ARSITEKTUR DAN ORGANISASI KOMPUTERlecturer.ukdw.ac.id/~mahas/dossier/arkom_01.pdfARSITEKTUR DAN...
Transcript of ARSITEKTUR DAN ORGANISASI KOMPUTERlecturer.ukdw.ac.id/~mahas/dossier/arkom_01.pdfARSITEKTUR DAN...
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ARSITEKTUR DAN ORGANISASI KOMPUTER
Aditya Wikan [email protected]
UNIV KRISTEN DUTA WACANA – GENAP 1213
1
Sejarah Singkat Komputer
Bus Sistem
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What was computer likein the past days?in the past days?
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Compute!
Compute!Compute!Compute!
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The Pascaline (1642)Invented by Blaise Pascal at age 19
Only supports
addition (+)
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Using the same principles of
modern odometer
Leibniz Stepped Reckoner: + - x /
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Hollerith Desk (1890)
Invented by Herman Hollerith
For the 1890 US census
Uses punched cards to
represent input
numbers
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Punched card idea?Joseph Marie Jacquard’s power loom (1801)
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Raw data input
NUMBERSto calculate
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THE POWER LOOM
Draw something
using matricesThe possibility
to enter input
sequences
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THE POWER LOOM
Rasterisation
(pixels)Programs
an Evolution
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Dawn of
The DinosaursThe Dinosaurs
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The Harvard Mark I (1944)Built by Harvard and IBM
Electro-mechanical computer
5 bhp
5 tons
500 miles of wire
23-digit number
+ - : 0.3 seconds
× : 4 seconds
÷: 10 seconds
Got the first bug
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iki bug-e
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The Giants
IBM Stretch (1959)
ENIAC (1946)
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The Giants
Sequential input
PROGRAMSto compute
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The Modern Ones
UNIVAC 1232 (1960)
DEC PDP-12 (1969)
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The Modern Ones
Further advance in
INPUT/OUTPUTand the need of
STORAGE
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Main model for today’s computers
architecture and organisation
The IBM PC (1981)
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Computer’s evolution
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Shall we begin with
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What is a bus?What is a bus?
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A bus is:
Any connecting lines between two or more
devices, used as a communication pathway
It is broadcast in function; can be used by anyone
connected to itconnected to it
Does not interfere with power lines
One bus line can only carry a single bit of data at
one time
One bus can only used by a single component at
one time
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A bus is:
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What does a bus look like?What does a bus look like?
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Is a bunch of BUSWAYS
Motherboard
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A bus line can only carry a single bit each time
So, how to deal with speed?
Computer uses clock to administer itself
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A bus line can only carry a single bit each time
Computer uses clock to administer itself
Choice to
speed up the bus:
Widen the bus lines
e.g one clock tick = 1 second
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A bus line can only carry a single bit each time
Computer uses clock to administer itself
Choice to
speed up the bus:
Set the clock fasterraise the frequency (MHz)
e.g one clock tick = 1/4 second
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Is there any difference of speed
between components
connected to a bus?
Yes, and there will always be.
So?
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Use multiple buses, each to serve an array of
components of the (nearly) same speed
Connect different buses with a bridge or a controller
interface, to synchronize the speed and data
transmission
Traditional ISA
Bus topology
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Our computer’s
Bus topology
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Bus Line Types:
Data Line
Digunakan untuk mengirim data (numerik/biner)
Address LineAddress Line
Digunakan untuk mengirim alamat komponen tujuan
(memory/register/input-output/periferal lainnya)
Control Line
Digunakan untuk mengirim data instruksi kepada
alamat ybs; baca data, tuliskan data, interrupt,
program clock atau instruksi hardware
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Bus Line Usage Types:
Dedicated
Tiap tipe line digunakan untuk mengirim data hanya
sesuai tipenya
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Bus Line Usage Types:
Multiplexed
Hanya ada satu jenis line yang digunakan untuk
mengirim berbagai jenis data
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Bus Line Usage Types:
Multiplexed
Hanya ada satu jenis line yang digunakan untuk
mengirim berbagai jenis data
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How to deal with turns?
Centralised
A component who wants to use bus, report to the
controller (used to be in CPU, now in
motherboard), and get a queue number to use the
busbus
Distributed
The controller is embedded in each component,
so if a component wants to use bus, its controller
reads the bus’ status. If the bus is ready and idle, it
claims the turn, and the component uses the bus.
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What did each component sends & receives?
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Memory
• Receives and sends data
• Receives addresses (of locations)
• Receives control signals
– Read– Read
– Write
– Timing
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Input / Output
• Output
– Receive data from computer
– Send data to peripheral
• Input• Input
– Receive data from peripheral
– Send data to computer
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Input / Output
• Receive control signals from computer
• Send control signals to peripherals
– e.g. spin disk
• Receive addresses from computer• Receive addresses from computer
– e.g. port number to identify peripheral
• Send interrupt signals (control)
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CPU / Processor
• Reads instruction and data
• Writes out data (after processing)
• Sends control signals to other units
• Receives (& acts on) interrupts• Receives (& acts on) interrupts
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• Topik Berikutnya: Modul Input-Output
Demikian Materi Hari Ini