Architecture is a prescription - Che-Wei Yeh

“ARCHITECTURE IS A PRESCRIPTION”

A collection of works by CHE-WEI YEH, 2005~2012

“In my perspective, architecture is not just a building block of a city. Architecture is a methodology by which to analyze the complexity of city.”

The interrelation between architecture and a city becomes much more complex when a city expands to a metropolis, and this complexity turns a city into an "indecipherable" monster.

In cities, architecture becomes a device with specific functions.

However, during the era of hyper-development, architecture is no longer just a machine for living. Rapid population growth has caused unprecedented urbanization. In cities, buildings are overlapping with each other closely. In a larger scale, to cities, architecture not only plays the role of a living machine, but it also plays additional functional roles. For example, the role of direction, the role of decoration and the role of connection.

Architecture is a crystall ized unit of human imagination; it is a carrier of demands. Because of this characteristic, for a long time people have thought of it as a machine for living.

Architecture is a prescription.

People build for no reason; it's a general "symptom" of modern cities.

In my perspective, architecture is not just a building block of a city. Architecture is a methodology by which to analyze the complexity of city; it should be considered as a "prescription" of resolving a modern city's "symptoms." Like a prescription from a doctor, it should contain the following features:

1 . Objective

Issues for cities are no longer simple; a single phenomenon consists of complex reasons. Fully realizing the problem then defining a clear strategy is the only way to avoid losing focus on design.

Instead of sticking to traditional architectural concepts, the strategies of architectural design should combine every possibil ity, even if they are not common.

Architecture should be evaluated after construction, to ensure the design is effective.

However, people still construct buildings they aren't really in need of, and convince themselves to believe new buildings are needed. This phenomenon directly leads to modern cities composed of irrational and ridiculous collages, such as nostalgia-creating monuments, capitalism-symbolizing skyscrapers and theme park museums.

Consequently, the indecipherable features make it difficult to analyze the city in which they live; for most people, they even refuse to analyze, and in the end people start to doubt the purpose of construction.

CHE-WEI YEHB.Arch. TKU, 2005~2010

The modern city is a complicated compound; we can't comprehend it through past experience. In order to approach the truth, creating and studying large databases is the key.

2. Precision

3. Experimentation

4. Verifiabil ity

“OBJECTIVE”

“PRECISION”

“EXPERIMENTATION”

“VERIFIABILITY”

Contents

CV + ACKNOWLEDGMENT

ESSAY

STEP 5STEP 5

GUIDE TO DENSITYA study of density and its effects

p. 06

LINEAR CITYAn urban design project in Dhaka City

p. 28

FRACTAL SPACEArchitecture generated by iteration

p. 44

WOVEN SKINPenetrative facade for a parking structure

p. 56

Architecture is a prescription

p. 01

p. 64

(Award of TamKang University outstanding thesis design)

(Construction completed in November 2012)

“OBJECTIVE”

“The modern city is a complicated compound; we can't comprehend it through past experience.

In order to approach the truth, creating and studying large databases is the key.”

Abstract

The Guide to Density is a research which aims to find out the meaning of population density. It uses an objective method to construct a database that describes the characteristics of population density, then util izes this brand new database in many experimental ways.

GUIDE TO DENSITY

Population density has been an important indicator for people to use when comparing different cities; however, in the past few decades, cities have been mutating in their own ways. Many architects analyzing such a situation have tried to re-describe what population density is, for example, "Density is the amount of available space per person," according to Winy Maas in his publication, "FARMAX," and "The density of human beings is matched by the density of cars," Rem Koolhaas said in his architectural dictionary, "S, M, L, XL."

/ Data analysis and media works

/ Graduation thesis

A study of density and its effects

7

But these definitions are too conservative to give us a clear picture of population density; they are nothing more than "physical descriptions." Besides the fact that a city with higher population density must be more crowded than one with a lower density, we know nothing about density. In my imagination, every amount of population density has its meaning and characteristics. For example, a place with 1000 people per capita may be fit for media and communications, but not good for transportation.

The first part of research is methodology, via mathematics and statistics, which create an enormous database indicating different features in different population densities. These data were published in paperback format in 2009 winter. After they were published, I considered that there may be another positive way to use this information, and I came up with an idea, which is "The City Game."

The City Game is a simple interactive game which provides user various options; users can choose "develop" or "give up"; users could find out the optimal density for their idea city, and simultaneously, they could receive visual feedback rendered by parametric design software (Grasshopper, a Rhinoceros plug-in) . The game has been publicly demonstrated in many exhibitions, and also re-edited into a film called "The City Fiction" in spring 2010.

DESCRIPTION

/ 2010

Statistics method Scatter diagram

Y-axis

: Para

mete

r

X-axis: Population density

1 . First of all, set a coordinate system that consists of population density as the X-axis and parameter as the Y-axis. The parameter could be any-thing; for example, it could be the number of automobiles in a single hous-ehold. We just need to list them by population density in a coordinate system.

2. After parameter data inputted, locate the parameter with the Y-axis in the chart, and mark them as a scatter diagram.

Input Function

STEP 1 STEP 2

Regression curve with function Back to density

Optimum

Function: ax+bx+c

R=dPopulation density

Mathematics and statistics give us a way to establish relations from various parameters to population density. In this methodology, I use a regression curve to describe the trend of data, then use the concept of limits to evaluate the optimal amount of population density that fits to specific parameters. The parameters could be any, in this project; all parameter data sources were collected from Nation Master (nationmaster.com).

METHODOLOGY

3. From the scatter diagram, we could construct a regression curve. A re-gression curve is a tool to show the trend of data. It describes the disperse in an objective way. Most important of all, the curve also provides us a mathe-matic function at the same time.

4. Through the curve's function, we could calculate the maxima and minima of it. The maxima and minima could be traced back to the X-axis, which stands for population density. That means the X-coordinate of the maxima equals the best density to develop this specific parameter; on the other hand, the X-coordinate of the minima is the worst density for it.

Limit SOP

9STEP 3 STEP 4

Note:The method and MS Excel function(v_lookup) are collaborations with students who major in mathematics and statistics.

data arranging

Standard perating procedure

Open source databasePhase 1: Web data

STEP 5 / Phase 1~16

Note:During this project, I led a five-people group to use this standard operating procedure to arrange numerous data related to population density.

List by population densityPhase 10: Data Arrange

5. The database construction is massively time-consuming work; to deal with this problem, I developed a standard operating procedure. The SOP makes sure everybody can add on their favorite parameters in the future.

11

Phase 32: Regression analysis

/ Phase 17~32

Linear regression in MS ExcelPhase 23: Graphing

With optimum population density

1~4

INDEX

29~3213~16 17~20 21~24 25~285~8 9~12

Coordinate system calculation

6. In a coordinate system, curves are able to combine with each other, and this mathematical feature is the key to creating an index. This method is based on summation rules of statistics, they were integrated in MS Excel.

The city

Transportation

Media

Food

Energy

Global trading

Local commerce

Mathematical methods

Optimum A+BOptimum A Optimum B

Population density

There were 6 indexes created: Transportation, media, food, energy, local commerce and global commerce. Each of them contained over 20 related parameters, and they were also abbreviated into ETI, MMI, FSI, ESI, LCI and GCI, respectively.

STEP 6

Note:The mathematical operation in coordinate system could be applied in MS Excel, this operation is based on basic summation rules.

Guide to density

Vol. 3Commercial

Guide to density

Resources

Vol. 2

Category of city

In this project, I simply arranged them into 3 categories: Communication, resources, and commercial . In summation, they consist of more than 200 parameters. These data were published as the "Guide to Density" series. The first paperback was printed in winter 2009. Until the end of 2010, there were 3 episodes in this series: communication, resources, and commercial .

Guide to density

Vol. 1CommunicationTransportation index

Media max index

Food indexsupply

Energy system index

Global trading index

Local commercial index

Graphing

(21 items)

(35 items)

(15 items)

(24 items)

(106 items)

(24 items)

ETI

MMI

GTI

FSI

LCI

ESI

Transportation index

Media max index

Food indexsupply

Energy system index

Global trading index

Local commercial index

7. The category is classification of indexes. This category shows a minimalist model of a city. Because there are too many parameters in a real world, it is almost impossible to include all of them by myself.

After the SOP was developed, I tried to find a way to organize these data. There are too many different items in the database; in order to make it usable, the category and index system are important. For example, the index of trans-portation is a combination that includes every parameter relating to airplanes, cars and ships. Via this method, the database could be categorized in a systematic way.

DATABASE

STEP 713

Guide to Density in paperbacks

STEP 8 / Low density incl ination

Aus

tralia

Mon

golia

Nor

way

Falkland

New

Zea

land

Gre

enland

Finlan

dSwed

en

Niger

Chad

Iran

Guine

a

Bra

zil

Mex

ico

Iraq

Irelan

d

Ken

ya

Egyp

t

Qat

ar

Tur

key

Cuba

Aus

tria

Cost

a Rica

Den

mar

kCz

ech Rep

ublic

China

Niger

ia

Luxe

mbo

urg

Nep

al

Switze

rlan

d

Italy

Vietn

am

Phil ipp

ine

Unite

d Kingd

om

Sri L

anka

Japa

n

India

Isra

el

Sou

th K

orea

Pue

rto Rico

Taiwan

Han

g Kan

gSinga

pore

Mac

au

Vat

ican

City

Net

herlan

ds

Pak

ista

n

Haiti

Ban

glad

esh

Nor

th K

orea

Peak in mid density area = approx. 280 people/km2media efficiency density

Good density for global trading = approx. 210 people/km2

Bad density = approx. 180 people/km2transport

Worst ETI is 25~45 people/km2

Efficient media density = approx. 165 people/km2

Good transportation density in = approx. 15 people/km2 low density area

Max livestock nurturing = approx. 20 people/km2

Inefficient media density is 50~100 people/km2

ETI

MMI

ESI

FSI

LCI

GTI

PD

Good transportation density (low) = 15 p/km2

Bottom of worst media

Good density for live stock nurturing = 65 p/km2

Bad transportation density area from 25~45 p/km2 Bottom = 50 p/km2

Good media density (mid) = 280 p/km2

Low energy conserving density approx. 300 people/km2=

Low energy system = 280~320 p/km2

Population density

Limit density for peoplemedia development = approx. 525 /km2

Great density = approx. 430 /km2transport people

Best density in transportation = approx. 550 /km2people

Higher density = higher media abil ity

Limit density for great commercial development = 500 /km2people

ETI

MMI

ESI

FSI

GTI

LCI

PD

Bad transportation abil ity = 350 p/km2 Good transportation abil ity in 520~650 p/km2

Best communication = 750 p/km2density for

Best commercial density = 770 p/km2

High density = media efficiency

Note:This overlapping chart was originally presented in paperback format, and the book was published in 2010.

8. This diagram gives us another perspective on population density. Population density is no longer just a physical description. It is an important indicator to describe the characteristics of places. Through this chart, people can find the hidden meanings under different population densities.

15/ High density incl ination

Aus

tralia

Mon

golia

Nor

way

Falkland

New

Zea

land

Gre

enland

Finlan

dSwed

en

Niger

Chad

Iran

Guine

a

Bra

zil

Mex

ico

Iraq

Irelan

d

Ken

ya

Egyp

t

Qat

ar

Tur

key

Cuba

Aus

tria

Cost

a Rica

Den

mar

kCz

ech Rep

ublic

China

Niger

ia

Luxe

mbo

urg

Nep

al

Switze

rlan

d

Italy

Vietn

am

Phil ipp

ine

Unite

d Kingd

om

Sri L

anka

Japa

n

India

Isra

el

Sou

th K

orea

Pue

rto Rico

Taiwan

Han

g Kan

gSinga

pore

Mac

au

Vat

ican

City

Net

herlan

ds

Pak

ista

n

Haiti

Ban

glad

esh

Nor

th K

orea

Peak in mid density area = approx. 280 people/km2media efficiency density

Good density for global trading = approx. 210 people/km2

Bad density = approx. 180 people/km2transport

Worst ETI is 25~45 people/km2

Efficient media density = approx. 165 people/km2

Good transportation density in = approx. 15 people/km2 low density area

Max livestock nurturing = approx. 20 people/km2

Inefficient media density is 50~100 people/km2

ETI

MMI

ESI

FSI

LCI

GTI

PD

Good transportation density (low) = 15 p/km2

Bottom of worst media

Good density for live stock nurturing = 65 p/km2

Bad transportation density area from 25~45 p/km2 Bottom = 50 p/km2

Good media density (mid) = 280 p/km2

Low energy conserving density approx. 300 people/km2=

Low energy system = 280~320 p/km2

Population density

Limit density for peoplemedia development = approx. 525 /km2

Great density = approx. 430 /km2transport people

Best density in transportation = approx. 550 /km2people

Higher density = higher media abil ity

Limit density for great commercial development = 500 /km2people

ETI

MMI

ESI

FSI

GTI

LCI

PD

Bad transportation abil ity = 350 p/km2 Good transportation abil ity in 520~650 p/km2

Best communication = 750 p/km2density for

Best commercial density = 770 p/km2

High density = media efficiency

0.026 p/km2 (Greenland)

Density

18,428 p/km2 (Macau)7,280 p/km2 (Singapore)

Guide to density

Vol. 3Commercial

Guide to density

Resources

Vol. 2

Guide to density

Vol. 1Communication

We love games Chosen for optimal density

9. A book is not a good way to util ize the database, and checking up infor-mation from a dictionary is not attractive for people, so when I considered a positive way to use the database, I came up with a "game".

10. The game consists of several dichotomous selections, which allow a user to choose whether to take into account a parameter or not. There are 8 parameters that a user could select: Aircraft, roadway, railway, waterway, commercial, agriculture, water resource and waste.

Roadway

Aircraft

Railway

Waterway

Commercial

Agriculture

Water

Waste

Optimum density

Guide to densityThe city game

STEP 9 STEP 10

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

No

Note:The have been studied by phy-sical models.

effects of parameters

After “Guide to Density” series were published, I created an inter-active game. This City Game is produced by Adobe Director, which created an interactive interface between the user and data. The purpose of the game is to find out the optimal population density for users. Once the answer comes out, the game will show the user some rendered images of possible prospects. These renderings will give users a rough idea about population density.

THE CITY GAME

STEP 11 STEP 1217

11 . When the answer comes out, the game will show the user prospective images of a neutral city in exactly the same population density. The neutral city was designed in 4 scales, and each of them was defined by a function which generated from population density.

12. Visual feedbacks are images rendered by parametric design software.The neutral city is constructed in Grasshopper (a Rhinoceros plug-in), and that makes the model able to respond to the change directly according to the input criteria.

Neutral city model Visual feedbacks

f(Density)

Grasshopper (Rhinoceros plug-in)

Note:The “dispatch” function allows me to distinguish various results in Grasshopper software.

Note:The city (space for a family) is based on the studies in “KM3" and “X, M, L, XL”.

basic assumptions of this neutral

Function: Construction of neutral city

f(D < 300)if population density < 300 p/km2Hinterland < 1/3Garbage mountain = 1L

f(D < 300)if population density < 300 p/km2

Commercial block = Central


Water resource = Half

f(D < 150)if population density < 150 p/km2Water resource = Central

f(D < 300)if population density < 300 p/km2FAR < 1.5

f(D < 150)If population density < 150 p/km2FAR < 0.7

Housing area

Water resource

Commercial area

Waste and hinterland

L

f(Density)

if D < 150, FAR = [(if 150 < D < 300, FAR = [(if 300 < D < 800, FAR = [(if 800 < D < 1250, FAR = [(if 1250 < D < 3000, FAR = [(if 3000 < D, FAR = [(

P/D*N/A)*Nstor]

P/D*N/A)*Nstor]*2.5

P/D*N/A)*Nstor]*4

P/D*N/A)*Nstor]*7

P/D*N/A)*Nstor]*11

P/D*N/A)*Nstor]*14

D

Housing

L = Length of housing unitLblock = Length of blockH = Height of single storeyHaddHwa = Height of water resourceHcom = Height of commercial storey

= Height of additional storey

= Population densityP = Amount of peopleNhouse = People per household

BCR = P/D*N/AHnumber = Height of single storey

Nstor = Number of storeies

Commercial

if D < 150, resource = (if 150 < D < 300, resource = (if 300 < D < 800, resource = (if 800 < D, resource = (

P/D*N/A)*H

P/D*N/A)*Nhouse

P/D*N/A)*H*K

P/D*N/A)*Nhouse

Water resource

if D < 300, commercial = (if 300 < D < 800, commercial = [((if 800 < D, commercial = [(

(

P/D*N/A)*H

P/D*N/A)*H]*2+

P/D*N/A)*H2

P/D*N/A)*(300/Nhouse)]*

2Nstor+ P/D*N/A)*H2

Waster and hinterland

if D < 150, hinterland = 1/2A, waste = D*Sif 150 < D < 300, hinterland = 1/3A, waste = D*Sif 300 < D, hinterland = 1/5A, waste = D*XL

A = Area of neautral city

f(D < 150)if population density > 150 p/km2Hinterland < 1/2Garbage mountain = 1S


Commercial block = Central

Lblock

Larea

Htol

Hcom

H

Hwa

Hadd

Lpath

LrLblock

f(Density) Density < 150 150 < Density < 300

f(D < 800)if population density < 800 p/km2Hinterland < 1/5Garbage mountain = 2XL



f(D > 3000)if population density > 3000 p/km2Hinterland < 1/5Garbage mountain = 5XL


Commercial block = 4X





f(D > 3000)if population density > 3000 p/km2



Water resource = Central


Water resource = Half


Water resource = All

f(D > 3000)if population density > 3000 p/km2

Water resource = All




f(D > 3000)if population density > 3000 p/km2FAR < 15.0

3000 < Density300 < Density < 800 800 < Density < 1250 1250 < Density < 3000

19

1000 20

M

10 50

Lingo script in Adobe Director

#1

-- sprite handlers

on new (me) myWaitState = #waiting -- initialize wait state -- create cursors me.makeWaitCursor ("Wait Up Cursor") me.makeWaitCursor ("Wait Up Mask") me.makeWaitCursor ("Wait Down Cursor") me.makeWaitCursor ("Wait Down Mask") -- initialize cursor timing and cycle myTimer = the milliseconds myCursorFlag = 1end new

on beginSprite (me) -- check to make sure that at least one wait option is set if not (waitforClick or waitforKey) then myWaitState = #continueend beginSprite

on endSprite -- reset cursor when playback head leaves frame cursor 0end endSprite

-- event handlers

on exitFrame (me) -- look for mouse press and continue if true if waitforClick then if the mouseDown then myWaitState = #continue end if -- look for a key event and continue if true if waitforKey then if the keypressed <> EMPTY then myWaitState = #continue end if if myWaitState = #waiting then -- check to see whether enough time has elapsedm to cycle cursor currentTime = the milliseconds if currentTime - myTimer > 500 then -- half a second has elapsed -- update the timer myTimer = currentTime -- switch the cursor state myCursorFlag = not myCursorFlag -- set the cursor to appropriate cast member and mask if myCursorFlag then cursor [member ("Wait Up Cursor").number, \ member ("Wait Up Mask").number] else cursor [member ("Wait Down Cursor").number, \ member ("Wait Down Mask").number] end if end if -- hold playback head in current frame go the frame end ifend exitFrame

end mouseUp

on isOKToAttach (me, aSpriteType, aSpriteNum) tIsOk = 0 if aSpriteType = #graphic then tIsOK = 1 end if return(tIsOK) end on

//WAIT FOR MOUSE CLICK

on mouseEnter me go to frame 53 cursor 280

end

//OPEN THE PROGRAM

on mouseUp me go #next

//GO NEXT FRAME

on mouseUp me play myTargetFrameend mouseUp

on exitFrame me if the currentSpriteNum = 0 then play myTargetFrame end ifend exitFrame

on isOKToAttach (me, aSpriteType, aSpriteNum) return(1) end on

on getPropertyDescriptionList me if the currentSpriteNum = 0 then theComment = "Play which frame on exitFrame?" else theComment = "Play which frame on mouseUp?" end if

//PLAY FRAME X

on mouseWithin me set the member of sprite the currentSpriteNum to member "icons_play_red" cursor 280end on mouseLeave me set the member of sprite the currentSpriteNum to member "icons_play_black" cursor 0end

//START GAME

on mouseWithin me cursor 280 set the member of sprite the currentSpriteNum to member "givR"end on mouseLeave me cursor 0 set the member of sprite the currentSpriteNum to member "givG"end

on mouseWithin me set the member of sprite the currentSpriteNum to member "devR" cursor 280end on mouseLeave me set the member of sprite the currentSpriteNum to member "deG" cursor 0end

//SELECT DEVELOP OR GIVEUP

on mouseEnter me

//CONTROL

#2

#3

#5

#6

#4

#7

Line / 0001~0067 Line / 0068~0129

21

on mouseEnter me go to frame 59 cursor 280

on exitFrame me go the frameend exitFrameon isOKToAttach (me, aSpriteType, aSpriteNum) tIsOk = 0 if aSpriteType = #script then tIsOK = 1 end if return(tIsOK) end on

//HOLD ON CURRENT FRAME

on Initialize me -- sent by beginSprite thisSprite = sprite(the currentSpriteNum) myStartFrame = thisSprite.startFrame myEndFrame = thisSprite.endFrame if symbolP (myTimeOutFrame) then case (myTimeOutFrame) of #previous: jumpToFrame = marker (-1) #loop: jumpToFrame = marker (0) #next: jumpToFrame = marker (1) end case else jumpToFrame = marker (myTimeOutFrame) end if -- Error checking if the currentSpriteNum then ErrorAlert (me, #invalidChannel, the currentSpriteNum) end if if not jumpToFrame then jumpToFrame = myEndFrame + 1 ErrorAlert (me, #missingMarker, jumpToFrame) else if jumpToFrame >= myStartFrame and jumpToFrame <= myEndFrame then jumpToFrame = myEndFrame + 1 ErrorAlert (me, #endlessLoop, jumpToFrame) end if

//LOOP FOR X SECONDS

on mouseEnter me cursor 0

end

//RESTORE SELECTION

on mouseUp me -- The user clicked on a sprite gotoNetPage myURL(iliad45423.pbworks.com)end mouseUp

on exitFrame me if the currentspriteNum = 0 then gotoNetPage myURL end ifend exitFrame

on isOKToAttach (me, aSpriteType, aSpriteNum) return end on

(iliad45423.pbworks.com)

//UPDATE THE DATA

on mouseUp me go #previousend mouseUp

on isOKToAttach (me, aSpriteType, aSpriteNum) tIsOk = 0 if aSpriteType = #graphic then tIsOK = 1 end if return(tIsOK) end on

//GO PREVIOUS PAGE

on mouseUp me halt

end

//EXIT THIS PROGRAM

#11

#10

#9

#8

#12

#13

Line / 0130~0188 Descriptions

#1: Launch the program “Guide to Density v2.0.exe”

#2: Make the program stop at startup page, and wait for commands.

#3: Move to next frame.

#4: Jump to specific frame.

#5: Move to the game process page and start choosing.

#6: Distinguish user’s preference by selections.

#7: Allow user to redo selections.

#8: Hold on result page and wait for commands.

#9: Connect to simulating images from parametric design software.

#10: Clean all selections.

#11: Open a link to my website(il iad45423.pbwork.com) through web browser.

#12: Go back to previous frame.

#13: Close the program.

INDEX

1~67 68~129 130~188 Info

DEMO: The City Game

#1: Press “play“ icon to start the game, or use the ”framework“ icon to review the category of the game design.

#2: On the screen, the right section shows parameters pending a decision, and the left section provides two buttons for the user.

#3: Users can press the ”develop“ icon to take parameters into account, or use the ”give up“ icon to skip it.

#4: When a user finishes his or her selection, the game will show the optimal population density that fits the user's preference.

Demonstration #1~2 Demonstration #3~4

#5: Users can press the ”info“ icon for more data. It will demonstrate two example regions in the real world with similar densities.

#6: The ”eye“ icon provides users with some quick simulations of specific populations. They are produced by the Grasshopper software.

#7: Simulations include some perspectives from waste mountain. The amount of waste is also affected by population density.

#8: Every user can use the ”upload“ button to refresh data to my website (il iad45423.pbworks.com) It also provides users with my SOP for data arrangement.

.

Demonstration #5~6 Demonstration #7~8

23

INDEX

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Scenarios in different population density

Housing area (D = 150~800)

Housing area,population density = 150 p/km2





Waste mountain,population density = 150 p/km2





Commercial area,population density = 150 p/km2





Waste mountains (D = 150~800) Commercial area (D = 150~800)
















25

Housing area (D = 1000~10000) Waste mountains (D = 1000~10000) Commercial area (D = 1000~10000)

INDEX

Housing(Low density)

Waste(Low density) (Low density)

Downtown Housing(High density)

Waste(High density) (High density)

Downtown

Photograph: Studio visit at Taipei National University of the Arts

Date and location: Saturday, July 17th at TNUA, New Taipei City

1 . The studio visit was hosted by TNUA’s professors in July. There were over 20 artists participated in this conference, and every artists was specially selected from different field of arts.

2. Artists were discussing about the relation between simulation and population density.

27

CH 1: Objective

4. At the end of studio visit,artists were trying to open some thematic evaluations. By this program, they were making new insights to population density.

3. Comparing the simulations generated from different population density, people were discussing about the “key parameter” in the neutral city .

Through this project, artists were having new insights to population density. This new vista changed their concepts to cities and encouraged them to create new study in many different fields.

“PRECISION”

“Issues for cities are no longer simple; a single phenomenon consists of complex reasons.

Fully realizing the problem then defining a clear strategy is the only way to avoid losing focus on design.”

Abstract

The Linear City is a problem-solving design. It starts from a worldwide observation. This observation aims to discover the most urgent problem in the world, and after locating the problem precisely, I developed a series of strategies to solve it in an architectural method.

LINEAR CITY

According to world trends, massive growth of population has become a serious issue , involving not only the increasing number of humans, but also the decreasing rate of available land. The world observation starts from this crisis, and tries to find out the most urgent needs regarding this problem. The research focuses on discovering the real reason that causes the crisis, then sets a solution accurately.

This strategy is approached by over 30 diagrams, and they illustrate a clear way to execute the plan. Each step has specifically considered the situation of this site, and focuses on solving the problem-causing factors. It is not just an architectural strategy; it combines engineering construction, programming, future prediction and policies. It's an overall planning project to solve the problem precisely.

The Linear City is a project that aims to solve problems effectively. According to estimates, it could save 13,800 slum dwellers and relieve the population density pressure about 30 percent in Dhaka City.

/ Problem solving

An urban design project in Dhaka City

DESCRIPTION

/ Academic

/ 2009

29

1 . This diagram overlaps information about population, temperature, sea level and available land area. It is the crux of the problem: The world pop-ulation is growing rapidly; however, available land area is decreasing at the same time. By the end of 2050, according to estimates, the world popu-lation will reach 9.5 bill ion, but almost 1/3 of habitable land area will be lost.

World trend

This information can be reviewed on Demography (demography.com), World Trend (worldtrend.com) and CIA's The World Factbook (cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook).

1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

Annual average

Recent sea level rise

Current sea level trend

23 Annual tide gauge reports

World war I I

6.1 bill ion at year 2004

Urban population 60.1%

Urban population 46.9%

Forest cover 53%

Forest cover 65%

Five year average

Topsoil availabil ity loss

Populat

ion grow

th is un

stoppab

le

Populat

ion grow

th is un

stoppab

le

Living and farming land is decreasing

STEP 1

Note:The world trend study was arranged in paperback format, it was printed in 2009.

2. Coastal areas are the battlefront of the population problem. In a comfort zone, coastal areas contain the highest population densities in the world, but they also face the most direct result of rising sea levels.

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPPC), there are 3,551 cities less than 10 meters above sea level, and in these high-risk cities, there are 16 of them with a population over 8 mill ion. Considering the population growth rate, at the end of 2020, Dhaka City will be the most crowded place in these 16 cities.

Coastal area cities

City Country Estimate density in year 2020

Total density increase: 1,072 p/km2

Population(residents)

Area(km2)

Density(p/km2)

Ratio(%) (p/km2)

30,242Dhaka Bangladesh 7,310,000 311 23,504 2.86

4,906Buenos Aires Argentina 12,390,000 2,590 4,783 0.46

7,350Rio de Janeiro Brazil 11,160,000 1,580 7,063 0.79

6,501Shanghai China 14,460,000 2,396 6,035 1.54

5,596Tianj in China 7,200,000 1,295 5,559 1.28

8,394Bombay India 19,530,000 2,350 8,130 2.00

8,988Jakarta Indonesia 21,800,000 2,720 8,014 2.38

4,676Osaka Japan 8,830,000 1,892 4,664 0.04

14,129Tokyo Japan 8,730,000 621 14,049 0.15

10,577Lagos Nigeria 8,860,000 971 9,124 2.99

4,187Karachi Pakistan 12,990,000 3,527 3,681 2.54

1,810New York USA 20,090,000 11,264 1,783 0.24

14,730,000 10,780 1,366 0.79 1,410Los Angeles USA

10,547Cairo Egypt 16,750,000 1,600 9,031 1.53

15,407Kolkata India 15,010,000 984 15,254 2.54

Bangkok Thailand 5,8588,290,000 1,502 5,521 1.19

WORLD OBSERVATIONThe observation is a study focusing on the world's important issues through the method of overlapping charts. It is possible for us to organize the situation and discover the origin of the problem.

STEP 231

Dhaka City analysis

3. There are 24 districts in Dhaka City, and Kamrangirchar District is the most crowded of them. It has the highest population density but relatively few constructions.

Kamrangirchar is the lowest place in the geography of Dhaka City, and residents suffer from seasonal floods every 6 months. The floods ravage this district full of slum dwellers, reducing available area for residents to live in and raising the population density.

Analysis

Transportation

District

Hospitals

Perception

Level

Literacy

Set goals

Climate data overlapping by year

STEP 3

33STEP 4

Flood

Solution 1: A Bank to protect existing residents

Solution 2: A planning with population density control

Goal setting

Total buffer area is 9,800,000 m2Runoff is 200 m3 per secondDay flow wave is 96,451,200 m3River safety amount is 96,451,200 m3

Seasonal Perception

Potato is the solution for prevent starvingEvery 10 m2 could transfer to 4 kg potatoFor 13,845 people needs 2,200,000kgIn a city width 45 m needs 12,222 m in length

Land losing

Set 100 people use a 800 m2 churchFor 13,845 people needs 1,897 m2 = 8.1%

Every 100 people need 600 m2 hall space13,845 people needs 1,897 m2 = 4.9%

Set each person needs 20 m2 housing spaceTotal amount is 276,900 m2In a city width 45 m needs 6,153 m in lengthSet 100 people use a 1000 m2 campus

Approx. 3/5 people works thereSet each person needs 20 m2 space8,307 people needs 166140 m2

Approx. 13,845 residents2/5 people works for tradingSet each person needs 15 m2 space5,538 people needs 89,910 m2

Same as personal space = 14.1%

Higher density

4. In conclusion, the key to solving the problem is not only lowering population density, but also preventing seasonal land loss at the same time.

These two solutions provide 9 different architectural programs, includingagriculture, housing, industry, education and open space. Each of them is considered deliberately, then sets up some critical design criteria.

Agriculture Housing + Education Industry

TradingReligion space

Public space

Open space

Infrastructure

Note:The approximate f programs are set by a study of existing Dhaka City, and all of the calculation is based on a predicted population in the year 2020.

proportion o

Current situation

5. Kamrangirchar District is under a serious population pressure. It has the highest population density within Dhaka city. To make matters worse, many residents live in slum conditions because this place suffers from poverty, and residents' l ives are threatened when seasonal floods occur.

6. Seasonal floods cause land loss and numerous casualties. In fact, this phenomenon also contributes to high population density by decreasing available land area. To prevent this situation, the solution is to create a buffer zone upstream, combined with an embankment to protect residential areas.

Flood control

Land areaFlood

Buriganga River

Land area

STEP 5~8

STEP 5 STEP 6

Block Construct

Buriganga River

Embankment

6.1 km2 in flood seasonDensity is 32,347 inhabitants/km2

7.8 km2 in flood seasonDensity is 25297 inhabitants/km2

7. The two demands of decreasing population density and fighting loss ofland due to flooding could be fulfilled at the same time by integrating housing and embankment structures. The strategy is to move residents “on” an em-bankment. It creates a linear city incorporating dwell ings, agriculture, edu-cation, commerce, industry and embankment.

8. A linear city could release the population density by moving people onto a “line.” This linear disperse not only offers housing units for a growing population, but it also attracts residents to move out from crowded areas. It is a basically a method to arrange the population density pattern in a limited space.

Move Linear placement

Free space

STRATEGIESAfter the problem has been organized in its entirety, I try to seek a solution in an architectural way. The following strategies are the results of various studies. Each of the parameters have been evaluated based on the site.

35STEP 7 STEP 8

Place upon Programs

Buriganga River

Buriganga River

No inhabitants

4000 6000

M

1600 3200

Program development

27%Housing units withrooftop garden

549,990 m2Agriculture

13,897 m2Public hall

276,900 m2Open space

22,910 m2Trading market

276,900 m2Housing units

16,500 m2Green space

35%Integratedopen space with multi-functions

38%Agriculturecombinewithindustry function

13,897 m2Religion space

Agriculture

Industrial space

Ventilation paths

Public hall

Trading market

Religion space

Open area

Maximum the open space

Housing blocks

Rooftop garden

Creating interaction

STEP 9 / Program arrangement and prototype units

STEP 5STEP 9

16,614 m2Industrial area

Industrial workspaceTweak for sunlight

Rooftop garden with filterIsolate the cores

Lifting up for public spaceEntrance development

9. The diagram illustrates a process of spatial transformation. Original architecture programs are integrated into new type of space, and each of them was specifically designed according to the site.

37/ Mass development

30006000 1200

CM

Execution process

Apartment rental plansHousing units developmentSite plan

P1. Approx. 9.8 km2buffer zonefor seasonal flood

P2. At least 150 buildings are neededif every 50 citizens a building

P3. Total 8 programs develop throughthe needs of the site

P4. Put “liner city” upon the embankment

P5. Set wind path by every 25 m for ventilation concerns

1. 9.84 m height banknot only protect residents from floodbut also provide a transportation line

2. Yield at least 15 m road for community use

3. Vertical and horizontal stagger to create interaction of the community

4. Use “push-up” elevator for vertical route

5. Add roof top garden and water tank to reduce the waste

6. Elevation

7. Rental plan situation 1stsingle rooms for young people

8. Rental plan situation 2ndvertical adjacent for couples

9. Rental plan situation 3rdcomplete space for small family

10. Rental plan situation 4thback to single rooms for young people

Green areaPublic programsIndustrial agriculture structure

11 . Approx. 549,990 m2agriculture spaces are needed

12. It is impossible to provide the volume through traditional way

13. At least 3 layers are needed and each layer is approx. 16 m

14. Form and height are optimized by sunlight angles

15. Floor area can be industrial work space

16. Approx. 116,700 m2multi-functional public areas are needed

17. Each public hall unit needs at least 800 m2

18. Their entrance should be tweak toward to crowds

19. Each education unit needs at least 420 m2

20. By lifting up 7 m to create additionalspaces for community

23. Few types of medical plants are applied on the pavement

24. Simple and removable boundaries create the religion spaces

25. Green spaces provide opportunities for holding open markets

Planning

INDEX

1~5 11~15 16~20 21~256~10

21. Approx. 128,790 m2open green spaces are needed

22. The yield space for road is defined by width of four-way lanes

39

1 .5 floor

2.5 floor

3.5 floor

Roof

0.5 floor+0240

+0480

+0720

+0960

1st floor

2nd floor

3rd floor

Roof

+05002nd floor

+02001st floor

Agriculture unit

Entrance

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

Medical plants

Medical plants

Trading spaceEntrance Entrance

dndndndndndn

Agriculture unit

Housing units

Low tide Low tide

High tide

Low tide

Low tide opening area

High tideHigh tide

Open green spaceAgriculture with industrial area Housing units with rooftop garden

Sunligh

t angl

e

Work space

Agriculture and housing units

Drawings: Plan and elevation

Rainwater filter

To achieve the maximum production of potato, the height of vertical farm is optimized by solar angle in winter. The solar angle of Kamrangirchar can be calculated at SunEarthTools (Sunearthtools.com).

+0360

+0600

+0840

+1080

+1200

+0320

+0640

2nd floor

Roof

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn

dn dn dn dn dn dn dn

+0500Roof

Low tide

High tide

Low tide Low tide

Open green area with religion function

Green area for religion use

Medical plants

Medical plants

Campus / Education space

Green area for public use

38 meters

Educational program Open space Public hall

20 meters

Roadway10 meters 15 meters

Deck

Public space programs

41

35% space of linear city are open areas, they could grow some medical plants like mari juana, mullein, fennel and mint. These herbs are both able to meet local demands and contribute to country’s economy.

2000 5000

CM

24001200600

Linear city in high tide situation

Rendering

38% space of linear city are agricultural areas. They are integrated with industrial workspace.

27% space of linear city are housing units plus rooftop gardens. These rooftop gardens could absorb and filter rainwater in wet seasons.

The height of embankment is defined by the highest line of seasonal flood prediction in next 50 years.

Grey

Calcareous

Rock soil

Grass

CH 2: Precision

43

Outdoor stairs connect residents to river. In dry seasons, people could reach the riverbed through this route. The stairs also create a social activity space for inhabits.

“EXPERIMENTATION”

“Instead of sticking to traditional architectural concepts, the strategies of architectural design should combine every possibil ity,

even if they are not common.”

AbstractFRACTAL SPACE

/ Conceptual practice

Architecture generated by iteration

45DESCRIPTION

The Fractal Space is an exploration of architecture. It represents a disbelief in traditional architectural concepts.

Conventional modern architectural design begins with a function. This premise is best stated by Louis Sull ivan, who once said, “Form follows function.” However, the con-temporary metropolis is a complicated compound, and there is too much information overlapping within a single issue. Under this condition, conventional analyses will be deviated from easily.

Certainly, architects find many ways to analyze precisely, but most designers cannot escape from being subjective when it comes to designing buildings. In this experiment, I try to achieve an objective design without a preconceived form; the form and spaces come from fractal rules only.

The scope of the study begins with the establishment of rules. Several mathe-matical equations were researched with their two-dimensional inputs and outputs. Three-dimensional transformation was later added to quantify form and volume. The resultant studies generated more than 300 prototypes for future building units, which are integrated in ”The Catalog of Fractal Architecture.” Each of the units is tagged with specific information that could be traced back to its very origin.

The final product expresses a method to use ” The Catalog of Fractal Architecture.” In this section, I chose a museum as an example to demonstrate how to turn this three-dimensional form into an architectural design. The aim of this experiment is to explore the possibil it ies of architectural concepts.

/ Academic

/ 2009

Scope of study Wolfram Mathematica

STEP 1 STEP 2

Koch snowflake formula

Peano curve formula

Dragaon curve formula

Gosper curve formula

Sierpenski AH formula

1 . In this experiment, I chose 5 classical fractal functions to begin with, and all these functions are described through an L-system (Lindenmayer system). An L-system is a parallel rewriting system that can be used to generate self-similar fractals. It provides simplifying functions to describe complex iterations; also, these functions could be applied in Wolfram Mathematica.

2. Wolfram Mathematica is a computer program used widely in scientific engineering and mathematical fields. It allows me to translate iteration functions into two-dimensional graphics. All graphics are automatically colored by the software, and this feature makes it easy to distinguish the sequences of iteration.

Formula to graphicL-system method

(1915)

(1904)

(1890)

(1967)

(1977)

Note:These L-system scripts are open resources at website “Wolfram Mathworld.”

Transformation Loft

STEP 3 STEP 447

3. Iteration graphics are overlapped in a three-dimensional coordinate system. In this coordinate system, patterns are vertically separated with each other, and their distances are defined by the diameter of the pattern itself.

4. I connected these patterns through the ”loft“ command in Rhino. In this experiment, every fractal function could generate 60 different models in different iteration angles and multiply with 5 distinct series, resulting in a total of 300 spaces created. These 300 models are arranged into a chart named the ”catalog of fractal architecture.”

STUDY OF FRACTAL

Create a catalog of type2D to 3D

The first part of this experiment is a study of fractals. The research starts with 5 mathematic fractal formulas: Koch curve, Peano curve, Dragon curve, Gosper curve and Sierpenski arrowhead. I used Wolfram Mathematica to translate these mathematical formulas into two-dimensional graphics. I then used the “loft“ function to generate a three-dimensional space through these iteration patterns.

Note:The “Loft” function in Rhinoceros allows me to connect points into a three-dimensional massing.

STEP 5 / Fractal spaces with lower complexity and volume

The Catalog of Fractal Architecture

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16 Space volume (by space calculator)

Comple

xity

B igger a

nd more

complic

ate

Note:To achieve a typology study, parameters (volume and faces) in the catalog are listed in MS Excel. This statistical chartprovides user more information about these models.

5. There are two principles to arrange the chart: volume and complexity. In this ”table,” models are listed by volume from bottom to top and by complexity from left to right.

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60-70-8023.451

7

40-60-80151.245

7

50-40-30161.411

7

80-70-60164.637

7

40-30-20143.311

7

10-30-50151.673

7

10-40-70182.753

7

100-60-20194.239

7

20-40-60192.561

7

60-40-20207.975

7

110-70-30325.375

7

30-70-110397.231

7

110-60-10326.225

7

120-70-20389.652

7

80-50-20326.908

7

40-60-80407.600

7

20-70-120478.021

7

50-70-90569.851

7

20-30-4092.400

9

20-30-4082.324

9

90-80-70179.214

9

40-70-100189.322

9

110-80-50183.112

9

100-70-40192.156

9

80-50-20190.512

9

90-50-10193.428

9

30-50-70

9198.092

30-40-50148.092

9

80-60-40391.195

8

30-60-90378.890

8

50-60-70389.721

8

100-60-20303.002

8

80-100-120342.568

8

90-70-50460.198

8

50-60-70401.945

8

40-80-120

8500.664

8

60-70-80511.810

60-80-100599.851

9

80-90-100182.341

10

80-60-40137.121

10

60-50-40171.416

10

70-40-10199.817

10

110-100-90209.410

10

120-90-60235.341

10

90-50-10290.400

10

60-90-120298.560

10

20-60-100298.581

10

90-60-30299.545

10

80-60-40329.104

10

120-100-80362.757

10

40-60-80429.237

10

90-70-50481.981

10

110-70-30442.780

10

120-80-40458.264

10

20-70-120417.817

10

110-60-10406.030

10

110-80-50501.722

10

90-100-110237.901

12

70-60-50389.551

12

80-70-60360.002

12

20-40-60301.409

12

10-60-110305.821

12

120-70-20309.670

12

30-70-110399.132

12

10-60-110425.526

12

100-70-40499.001

12

110-70-30444.132

12

10-60-110495.333

12

100-90-80400.350

12

110-100-90441.002

12

70-60-50463.659

11

80-60-40496.140

11

30-60-90428.531

12

70-90-110586.009

11

60-70-80530.237

12

50-70-90590.272

12

70-80-90532.693

12

20-60-100798.560

11

60-90-120781.011

12

90-50-10280.981

11

20-50-80252.772

11

10-50-90225.941

11

10-60-110299.014

11

100-60-20243.127

11

30-50-70295.542

11

60-50-40213.412

11

110-60-10326.104

11

70-60-50349.014

11

40-50-60341.681

10

20-50-80302.342

10

100-70-40319.213

10

100-110-120314.112

11

120-110-100314.116

11

30-60-90407.151

11

40-70-100401.629

11

100-70-40459.628

11

120-70-20419.467

11

30-70-110459.762

11

110-70-30451.002

11

50-80-110591.778

11

50-80-110800.031

11

30-40-50168.431

13

40-50-60196.002

13

70-50-30229.785

13

40-60-80360.917

13

30-60-90307.791

13

100-60-20313.500

13

80-60-40331.124

13

120-110-100459.071

13

90-70-50459.342

13

110-60-10486.625

13

110-90-70502.600

13

100-80-60593.818

13

90-70-50599.342

13

70-80-90698.280

13

90-80-70615.700

13

100-90-80624.542

13

90-80-70602.747

13 13

60-90-120682.993

110-70-30749.622

13

80-90-100732.991

13

120-90-60892.156

14

80-100-120892.981

13

40-80-120900.310

17

20-70-120827.004

18

120-100-80879.010

17

90-100-110849.233

17

60-80-100546.009

20

80-90-100402.994

17

70-80-90489.730

19

50-70-90428.976

17

80-70-60410.098

17

60-80-100541.542

17

90-100-110503.045

18

50-80-110547.816

18

110-80-50554.822

18

100-110-120610.217

18

60-90-120692.441

17

10-50-90601.012

17

20-60-100608.311

17

80-90-100702.021

17

110-100-90872.516

20

80-100-120852.653

20

90-60-30281.310

14

40-50-60285.009

14

50-60-70381.445

14 14

90-80-70424.871

100-90-80413.847

14

40-70-100495.410

14

110-80-50461.522

14

120-100-80509.311

14

20-70-120506.774

14

70-90-110500.546

14

100-80-60563.425

14

40-70-100532.210

14

120-80-40588.230

14

120-90-60602.007

14

110-100-90622.568

14

110-90-70711.083

14

40-80-120726.421

14

110-90-70727.091

14

30-70-110804.294

14

80-90-100831.783

14

90-100-110816.842

14

120-100-80963.791

14

90-60-30349.778

15

50-60-70311.527

15

40-60-80359.237

15

100-70-40479.221

15

30-70-110470.252

15

20-70-120522.275

15

120-70-20569.140

15

80-70-60529.814

15

110-90-70537.201

15

120-70-20509.038

15

70-90-110

15518.100

70-80-90589.320

15

50-70-90510.325

15

120-110-100679.120

15

60-90-120672.812

15

50-80-110611.769

15

100-80-60737.475

15

120-110-100799.453

15

90-100-110949.233

15

120-90-60942.307

19

100-110-120910.402

19

120-110-100929.452

18

120-100-80909.004

17

40-80-120899.012

17

120-80-40870.353

17

110-80-50843.010

16

70-90-110716.546

19

60-70-80375.810

16

100-60-20483.063

16

60-70-80479.230

16

110-100-90531.410

16

40-80-120581.100

16

120-80-40561.590

16

80-100-120612.004

16

100-90-80704.561

18

100-110-120989.352

16

100-110-120907.120

16

80-100-120914.622

16 Space volume (by space calculator)

Comple

xity

B igger a

nd more

complic

ate

/ Higher complexity and volume

1 cubic unit

Volume

1000 cubic unit500 cubic unit

49

Height arrangement Rotation

STEP 6 STEP 7

STEP 6~9

6. When the proper model is decided, I simply placed the model on the site, and then I arranged the model's size by the average height of nearby buildings.

7. There is a subway exit located on the east side of the site; it brings a lot of people to this area. Considering the site's condition, I rotated the massing to create a large canopy for crowds and also to create an entrance toward the subway exit.

Route planningFit in the site

Subway line

Note:The subway exit located at a famous night market, it transports 68,667 visitors per day in average.

Spiral route Patterns

STEP 8 STEP 9

ARCHITECTURALIZEAfter the catalog was created, I tried to find a way to design a museum using the ”Catalog of Fractal Architecture.” In this section, I selected a proper model from the catalog both by its volume and complexity. I then arranged it to fit in the site. Lastly, I filled in programs of the museum to finish this experiment.

8. To get to this museum of fractal architecture, the route is designed to express the form, and after a study of various type of routes, a spiralroute sweeping through every corner of the building was the final decision.

9. With regard to the exterior of the building, in order to emphasis its origin, the specific fractal pattern from Wolfram Mathematica could be used both in the distribution of windows and the division of landscapes.

Iconize Programs

100 200

M

50 100

Note:This route study is aimed to express the shape indirectly.

51

Program arrangement

STEP 10 / Interrelation of programs

800 m2 / Lobby

200 m2 / Info kiosk

50m2 / Gift shop

50m2 / Coffee shop

300m2 / Lecture

500m2 / Auditorium

300m2 / Screening

400m2 / Library

450m2 / Exhibition

400m2 / Restaurant

800m2 / Storage

50m2 / Staff office

50m2 / Dock

30m2 / Elevator

30m2 / Lavatory

STEP 10

1300m2Lobbyconnected with

information kiosk

Core unit

150m2Multi-exhibition

500 m2Exhibitioncombined with

lecture space

800 m2Auditoriumwith screen

50 m2Coffee shop

50m2Gift shop

750 m2Food service

restaurants

750 m2multi-exhibitionspace

1300 m2InformationLobby

800 m2Auditorium

Lob1

K1

G1

C1

Lec1

Aud1

S1

Lib1

Ex1

Res1

Doc1

E1

L1

S1

Ex2 Ex3

L2

K2

E2 E3 E4

S2

S4S3

S6S5

S8S7

O1 O2

860 m2Integratedcore unit

100 m2Staff area

450 m2Food service

Visual connectionsSpiral route

Note:The list of spatial programs is a reference from TPAC (Taipei Performing Art Center) competition.

53

10. Every program of this museum is specifically transformed by its function. The interrelation of programs is specially studied with the route and visual connection, and these interactions result in direct layouts.

1300m2Lobbyconnected with

information kiosk

Core unit

150m2Multi-exhibition

500 m2Exhibitioncombined with

lecture space

800 m2Auditoriumwith screen

50 m2Coffee shop

50m2Gift shop

750 m2Food service

restaurants

Auditorium Screening

Lecture

Shop

Exhibition

Informationkiosk

Lobby

Dock

Office

Coffee

Restaurant

Lob1 + Lib1 + K1 + K2

Ex2 + Lec

Ex1

C1

G1

G1

C2

Res1

Res1

S1

Aud1

/ Plans

Ground floor

+0750 plan

2500500

+2450 plan

+1650 plan

0 1000

Layering

CM

The massing creates a large scale canopy which provides people a shaded outdoor space. This public space not only encourages visitors and residents to have social activities, but also creates a symbol of entrance for the building.

In order to correctly apply the fractal pattern on building, the model is unfolded into a two-dimensional plan, then overlapped with fractal pattern. After that, the model is folded back into a three-dimensional massing with exact pattern.

55

CH 3: ExperimentationRendering

Entrance canopy for citizens

The spatial programs are arranged by spiral route and visual connections. Under these considerations, every program is specifically placed near to the edge of building. This strategy directs visitors to feel the shape of building in an oblique way.

“VERIFIABILITY”

“Architecture should be evaluated after construction, to ensure the design is effective.”

57DESCRIPTION

AbstractWOVEN SKIN

/ Real world project

Penetrative facade for a parking structure

/ Professional

/ 2011

The Woven Skin is a project that aims to discuss the skin of a public building. It's a redesign of an exterior wall for an existing parking structure located in Wulai District, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Traditional parking structures in Taiwan are totally efficiency-directed products. They provide a modern city with a high-capacity parking solution, but they also produce a higher crime rate on the other hand, because these public buildings are usually occupied by vagrants and rogues. This phenomenon is a result of skin design. Limited by economic considerations, most parking structures are enclosed by solid concrete walls that block the sunlight, ventilation and visions from the outside. The structure is almost sealed by solid walls, which creates a terrible environment for users.

The goal of this project is to reopen the parking structure through building elevation. In order to create a skin that can be penetrated by vision, the solid concrete walls are replaced by louvers. According to studies, in same area, a louver's visual penetration rate is approximately 60 percent higher than a solid wall's. In this project, the louver is specially designed to reflect the contour lines of the landscape. It creates a dynamic facade for the building. This elevation form also makes the building more iconic in the site.

Parametric design software plays an important role in this case, and it makes the construction possible. Through Grasshopper, 502 colored steel panels are separated by four layers for production. They were divided into 2,202 different segments with different sizes and angles, then reassembled at the site.

The Woven Skin project creates an iconic exterior wall for an existing parking structure, which reaches the original goal of high visual penetrabil ity. The construction started in December 2011 and completed in November 2012. To ensure the design is effective, a post-occupancy evaluation by the government is scheduled by the end of 2013.

Current situation Penetrable wall

STEP 1 STEP 2

Changed by louvers Reflect the contour

1 . The original building elevation blocks everything from the outside. It creates a unsightly circumstance not only because of a lack of sunlight and ventilation, but also because of safety concerns for users.

2. Through the study of the visual penetration rate the concrete wall is substituted with louvers. This replacement reopens the parking structure through building elevation, by which it allows greater visual penetration.

Note:The dimension of louvers was defined by a study of visual penetration rate through physical models.

Contour reflection Divide for construction

The existing parking structure is sealed by a solid concrete wall, which creates a terrible environment for users. In order to reopen the building, the original exterior wall is modified with louvers. The louvers are first shaped to reflect the contour lines of the site, and then they are separated into smaller components for construction.

STEP 3 STEP 4

3. In order to create an iconic image for this public building, louvers are added on 3 curves extracted from contour lines of the landscape. This action transforms the perpendicular louvers and brings to the building a dynamic aspect.

4. Because it is impossible to construct a 14-meter-long louver directly, the louvers must be separated into a few segments. Through Grasshopper, 502 colored steel strips are separated into 4 layers and divided into 2,202 segments.

STRATEGY

0 14000

CM

7000700 3500

Separate Grasshopper

Note:The louvers were twisted to reflect the contour of landscape, it created a dynamic skin for building.

59

Grasshopper script

Louvers separating process #1~3

#1: Adjustment parameters

(Component: Number slider) (Components: Addition, unit, move, plane, rectangular and merge) (Components: Length, endpoint, move, distance, l ine, amplitude, multipl ication, 4point surface)

(Components: Unit, move, evaluate Length, 4point surface, poly line, join and extrude)

(Components: Simplify tree, move, curve, end points, l ine, join curve, brep area, merge, plane and orient)

(Components: Join, move, extrude, fl ip and trim)

#6: Input separated components#5: Seperate#2: Set drawing frame #3: Define louvers #4: Define dividing positions

INDEX

1

3

42

5 6

Louvers separating process #4~6

#1: Adjustment parameters

(Component: Number slider) (Components: Addition, unit, move, plane, rectangular and merge) (Components: Length, endpoint, move, distance, l ine, amplitude, multipl ication, 4point surface)

(Components: Unit, move, evaluate Length, 4point surface, poly line, join and extrude)

(Components: Simplify tree, move, curve, end points, l ine, join curve, brep area, merge, plane and orient)

(Components: Join, move, extrude, fl ip and trim)

#6: Input separated components#5: Seperate#2: Set drawing frame #3: Define louvers #4: Define dividing positions

61

Photograph: A night shot of Woven Skin

Location: Wulai District, New Taipei City, Taiwan (24°51'56.05"N 121°33'5.60"E)

After 2,202 separated segments were manufactured, they were directly reassembled to a 14-meter-long louver at the site. With the assistance of Grasshopper, the louver was calculated and divided precisely in a very short time. The parametric-effective software shortened the construction period. The construction started in December 2011 and was completed in November 2012; the whole process was finished within a year.

The Woven Skin project creates an exterior wall that can be penetrated by sunlight, wind and sight. It reached the original goal of the design and will be under a post-occupancy evaluation by the end of 2013. Under the POE process, the building will be verified to fit its design purposes.

CH 4: Verifiabil ity

63

Curriculum Vitae

EDUCATION

CONTACT

[email protected]

(+886)919914900

EXPERIENCE

WORKSHOP

Riverbody International Workshop by Peter Anderson, Taiwanhosted

TKU+JWU International Housing Workshop hosted by Satoko Shinohara, Japan

EXHIBITIONS

HONORS

Bachelor of Architecture, TamKang University

CityZen Garden International Workshop by Haakon Rusmussen, Taiwanhosted

Compulsory mil itary service, Coast Guard Administration of Taiwan

Junior designer, Q-lab architects

Professor Chi-Kun Wang memorial prize for the top performer in design

Award of TamKang University outstanding thesis design

Professor Chi-Kun Wang memorial prize for the top performer in design

Scholarship from Fundamental Association of Global Culture Education

Special guest to annual studio visit at Taipei National University of the Arts

Representative of TamKang University to Archiprix International 2011

TamKang University graduate project exhibition at USR127 Art Gallery

2007

2008

2005~2010

2006

2010~2011

2010

2010

2010

2008

2009

2010

2010

2010

i l iad45423.pbworks.com

Participant, Digital Archive Project of Architecture by National Science Council2008

SKILLS3D modeling software / Rhinoceros, Sketch-up with V-Ray Rendering

2D graphic software / AutoCAD, CorelDraw, Adobe Photoshop

Animation software / Sony Vegas, Adobe Premiere

Parametric design software / Grasshopper

Proficient in data analysis through digital tools

Interactive interface design / Adobe director

CHE-WEI YEH

(Project 1. “Guide to Density”)

( )Project 4. “Woven Skin”

Architecture is a prescription - Che-Wei Yeh

Documents

Transcript of Architecture is a prescription - Che-Wei Yeh