AS lymphaticsimmunity colstons notes

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Anatomy & Physiology 2Summer 2004

Chapter 22 – Lymphatics and Immunity

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.1

Figure 22.1 The Components of the Lymphatic System


Figure 22.2 Lymphatic Capillaries

Figure 22.2a, b


Figure 22.3 Lymphatic Vessels and Valves

Figure 22.3a, b

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.4a

Figure 22.4 The Relationship between the Lymphatic Ducts and the Venous System

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.4b

Figure 22.4 The Relationship between the Lymphatic Ducts and the Venous System


Figure 22.6 Lymphoid Nodules

Figure 22.6


Figure 22.7 The Structure of a Lymph Node

Figure 22.7

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 22.5a-c

Figure 22.5 The Derivation and Distribution of Lymphocytes


• Nonspecific defenses –

• Specific defenses-

Lymphatic system and body defenses


Figure 22.10 Nonspecific Defenses (Part 1 - Physical Barriers)


• Remove cellular debris and respond to invasion by foreign pathogens

• Monocyte-macrophage system - Fixed and free

• Microphages – Neutrophils and eosinophils

• Move by diapedesis

• Exhibit chemotaxis

Nonspecific Defenses, Phagocytes


Figure 22.10 Nonspecific Defenses(Part 2 - Phagocytes)

Figure 22.10


Figure 22.10 Nonspecific Defenses(Part 3 - Immunological Surveillance)


Nonspecific Defenses, Interferons (cytokines)

• Small proteins released by virally infected cells

• Trigger the production of antiviral proteins

• Three major types of interferons are:

• Alpha– produced by leukocytes and attract/stimulate NK cells

• Beta– secreted by fibroblasts causing slow inflammation

• Gamma – secreted by T cells and NK cells stimulate macrophage activity


Figure 22.10 Nonspecific Defenses(Part 5 - Complement System)


Figure 22.13 Inflammation

Figure 22.13


Figure 22.10 Nonspecific Defenses(Part 7 - Fever)


Figure 22.14 Types of Immunity

Figure 22.14


Properties of immunity

• Specificity – activated by and responds to a specific antigen

• Versatility – is ready to confront any antigen at any time

• Memory – “remembers” any antigen it has encountered

• Tolerance – responds to foreign substances but ignores normal tissues


The immune system response

• Antigen triggers an immune response

• Activates T cells and B cells

• T cells are activated after phagocytes exposed to antigen

• T cells attack the antigen and stimulate B cells

• Activated B cells mature and produce antibody

• Antibody attacks antigen


Figure 22.15 An Overview of the Immune Response


Major types of T cells

• Cytotoxic T cells (TC) – attack foreign cells

• Helper T cells (TH) – activate other T cells and B cells

• Suppressor T cells (TS) – inhibit the activation of T and B cells


Figure 22.16 Antigens and MHC Proteins

Figure 22.16


Figure 22.16 Antigens and MHC Proteins

Figure 22.16b


Figure 22.17 Antigen Recognition and the Activation of Cytotoxic T Cells


Figure 22.17 Antigen Recognition and the Activation of Cytotoxic T Cells

Animation: Cytotoxic T Cell ActivationPLAY


Figure 22.18 Antigen Recognition and Activation of Helper T cells

Animation: Antigen Recognition and Helper T Cell ActivationPLAY


Figure 22.19 A Summary of the Pathways of T Cell Activation


Figure 22.20 The Sensitization and Activation of B Cells

Animation: B Cells and Antibody ProductionPLAY


Figure 22.21 Antibody Structure

Figure 22.21



Figure 22.21a



Figure 22.21b-d


Actions of antibodies include:

• Neutralization

• Agglutination and precipitation

• Activation of complement

• Attraction of phagocytes

• Opsinization

• Stimulation of inflammation

• Prevention of adhesion


Figure 22.22 The Primary and Secondary Immune Responses


Figure 22.23 An Integrated Summary of the Immune Response

AS lymphaticsimmunity colstons notes

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