Art Appreciation, Principles of Art: Unity, Variety, Balance, Scale, & Proportion
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Transcript of Art Appreciation, Principles of Art: Unity, Variety, Balance, Scale, & Proportion
Art Appreciation
Professor Paige PraterT, R, 9:30-10:50AM
10 ELEMENTS of Art:
1. Color 2. Form 3. Line4. Mass5. Shape6. Space7. Texture8. Time/Motion9. Value10. Volume
10 PRINCIPLES of Art:1. Unity 2. Variety3. Balance4. Emphasis5. Focal Point6. Pattern7. Proportion8. Rhythm9. Scale10. Contrast
Unity: order, wholeness, harmony in a design
• Compositional – overall design• Conceptual – idea behind the work• Gestalt – ALL aspects ordered
VSMONOTONY or
CHAOS
UnityKatsushika Hokusai, “The Great Wave off Shore at Kanagawa,” from Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji, 1826–33 (printed later). Print, color woodcut. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Unity: 3 examples of COMPOSITIONAL unity
Unity: Conceptual
Romare Bearden, The Dove, 1964. Cut-and-pasted printed papers, gouache, pencil, and colored pencil on board, 13⅜ x 18¾”. MOMA, New York
Unity: Gestalt
• Whole greater than sum of its parts…concept, composition, creation…
Vishnu Dreaming the Universe, c. 450–500 CE. Relief panel. Temple of Vishnu, Deogarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
Variety: visual diversity in one composition
• Ideas• Elements: shapes, values• materials
Variety: materials
Robert Rauschenberg, Monogram, 1955–9. Mixed media with taxidermy goat, rubber tire, and tennis ball, 42 x 63¼ x 64½”.Moderna Museet, Stockholm, Sweden
Balance: distribution of elements (unified or varied) within a work
• Symmetrical• Asymmetrical• Radial
Balance: Symmetrical
Ritual container from Gui, China, Shang Dynasty, 1600–1100 BCE. Bronze, 6¼ x 10¾”. University of Hong Kong Museum
Balance: Asymmetrical
Muqi, Six Persimmons, Southern Song Dynasty, c. 1250. Ryoko-in, Dailoxu-ji, Kyoto, Japan
• Uneven distribution of value and shape
• Visual“heaviness” of theright side counteracted by placing one shape lower on the left
Balance: Radial
• Equidistance from a single point
Amitayas mandala created by the monks of Drepung Loseling Monastery, Tibet
Rehash
• Unity, variety, and balance are central principlesthat artists use to create visual impact
• Unity gives a work a certain oneness or cohesion• Variety is expressed in contrast and difference• Created by the use of different kinds of lines,
shapes, patterns, colors, or textures• Balance is imposed on a work when the artist
achieves an appropriate combination of unity and variety
SCALE
• relative to our own size– MONUMENTAL– HUMAN SCALE– SMALL SIZE
Scale: MONUMENTAL
Scale: HUMAN SCALE
Damien Hirst, Mother and Child (Divided), 1993
Scale: SMALL SIZE
http://m.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/08/revealed-a-book-the-size-of-a-ladybug/278427/
SCALE: Unexpected…
Dorothea Tanning, Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, 1943. Oil on canvas, 16⅛ x 24”. Tate, London
PROPORTION:
• Relationships between sizes of parts• Aids expression and description (and
NATURALISM)• Egypt• Greece>Rome>Renaissance
– Golden Section– Golden Mean– Fibonacci Sequence
Proportion: Egyptian cubit
Proportion: Golden Section, etc.
Proportion: Greece
Poseidon (or Zeus), c. 460–450 BCE. Bronze, 6’10½” high. National Archaeological Museum, Athens, Greece
Proportion: Golden Rectangle
• Golden Rectangles is a technique based on nesting inside each other a succession of rectangles based on the 1:1.618 proportions of the Golden Section
• The shorter side of the outer rectangle becomes the longer side of the smaller rectangle inside it, and so on
• =elegant spiral shape
Proportion: Golden Rectangle
Proportion: Golden Rectangle
Henry Peach Robinson, Fading Away, 1858. Combination albumen print.
Proportion: Golden Rectangle
Proportion: Renaissance
Proportion: School of Athens
• Raphael’s sensitivity to proportion reflects his pursuit of perfection
• Magnificent scale = sense of importance• Parts of each figure are harmonious in relation
to each other and portray an idealized form• Double emphasis on the center brings our
attention to the opposing gestures of two famous Greek philosophers, Plato and Aristotle