User Requirement

sConOps

ConOps

System Requirement

s

System Requirement

s

SubsystemSpecs

SubsystemSpecs

ValidationStrategy

ValidationStrategy

Reference Model

Reference Model

AlgorithmSpec

AlgorithmSpec

• Sub-system Development• Software Design • Hardware Design• Integration• Trials

SoftwareCode

SoftwareCode

HardwareHardware

Activities

Outputs

System Architecture

Model

ALGOMODEL

(MATLAB SIMULINK)

PERFORMANCEMODEL

(MATLAB SIMULINK,SME TOOLS)

S/W REALISATIONMODEL (UML)

SOFTWARETESTING

MODEL (UML)

PIM

PLATFORM nPLATFORM 1

Code/Obj

Test Data

Reusable ComponentsDesign Patterns

Code Insert forPerformance Model

ALGOMODEL

(MATLAB SIMULINK)

PERFORMANCEMODEL



SOFTWARETESTING

MODEL (UML)

PIM


Code/Obj

Test Data



D O D A F

Enterprise Model

Sub-SystemModel

MBSE

MBSE/ MDA

MDA



• System Arch. Analysis• Derive Sub-system Options• Sub-system Trade Studies• Sub-system Analysis

• Enterprise Analysis• System of Systems• Stakeholder Analysis

• Context System Analysis• Use Case Analysis• System Trade Studies• Behaviour Analysis• Physical Analysis• Functional Analysis

D O D A FD O D A F

User Requirement

s

User Requirement

sConOps

ConOps

System Requirement

s

System Requirement

s

SubsystemSpecs

SubsystemSpecs

ValidationStrategy

ValidationStrategy

Reference Model

Reference Model

AlgorithmSpec

AlgorithmSpec

• Sub-system Development• Software Design • Hardware Design• Integration• Trials

SoftwareCode

SoftwareCode

HardwareHardware

Activities

Outputs

System Architecture

Model

ALGOMODEL

(MATLAB SIMULINK)

PERFORMANCEMODEL



SOFTWARETESTING

MODEL (UML)

PIM


Code/Obj

Test Data



ALGOMODEL

(MATLAB SIMULINK)

PERFORMANCEMODEL



SOFTWARETESTING

MODEL (UML)

PIM


Code/Obj

Test Data



D O D A FD O D A F

Enterprise Model

Sub-SystemModel

MBSE

MBSE/ MDA

MDA

Experience SummaryCONTEXTComplex Weapon SystemsReduce costs and Quicker to MarketInternational Collaboration Convergence and modern practices in engineering methods & tools• Systems & Software (SysML and UML)• Electronics & Mechanical

Key Experiences

System Design/Architect Lead and Mentor

International Team work and Collaboration

Opportunity to develop MBSE

Functional Resource Management

http://www.armedforces.co.uk/raf/listings/raf8e1.htm

http://www.google.co.uk/imgres?imgurl=http://www.flightglobal.com/assets/getAsset.aspx?ItemID%3D19405&imgrefurl=http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/05/30/224302/uks-fire-shadow-loitering-munition-makes-flight-debut.html&usg=__8MbNss6VE7g_BGtBLk6DX3m0SiE=&h=243&w=445&sz=35&hl=en&start=2&zoom=1&tbnid=iMAotnITHxbMcM:&tbnh=69&tbnw=127&ei=RFIETt_BMoq08QPvoo2_DQ&prev=/search?q%3Dloitering%2Bmunition%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26tbm%3Disch&um=1&itbs=1


6 Years

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CONTEXTChinese Automotive CompanyMove to develop own products utilising 7 Worldwide Research and Development centresChangan UK Focus on developing homegrown Powertrains“Green Field” site for Engineering capabilityDrive for Energy Efficiency and Low Emission

Key Experiences Started with very little infrastructure

Design/deliver products and build capability at the same time!

Understand the problem space – gather data and facts!

System Engineering and Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) focus

Development of Capability Pyramids

Experience Summary


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System Engineering Journey at Changan


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Historically Changan commit most resources during Product Realisation and Production phases.

Observations: • Utilised competitors or existing designs• Physical vs functional design;• Lack of formal requirements;• Too many Technical Issues; • Lack of “System” Thinking.

Focusing on System Engineering principles including Requirements and Design were seen as key enablers.

Observations and Challenges (2013)

Initial Analysis and Benchmark

SE Theory and Observations


Basic MBSE Results and Benefits (Transmission only - 2014)

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“The MBSE approach deployed on the project has already realised significant benefits and reduced technical risks “ Vice President Changan

• Basic Use Case Analysis undertaken• 8D Issue Solving applied

1st MBSE Application

Use Case Number UC01 Use Case Name Wake Up TRX SYSTEM

Description Initialises the TRX SYSTEM to an operational state prior to engine crank.

Primary Actor Ignition Circuit Pre-conditions Battery Power is present Post-conditions TRX SYSTEM is transmitting information

Primary Scenario Steps

1. Ignition Circuit sends ignition power to the TRX SYSTEM (TRIGGER) 2. TRX SYSTEM loads its characteristic information 3. TRX SYSTEM determines that it is a healthy state 4. EMS transmits information to TRX SYSTEM 5. TRX SYSTEM determines that the EMS messages are valid 6. ESP transmits information to TRX SYSTEM 7. TRX SYSTEM determines that the ESP messages are valid 8. TRX SYSTEM starts transmitting information


Changan Approach to System Engineering (CHASE)

CHASE

Use simple MBSE concepts and gradually build capability a layer at a time!

SE Developmentand Rollout Experience


1111

Sponsorship Disciples and Islands Leadership and Mindfulness Recognition of Challenge Mentoring and Architects System Thinking Competency Development Training with Expert Help

Graphical Based Design approach Approach to Context based

Requirements Engineering (ACRE) AUTOSPICE Scalable Ontology development System and Software Architectures

Whiteboards! Infrastructure and toolset capability Phased Introduction Collaborative Environments Toolset aligns with our Process, Method

and People needs Good Quality Output

Capability Pyramid - Strategy


Engineers with technical knowledge

People and Infrastructure

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External expertise for MBSE

Project Management support

Training / Consultancy / Workshops to ensure common understanding

Architects (monitoring process)

Technical Lead

Engineers with SE /MBSE/Toolset knowledge

Without control project will fail!

Project room + facilities

Successful team requires a range of skills

Team

The Teamwork Balance

LeadershipFacilitatorMentor

Engineer Development

MentoringEngineer Competency development


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Bringing Everything Together SE/MBSE in the Real World

The Creep Example

“Vehicle behaviour when utilising an automatic transmission resulting in controlled movement when you let off the brake without accelerator pedal input”

https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=automatic%20transmission

https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=let%20off

https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=brake


Project Background

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Gen 1 Hybrid Prototype Vehicle

Context• 1st Generation project (2014-2016)

• Low SE/MBSE application• Benchmark and Issues tracked

• 2nd Generation project (2017 - )• SE focus on key features across the “V”• Development of System and SW Architectures• Integration of key disciplines (System, SW,

HW Functional Safety etc.)

• One Feature “Creep” used to assess MBSE effectiveness and assessment of progress

• Gen2 development applied to Gen 1 Vehicle

Gen 2 Hybrid Prototype Vehicle

Context


Behavioural Model

Implementation Model


Logical Model



This concept is based on experience and industry examples but implemented quicker.

CHASE Model Approach

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Models allow reuse of the system design in multiple contexts driving effort reduction and consistency in implementation.

Behavioural model focuses on the traditional approach of “features” within an Automotive context

2014 - 2015

Combining Behavioural and Logical Models allows application to multiple implementations

Model Concept

Gen 1 Gen 2.1 Gen 2.2 Gen 2.3


AGILE Development

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Creep Development – Gen 1 (Traditional) vs Gen 2 (MBSE)

Technical Spec issue 1 Technical Spec issue 2

Technical Spec issue 3

Technical Spec issue 1

Different Way of Working

Team WorkCollaboration


Why develop a new System/SW Architecture?

Complexity Management

Coupling and Cohesion


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System Design SW Design and Test Vehicle Test

Adapting MBSE Approach for Changan Working Environment

Tailored MBSE Approach

ScenariosFacilitatorObserver Experience


Creep – Different Contexts and Views

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Model generated System Design Specifications provide information to define the required function and Performance.

Scenarios RequirementsAnd Text

SSV [UMLDiagram] Calculate Creep Power Demand Connectiv ity [Calculate Creep Power Demand Connectiv ity]

«operation»Calculate Creep Power Demand

Physical

«internal message»Creep Power Demand

«operation»Calculate

Tractiv e Power Demand Physical

«internal message»Driv e Mode

«internal message»Vehicle Speed

«internal message»Brake Demand

«internal message»Power Demand Mode

«internal message»Driv er Demand

Minimum Power Limit

«operation»Arbitrate Driv e Modes Physical

«operation»CAN 1 Digital

Signal Conv ersion

«operation»Calculate Driv er

Demanded Power Physical

«internal message»Tractiv e Power

Permission

«operation»Arbitrate Tractiv e

Phase Physical

«receive»«receive»«receive»«receive» «send»

«send»

«send»

«send»

«receive»

«send»

«send»«send» «receive»«receive»Structure and Interfaces

Sequences

Tractive Phase

Non-Tractive Phase

Standby

Activ e

Initial Shut Down

Inactive [Tractive Power= Denied]

Active [TractivePower = Permitted]States

Tailored MBSE Approach


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New development approach requires more upfront effort, but overall provides a significant saving in project resource and timing and delivers a more robust solution.

Metric Comparator Gen 1 Creep Approach Gen 2 Creep Approach

Up to 78% less energy usageNo of Creep technical requirements 5 75No of design scenarios/Use Cases 1 36No of unique test cases 3 36Number of issues logged 43 6

Time of develop the requirements and initial design

~20 man days (SW supplier) 45 man days

Time to debug and test

Model In the Loop (MiL)

>5 man days

(Several find and fix issues)

1 man day

Time to integrate into vehicle (Basic Operation) >5 man days 1 man dayTime to debug and validate requirements >> 60 man days

(4 additional SW Releases)

2 man days

(1 additional SW release)Total: >> 90 days 49 days

Metric Evidence

Creep: Non MBSE vs MBSE Approach (On same Gen 1 vehicle)


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Summary


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Summary

Summary

• System Engineering Toolbox • INCOSE Support• Experience, Training and Application Re-Use

• Capability Pyramid Development• People, Process, Tools balance

• MBSE tailored and successfully applied• Context, Models, Complexity management• Architects and Architectures

• Where’s the Next Generation of “System Thinkers” and MBSE Disciples?

Thank you – Q&A


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Creep Issue Analysis(Gen 1 Project) Root Cause

Analysis

Issue Found

Issue Identificationand Analysis


SE and People – A complex Picture?

ASEC 2018 – Year of Engineering

Documents

Transcript of ASEC 2018 – Year of Engineering