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Lecture outlines

Different species of fleasStructure of the fleas

Adult (Head, Neck, abdomen)Mouth part of a flea and feeding Mechanism

Eggs LarvaPupa

Behaviour and Ecology Life cyclePathogenesisVector Importance Transmission of Yersinia pestitis from rat to humanPublic Health Significance Diagnosis Treatment, prevention and control

Fleas

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Family. Species (Vector) Common Name HostPulicidae Ctenocephalides canis Dog flea Dog & cat

Ct .felis Cat flea Cat & dog

Pulex irritants Human flea Man( Dog, cat, swine)Xenopsylla cheopis Oriental rat flea, Tropical rat flea Human, Rodent, cats

Xenopsylla asiatica

Xenopsylla braziliensis

Xenopsylla bantorum

Echidnophoga gallinacea Stick tight flea of bird/Burrowing Flea

Bird (Comb, wattles), Dog, Man

Tunga penetrans Jigger flea of human /sand flea /Chigoe flea /Burrowing

Man (pig)

Spilopsyllus cuniculi Rabbit flea Rabbit (ear), Dog and Cat (Ear/pinna)

Ceratophyllidae Ceratophyllus gallinae Commonest poultry Flea / European Hen flea

Poultry, (Man, Pet animal)

Ceratophyllus niger Western Chicken flea Chicken

Nosopsyllus faciatus Nothern Rat flea Rodent (Man and other animal).

Leptopsyllidae Leptopsylla segnis European mouse/House mouse flea

Ctenophthalmidae Stenoponia tripectinata

Order: Siphonaptera (Flea)

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Structure of a Flea

Adult

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Stylets/fascicle=Two maxillary laciniae + Labrum epipharynx

Apyrase??

Cibrarial PumpPharyngeal pump

Feeding Mechanism Solenophages??

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Eggs LarvaHatching spine,

Mandibular silk gland

Flea dirt

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Cocoon helps to camouflage it

Pupa

Exarate/True pupa

Head tubercle

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Behaviour and Ecology

Life cycle

Flea Pyramid

Holometabola

PPP: 30-75 days (optimum tem….upto 2 years (hot tem)

What about the L/C of burrowing flea?????

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Pathogenesis (In pets) Anaemia and Flea dirt

Flea Allergy Dermatitis (FAD)

T penetrans on dog snout

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In PoultryNeosomy

Long barbed mouth part, aid in attachment

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Vector Importance

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Transmission of Yersinia pestis from Rat to Human

Blockage ProventiculusPlague bacilli partial blockage

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Tungiasis

Public Health Significance

Purpura pulicosa

Roseola pulicosa

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Public Health Significance Annoying bite (Purpuria pulicosa and Roseola pulicosa) DiscomfortDermatitis/Allergic reactionPainful lesion of skin, feet, toe (Tunga penetrans/burrowing flea)I/H of tape worm Different disease

Plague ( urban plague, rural/sylvatic wild rodent plague/la peste/Black death

Murine Typhus (Rickettsia typhi) Tungiasis

Diagnosis

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Laboratory Confirmation/ Species Identification

No comb/ctenidia with Genal and Pronatal comb

Spinopsyllus

Echidnophaga

Pulex

Xenopsylla

Ct. canis

Ct. felis

Nosopsyllus fasciatus

Ceratophyllus

With Pronatal comb only

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Treatment, Prevention and Control

Insecticide/Pulicidess

Pulicidal Shampooing Flea repellent Flea collar

Dust bath in Poultry

Pour on

Cleaning (Flea Hot spot)

Chemical used to kill fleas called Pulicides

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Prepared by DR. Md. Abdul AlimAssistant Professor

Department of Pathology and Parasitolgy, CVASUPhD fellow, James Cook University, Australia

References1. D.S., Kettle (2000). Medical and Veterinary Entomology, CAB International,2nd

edi,pp…2. G.M.Urqhart., J.Armour., J.L.Duncan., F.W. Jennings., (1966). Veterinary

Parasitology, Black well Science Ltd.,2nd edi.pp:3. D.D.Bowman (2009). Georgis’ Parasitology For Veterinarians, WB Saunders

Company, 9th edi.pp….

THANKS