engAsArt2019.read.me

art guide

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engAsArt2019.read.me

art piece map

engAsArt

engAsArt2019.read.me

Contents

AERO: Nature’s Helicopter (1)Destructive beauty (2)

BSEN: 3D printed scale bathymetric survey of Lake Ogletree (3)Water Filter Cap and Insert (4)Fidget Spinner (5)Microcosmos (6)Substrata of Desire (7)Collective Action (8)

CHEN: Red Hot Aluminum Foil Ball (9)CIVL: Paluxy Sandstone (10)ECE: Design of Microdevices (11)

Nonlinear Transistor PCB (12)INSY: TSP Art (13)MATL: Dancing with Superparamagnetic Fe Oxide Nanoparticles (14)

The Mxene Turtle Under the Sea (15)Nano Nemo Mxene (16)Nano Lord Voldemort Mxene (17)

MECH: Mythic STEAM (18)4th Iteration Menger Sponge and Inverse (19)Modal Constructs (20)Musical Nano Surfaces (21)1088 hours (22)

1

Title: Nature’s Helicopter Department: Aerospace Engineering Artists: Catherine Saab Description: A wing tip vortices forms as part of an experiment to observe airflow over a samara seed (helicopter seed). The aerodynamic phenomena illustrated in this image is vital to samara reproduction, but often goes unobserved by the naked eye. These underlying aerodynamics concepts drive airplanes and helicopters. Method: The visualization of this phenomenon was made possible by funneling smoke through a glass bottle and twirling the seed through a region of laminar flow.

2

Title: Destructive beauty Department: Aerospace Engineering Artists: Paul Kovacic Description: Acoustic wave motion in rocket engines is visually compelling but can be disastrous if left unchecked. By utilizing modern computing power, engineers can model this motion before a rocket engine is built, saving significant time and money in the process of creating a safe rocket engine. Method: Computer simulation.

3

Title: 3D printed scale bathymetric survey of Lake Ogletree, Auburn, AL Department: Biosystems Engineering Artists: Jonathan Davis, Joshua Whiting, Carson Edge Description: Representing topography accurately using 3D printing technology provides a visual, scalable, and accurate way to envision the earth’s surface. With the increase in 3D printing speed, size, and material variety, it is now feasible to utilize this technology to create scaled versions of actual topographic data. This particular piece was created for the City of Auburn, AL Watershed Management department. It was made from an actual bathymetric survey collected of Lake Ogletree to help determine areas of the lake where sediment deposition may be causing problems and need removal. Method: This piece was developed in QGIS, Blender, Fusion360 software and printed on a 3D printer Materials: Fusion deposited polylactic acid (PLA)

4

Title: Water Filter Cap and Insert Department: Biosystems Engineering Artists: Justin Box, Carey Clark, Chase Roberts, Hannah Langlois, William Matherne Description: This design for a 3D-printed filter cap contains a frit to hold granular filter material used for water purification. The filter cap was designed and constructed as part of an engineering design project in Engineering Methods for Biological Systems. Method: This piece was developed in Fusion360 software. Materials: Paper and ink

5

Title: Fidget Spinner Department: Biosystems Engineering Artists: Justin Box, Carey Clark, Chase Roberts, Hannah Langlois, William Matherne Description: Design schematics and specifications for the fabrication of a 3D printed fidget spinner. The fidget spinner was designed and constructed as part of an engineering design project in Engineering Methods for Biological Systems. Method: This piece was developed in Fusion360 software. Materials: Paper and ink

6

Title: Microcosmos Departments: Biosystems Engineering Department1, Chemical Engineering Department2, Industrial and Systems Engineering Department3

Artists: Zahra Karimi2, David Blersch1, Gabriel Proano Pena3, Andres Carrano3 Description: Biofilters are designed environments for bacteria biofilms that can remediate wastewater problems. The artificial media in biofilters provides scaffolding for biofilm to colonize, and the performance of the biofilter is related to the surface area and topographic characteristics of the media. We designed and developed new artificial media for biofilters using first principles, adopting a gyroid shape, a theoretical surface defined solely by trigonometric funtctions in three dimensions. This shape is easily scalable by shifting parameters in the functional equation, resulting in a reticulated repeated surface pattern with a high surface area per unit volume. Surface shapes were designed in CAD programs, and produced in acrylic polymer using polyjet 3D printing. Testing of these gyroid media in laboratory biofilters showed significant perfomance increases in treatment of high nitrogen wastewtaer, with significant biofilm colonization throughout the entire surface area. Method: Model surfaces were generated in CAD using a gyroid function, and scaled parametrically. Models of different scales were printed in acrylate polymer using polyjet 3D printing techniques. Numerous models of different scaling factors were used in repeated experiments in laboratory biofilters for nitrification. Materials: Acrylate polymer, silicone adhesive, wood, steel wire.

7

Title: Substrata of Desire Departments: Biosystems Engineering Department1, Chemical Engineering Department2, Industrial and Systems Engineering Department3 Artists: Ana Gabriela Itokazu1, David Blersch1, Kamran Kardel3, Andres Carrano3, Virginia Davis2 Description: Algae cultivation on surfaces promises to revolutionize biomass production, carbon and nutrient sequestration, and water remediation. Surface engineering can enhance colonization and productivity of algae. Surfaces were designed optimizing the settlement of colonizing algae for use in reactor processes to enhance water remediation. These are test tiles used for experimentation to investigate the relationship between algae species and colonization ecology. Algae was colonized on these surfaces in different wastewater streams, and differences in algal colonization patterns as a result of different surface textures were observed. Method: Model surfaces were designed in CAD using a repeating hemisphere pattern of different scales. Models were printed in polymer using polyjet 3D printing techniques; these models were used as impression molds to manufacture replicate tile surfaces from ceramic clay, which were fired and hardened in a kiln. Tiles were used in laboratory floway reactors for algae colonization experiments. Materials: Ceramic on mounting board, silicone adhesive

8

Title: Collective Action Departments: Biosystems Engineering Department1, Industrial and Systems Engineering Department2 Artists: Meizhu Liu1, David Blersch1, Gabriel Proano Pena2, Andres Carrano2 Description: Biofilters are designed reactor environments that allow bacteria biofilms to grow to remediate wastewater problems. Mixed bed bioreactors use artificial media in suspension at a high rate of mixing to increase performance of the remediation processes. The high turbulent environment reduces transport limitiations, and stimulates biological productivity that resutlts in increased performance at the reactor level. This biofilter contains multiple types of artificial media for bacterial biofilm colonization. The media types have different surface area, material surface, and buoyancy characteristics, resulting in different patterns of suspension, fluid flow, and biofilm colonization. The result is a turbulent pattern of suspended media that ultimately can produce high rates of performance in water treatment. Method: Model surfacess were generated in CAD using a gyroid function, and scaled parametrically. Models of different scales were printed in acrylate polymer using polyjet 3D printing techniques. Numerous models of different scaling factors were used as media in a biofilter container, and kept in suspension with air and water motion. Materials: Mixed media, including glass container, acrylate polymer media, acrylic tube from air pump,water.

9

Title: Red Hot Aluminum Foil Ball Department: Chemical Engineering Artists: Farshad Feyzbar, Ehsan Hassani, and Tae-Sik Oh Description: This is a video clip showing levitation melting, a technique that is often used to make high purity alloys. Method: Video recorded by a cell phone camera Materials: Aluminum foil

10

Title: Paluxy Sandstone Department: Civil Engineering Artists: Parker Satterfield, Lauren Beckingham Description: Currently, mineral identification in geologic samples can only be achieved with 2D Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) imaging. X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) mineral identification would provide mineral identification in 3D images, where SEM can only provide this information on 2D slices. By using both of these imaging techniques on the same sample, it is possible to identify minerals in the CT image using a mineral map from an SEM image as a training image. Using a trainable image segmentation program, such as ImageJ’s Weka Segmentation, a pixel-based classifier can be written based on the identified mineral map for the thin section of the sample. Using the same classifier on the area near where the thin section was taken, minerals can be accurately classified in the CT image. While the Trainable Weka Segmentation plugin can result in pixel-scale classification errors, a Matlab code has been developed to analyze grain phases of the sample to reduce these errors. After this process is complete on a set of CT slices, the mineral identified CT images can be stacked and viewed in 3D. The images shown in this submission are manually altered results from the Weka Segmentation step of this process. Method: This submission shows one slice of a CT image that was put through a series of processing steps, most evidently, ImageJ Weka Segmentation. Weka segmentation is a machine learning, pixel-based segmentation program that was used to assign pixels in mineral phases their own class. This program assigns vivid colors to each class created in which the user has no control over. This gave Dr. Beckingham and I the idea to manually alter the colors in an pop art-style fashion. Materials: Computer image processing of a 3D X-ray CT image using ImageJ

11

Title: Design of Microdevices Department: Electrical and Computer Engineering Artist: Jason Clark Description: Physics at the micrometer-scale is different. Forces that are important at the meter scale become insignificant at the micrometer scale, and vice versa. For instance, if you shrink something down from the meter scale to the micrometer scale, its mass will decrease by a quintillion, its flexibility will decrease by a million, and the large gravitational forces will become insignificant while miniscule electrostatic forces will become dominant. Method: So when you design micrometer devices, it’s not intuitive, and you have to think differently. What helps you predict the outcomes of your new design is CAD (computer-aided design). CAD is like a virtual laboratory, that allows you to quickly test your ideas before investing in the time and cost to make it. Because the physics is different, the designs often look very ususual or artistic. The colors used in CAD are also artistic and interesting. The colors tell you about the distribution of displacement, temperature, pressure, forces, field strength, etc. Materials: This CAD tool was made using the Matlab programming language.

12

Title: Nonlinear Transistor PCB Department: Electrical and Computer Engineering Artists: Keaton Rhea, Robert Dean, Edmon Perkins Description: This custom PCB of a bi-polar junction transistor is a nonlinear circuit. This relatively simple nonlinear circuit can exhibit chaos, which can be exploited to create a random number generator or a chaotic communications device. Pictured is the top and bottom copper layer. Method: Designed using KiCad, and manufactured by OSH Park. Materials: FR4 and copper

13

Title: TSP Art Department: Industrial and Systems Artists: Daniel Silva, Alexander Vinel Description: The image above is an example of TSP Art. TSP Art is a halftoning technique, where a series of clever algorithms are applied to a grey-scale image in order to reproduce it as a single continuous line. Computational tools used (Voronoi diagram for stippling and Travelling Salesman Problem for creating the result) are both widely used operation research algorithms with applications in numerous fields of engineering and science. Method: First a Weighted Voronoi Stippling is performed on a regular image. The piece is a heuristic solution to the Travelling Salesman problem over the stippled image. Materials: paper, ink

14

Title: Dancing with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Department: Materials Engineering Artists: Yuxin Cai, Pengyu Chen Description: Magnetic nanofluid is a fluid that is attracted to a magnet, just like iron. In this piece of work, we fabricate the magnetic nanofluid containing three main constituents: superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticle, a surfactant, and a base liquid such as water or oil. The surfactant coats the nanoparticles, each of which has a diameter of about tens of nanometers (ten millionths of a millimeter). This prevents coagulation and keeps the particles evenly dispersed throughout the base liquid. Its dispersibility remains stable in strong magnetic fields. This photo shows a phenomenon that occurs when magnetic nanofluid is placed in a container and a magnet is placed near the container. The magnetic force acting on the surface of the magnetic nanofluid produces “spikes”, which look like large nails sticking out of the surface. Therefore, this phenomenon is called “spiking”. Method: Video clip to capture the motion and “spiking” of Fe3O4 nanoparticles and how they dance with the music. Materials: Fe3O4 nanoparticle, surfactant, and oil

15

Title: The MXene Turtle Under the Sea Department: Materials Engineering Artists: Armin VahidMohammadi and Majid Beidaghi Description: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of a two-dimensional (2D) V2CTx MXene particle showing similarities to the head of an imaginary giant turtle under the sea. V2CTx is synthesized by selective etching of Al atoms from V2AlC MAX phase and is a promising electrode material for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and batteries. The SEM image was taken using a JEOL JSM-7000F Scanning Electron Microscope, and fake colors were added using computer software without manipulation of the original image. Method: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Fake colors are added using a computer software. Materials: Two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide

16

Title: Nano Nemo MXene Department: Materials Engineering Artists: Armin VahidMohammadi and Majid Beidaghi Description: The nano-sized layers of Ti2C particle representing the imaginary Nemo character in Pixar’s animation, Finding Nemo, which depicts an illusion of its reflection in the water. Ti2C is synthesized by selective etching of Al atoms from Ti2AlC MAX phase and is a promising electrode material for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and batteries. The SEM image was taken using JEOL JSM-7000F Scanning Electron Microscope and was colored and visualized using a computer software without any manipulation of the original image. Method: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Fake colors are added using a computer software. Materials: Two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide

17

Title: Nano Lord Voldemort MXene Department: Materials Engineering Artists: Armin VahidMohammadi and Majid Beidaghi Description: Colored SEM image of the layered Ti2C MXene showing similarities to the face of Lord Voldemort, a character in Harry Potter movie series. Ti2C is synthesized by selective etching of Al atoms from Ti2AlC MAX phase and is a promising electrode material for energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and batteries. The SEM image was taken using JEOL JSM-7000F Scanning Electron Microscope and was colored and visualized using a computer software without any manipulation of the original image Method: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Fake colors are added using a computer software. Materials: Two-dimensional (2D) titanium carbide

18

Title: Mythic STEAM Department: Mechanical Engineering Artist: Edmon Perkins Description: STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) are inextricably connected. This piece is displayed as an example of this fact. This Pan troglodytes skull was studied by anthropologists at Duke University, before being scanned with a computed tomography (CT) scan. This scan was then uploaded to an online repository in .ply format, which is a way of storing a mathematical surface in a compact form. This digital repository allows biologists, anthropologists, biomechanicists, artists, and other interested parties to quickly access this data. Method: After downloading this data, the .ply file was modified using conventional computer-aided design (CAD) software to include additional, non-natural geometry. This data was then physically realized with a stereolithographic 3D printer, which uses specially designed photochemicals. These liquid photochemicals transition to a solid state when the printer selectively illuminates a portion of the material. The thin pillars beneath the skull are support material from the printing process. Materials: Formlabs Tough resin

19

Title: 4th Iteration Menger Sponge and Inverse Department: Mechanical Engineering Artists: ME3D Laboratory: Zane Oligee, Amanda Sterling, Brian Torries; Faculty Sponsor: Jordan Roberts Description: A Menger Sponge is a fractal where the unit cell is an evenly divided cube with the center cut away through each face. As the unit cell is infinitely iterated, the volume of the Menger sponge approaches zero while the surface area approaches infinity. The Inverse Menger Sponge displays the material that would be removed in this process. Many fractals, including the Menger Sponge and inverse, are extremely difficult or altogether impossible to manufacture through traditional means. The 4th Iteration Menger Sponge and Inverse form on display is a testament to the powerful design and fabrication capabilities of 3D printing.

Additive manufacturing allows for the freeform fabrication of parts via direct deposition of build material. This method for depositing material ensures that material is placed only where it is needed. For certain polymer 3D printers, it is possible to use a dissolvable support material in conjunction with the normal material deposition head, allowing for internal and overhung geometries to be created without parts collapsing. This capability provides the freedom to optimize part topography and to “lightweight” the parts. The Menger Sponge represents light-weighting and topography optimization taken to the extreme.

Additive technology is a multidisciplinary artform--the very heart of the Mechanical Engineering discipline. Method: Solid Modeling, and Additive Manufacturing Materials: ABS Plastic (primary), PVA Plastic (during production)

20

Title: Modal Constructs Department: Mechanical Engineering Artists: Morgan Price, Jake Larson, Edmon Perkins Description: Strings are one of the oldest mechanical systems studied by humans, with Pythagoras studying stringed instruments approximately 2500 years ago. They are the sounding agent in many musical instruments, and they are the mechanical component of many important physical systems (e.g., cilia, flagella, drill strings, and electrical cables). However, until recently, it has been difficult to visualize string vibrations, since their natural frequencies are typically much higher than the “data acquisition rate” of the human eye. In this video, a simple string pluck shows complex vibrations, as traveling waves propagate through the string. Method: A high-speed camera was used to record the vibrations of a string. A mirror in the background was used to see the string at another angle. MATLAB was then used to post-process the video, and a spline fit was used to mathematically capture the string’s shape. Materials: Piano string, high-speed camera, MATLAB

21

Title: Musical Nano Surfaces Department: Mechanical Engineering Artists: Robert L. Jackson, Edmon Perkins Description: Although an older technology, vinyl music records are examples of early nanotechnology. The grooves on the surface are approximately 50 micrometers wide (about the diameter of a human hair), and the sound is recorded by the groove geometry down to nanometer resolution. This 3D printed groove from a 45 record single by The Temptations has been magnified approximately 200 times. These grooves only contain about 2 milliseconds of sound. At this scale, the nanoscale detail of the stuctures is still only barely visible by the human eye. Engineers use similar rough surface analysis to design and examine the surfaces of such items as engines, gears, bearings, artificial joints, electronics, computer hard-drives, and electrical connectors. Method: An Olympus OLS5000 Laser Confocal Microscope was used to measure the surface geometry down to the nanoscale. A Markforged Mark Two 3D Printer was used to fabricate the magnified surface. Thanks to 10,000 Hz Records in Opelika, AL for helping to locate the sample as well. Materials: 3D Printed Nylon and Chopped Carbon Fibers.

22

Title: 1088 hours Department: Mechanical Engineering Artists: Tyler Toner, Max Garton, Edmon Perkins Description: To provide Auburn mechanical engineers the hands-on experience necessary to appreciate and effectively design for the manufacturing process, students fabricate a part from two pieces of aluminum within tolerances as small as one one-thousandth of an inch as a final project in the Design and Manufacturing Lab (MECH 3210). This piece incorporates seventeen volunteered DML projects from MECH students. The tight arrangement symbolizes the proximity in which students work and the comraderie they develop during this lengthy process, averaging approximately 64 hours per workpiece. The DML project is a rite of passage for all mechanical engineering students, thus each workpiece represents one part of the journey of a future Auburn engineer. Method: The method consisted of five steps. First, the boards were cut to length, with the hypotenuse board being mitered with 45° cuts. Next, all boards were pre-drilled to attach the workpieces, using the 1/4” – 20 UNC tapped hole (the bottom board was countersunk, so the bolts were flush). The third step included sanding and staining the boards. Fourth, the wood was assembled into a triangular form and nailed together. Finally, the DML workpieces were bolted into place. Materials: 1”x4” wooden board, 17 DML workpieces, SolidWorks CAD drawing (below)