Yinlin Yeh Portfolio 2012 07
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Transcript of Yinlin Yeh Portfolio 2012 07
Yeh Yin Lin, -
Architect No#5587, Taiwan
M. S. in advanced architectural design, GSAPP, Columbia
M. Arch. National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
Tel:646-492-9396
Studio Projects in GSAPP, Columbia1. Urban Filtration
2. The Screen
3. Ways to Do Vibrancy
Urban FiltrationAcademic project in GSAPP ColumbiaStudio Critic: Kate OrffSite Location: Jamaica Bay, New York
Urban FiltrationAcademic project in GSAPP ColumbiaStudio Critic: Kate OrffSite Location: Jamaica Bay, New York
This project is a combination of a series of eco-restoration projects and asecondary water treatment system. Located in Brooklyn and Jamaica Bay, thisproject aims to restore parts of eco system into both the city and the bay byre-introducing several habitat-building species, while cleaning the water ofthe bay, softening the hard, unaccessible water front and arouse publicconcern toward the bay.
This project tries to deal several problems in Jamaica bay:
To improve the bay, this project is introducing a additional water treatment
system performed by a series of eco-restoration projects:
1. Excess nitrogen level.2. The untreated waste water from combined sewage overflow during storms3. The Damaged eco-system in the bay4. Erosion of the land-fills around the bay
1. Fresh-water marshes2. Salt marshes3. Oyster reefs
Issues:
Excess Nitrogen LevelRestoration of ecosystem
Storm surge / sea level rising
Prior Researches:
Water Quality, Water Shed and Sewage ShedOysters, Salt Marshes and Fresh Water Marshes
Storm Surge and Sea Level Rising
Strategies:
Restore water-filtering eco-infrastructure into the Bay and urban areaIntroduce semi-artificial wet lands into the bay and urban area to:Accelerate natural wet-land-forming mechanismDecrease possible damage by storms/floodsReform traditional image of urban parks
Function Programs
A local water treatment system devoted to treat:
Artificial wet lands and a semi-artificial wet-land-forming mechanismA series of urban parks and water piazzas
Rainwater, storm water and gray waterOut flows from water pollution control plant and combined sewage overflow.
Benefits:
Cleaner waterHealthier ecosystemLower risk of major floodsDiverse shore line condition
Positive side affects:
Arouse local concerns toward the bayRecreational/educational valuesHelp release pressures of current infrastructure:Water treatmentWater supplySewage systemStorm damage control
Technical means:
Community rain/storm water reservoirRain water recycling systemSeparated rain/gray water treatment systemSemi-artificial salt/freah marches as:
Artificial oyster reefs as:
Carbon sinkNitrogen filterHeavy metal catcherNatural habitant
Nitrogen filterWater current damperSediment catcher
Location:The project is located near the water pollution control plant
in ward 26, Brooklyn. It starts from Linden Blvd. and will be
stretched into the periphery of Jamaica Bay. The site is full
of different conditions such as urban areas, a canal, 2
landfills, a water pollution control plant, a combined
sewage outflow and the bay area.
Land Use:Residential
Mix Use
Commercial
Industrial
Traffic
Public Facilities
Parks
Vacant Lands
Water shed in the Bay
Surface Current (out) Sewage Shed / Water Pollution Control Plants
Water QualityExcess nitrogen
storm
in water is now considered one of the most
serious problems in the Bay. Citizen Groups are now reaching
legal statements with NYC to :
1.Sewage treatment upgrade
2.Marsh restoration
3.Enforceable limit on nitrogen pollution
The United States Environmental Protection Agency now
considers pollution from all sources, include urban
water pollution, to be the most important source of
contamination in our natural waters. More impervious
surfaces mean more urban storm-water runoff, which
causes increases in water quality impairment
From Water Shed to Sewage ShedInstead of natural water shed, the water goes into the bay now fellow the
man made , which, is weak against strong storms, does
serious damage to the eco system and increases the contamination
problem.
“sewage shed”
SITE
LAND FILL
LAND FILL
RESIDENTIAL
INDUSTRIAL
RESIDENTIAL
RESIDENTIAL
COMMERCIAL
COMMERCIAL
INDUSTRIAL
SHOPPING MALL
BELT PARKWAY
CSO (COMBINED SEWAGE OUT-
FOLW) & WWTP (Waste Water
Treatment Plant) OUTFLOW
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
MAIN STREET
URBAN AREAFeel the Bay in urban life: rain
gray water freshwater marsh
filtration
infiltration
rain water and gray water
storm
eco-passages
Introduce and
ponds with
plants, in-land vegetation, sand bed
and layers to reserve, treat and
recycle . The system
also increase efficiency of current water
treatment system, reduce damage and
forms a net work of in urban
area. The system also serves as parks, plazas
and parking spaces.
WATER PARK
A working landscape marsh bed units
CSO (Combined Sewage Outflow) WWTP
(Waste Water Treatment plant)
two days reservoirs
CSO water for three continuous day
: Deploy into
the channel while creating an artificial estuary to
treat and
outflow. This area
has a capacity to keep WWTP outflow in the site
for and have additional able to
accommodate
of average thunder storm so the water will be
treated before leaving the site. The landscape
serves as a park during ordinary days.
OPEN WATERpreformed by
: Oysters can work as efficient
. The idea is to deploy oyster reefs in the bay
according to the direction of ordinary
to , give further
and to and help
in shallow water. The salt marsh
restoration project also help the hard edge at
water front, reduce the natural of landfills
and
A salt marsh forming mechanism
oyster reefs nitrogen
filter
current going
out the bay slow down the water
treatment catch sediments forming
wetland habitats
soften
erosion
thereby improve water quality.
Water Current:The form of “Urban Filtration” project is representingthe way water flow from the city to the Bay.
Over-all Strategy:The over-all strategy of this project can be broken down into 3 parts:
1. Urban area: Integrate existing park, streets and parking spaces into a rain water recycling and gray water
treating system using fresh-water plants to treat water and restore the eco-system in urban area.
2. Estuary: A working water park that treats CSO & WWTP out flow while works as storm water reservoir as wel
3. In the bay: Restore oyster reefs into the bay that filter nitrogen and help forming new salt marshes.
RAIN WATER SYSTEM
GRAY WATER SYSTEM
CSO & WWTP OUTFLOW
WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
CLEAN DIRTY
CLEAN DIRTY
RELEASED INTO CHANNEL
ADDITIONAL CSO RESERVOIR DURING STORMS
SECTION
RAIN WATERGRAY WATER
CSO & WWTP OUTFLOW
PARK ENTRANCE
ELEVATED ROADSBELT PARKWAY
MARSH PLANTSOYSTER REEFS
LAND FILL
The vertical scale in this drawing is 10 times larger than the horizontal scale
A Water Treatment SystemThis project is basically, an additional water treatment system in addition
to current sewage system. This system treat and recycle rain water and gray
water, and, give further treatment to outflows from existing water plant
(WWPT) and sewage (CSO).
The vertical scale in te section below is 10 times larger than the horizontal
scale. This section shows the different slope between rain water and gray
water system.
CSO & WWTP OutflowThe black water, after going through water plant,
will be further treated by the freshwater marsh,
the oyster reefs and the salt marsh of my project.
And, during string storm, this project buffers the
direct damage of “urban flush” from sewage out-
flow (CSO) and provide basic eco-treatment for
all kinds of waste water before they go into the
bay
Gray WaterGray water system is a series of unaccessible
pounds of fresh water plants which also work
as habitats in urban area
Rain WaterThe rain water system are ponds, infiltration
layers, filtration sand beds and freshwater
marshes which also work as parks, passages,
parking spaces and plazas.
Most of these units are under ground and
have to gather, treat
and recycle rain water.
functions other than
Function Programs and Eco-Restoration Projects“Urban Filtration” is a project composed by four different eco-restorationprojects and has many other function programs Besides water treatmentsystem.
Function Programs
Eco-Restoration Projects“
rain water
rain water can be recycled without further treatment
gra
y w
ate
r
bla
ck w
ate
r
over flow into the Bay
infiltration
ev
ap
ora
te
Ev
ap
ora
te
recycle
gray water system forms a network of undisturbed habitants
over flow into the Bay
marsh plant
oyster reefs
GRAY WATER SYSTEM
Sewage System
Water Treatment
Plants
gray water ponds unaccessible to public
filt
ra
tio
n
ma
rs
h p
lan
ts
gray water ponds increase in size and have better accessibility when water get cleaner
over flow within gray water system
RAIN WATER SYSTEM
slow the water current down
and help the forming of wetlands
oyster reefs
newly formed salt marsh
over flow within rain water system
over flow within rain water system
infiltration layers serve as passages or parking spaces
rain water ponds serve as parkssurface water
rain water
infiltration
minimum water level
CSO & WWTP OUTFLOW TREATMENT
RAIN WATER PONDS
GRAY WATER PONDS
FRESH MARSH PLANTS
OYSTER REEFS
SALT MARSH PLANTS
re
cy
cle
recycle
Morphology:
This diagram represents the shapes of this project. Thewater treatment eco-units: in-land, intertidal or underwater,are changing shapes from land to sea. The gray water unitsget larger when the water get cleaner. The rain water units,in order to fit themselves in the over developed urbansituation, are rectangular in shape at first, and then changeinto more organic shapes. The morphology of these units,is an architectural representation of the city gradually blendinto the bay ans different kinds of water gradually mixes witheach other and goes into the sea.
System Break Down:
This diagram shows how differentkinds of water goes through thesystem and get treated by etherrain water units, gray water unitsor oyster reefs.
The Urban Area:The rain water and gray water system has many differentfunctions in the urban area. It create green public spaces,utilize parking spaces as underground reservoirs, andcreate habitats for small creatures.Through the rain and gray water system, people in theurban area can feel the bay even without seeing it, and,have more concern about our eco system.
The Urban Area:A typical view of a rain water pound in urban area
Gray water channel hidden behind the trees
Filtration sand bed beneath parking spaces
Rain water pound, accessible for public
ma
rsh b
ed
fresh
wa
ter m
ars
hC
SO
& W
WT
Po
utflo
wg
ray w
ate
r po
nd
sfiltra
tion la
ye
rra
in w
ate
r po
nd
sp
ark
& p
layg
rou
nd
ele
va
ted s
tree
t
visitor center
administration
Streets are lifted from the groundso both citizens and animals can
go across the streets safely.
SECTION
always accessibleunaccessible only during severe stormsaccessibility varies with daily water quality monitering
The Water Park:At the estuary, the outflows of rain water system goes intoa large recreational park. Right next to this park is the placewhere the treated gray water and the WWTP out flow beingreleased into the channel.This water park is a working landscape where people canhave fun with the treated rain water, and watch the marshplants treating the rest of their waste water.
Accessibility:Accessibility of the parks and the ponds differs fromcleanness of the water in order to avoid citizens fromexposed to contaminated ponds. Basically, rain waterponds are always accessible, while gray water pondsare not.
gra
y w
ate
r po
un
d
gra
y w
ate
r po
un
d
gra
y w
ate
r po
un
d
ra
in w
ate
r po
un
d
ra
in w
ate
r po
un
d
ma
rs
h b
ed &
pla
nts
gray water pound
passage
storm reservoir / recreational area
Spring in the Park
Winter in the Park
The Water Park:
1
2
3
4
AB
ordinary water route
storm days water route
During the Storms:Normally, out-flows from gray water system and WWTP goesthrough pond 1~4 and get cleaner and cleaner before releasedinto the channel. Pond 1~4 have a combined capacity 2 timeslarger then daily WWTP out-flow (maximum depth 1.5~2 m).During the storm days, pond A and underground reservoir Bwill be used to help keeping the CSO water in site so that nountreated water will go into the bay. Pons 1~4 and A, B have acapacity to withstand three continuous days of averagethunder storm without letting untreated water into the channel.
Bay Area:In the bay area are oyster reefs restorationproject that helps forming wetlands.Considering the constant lost of wet landsin the Bay, I basically developed a “U” shapeartificial oyster reefs to slow down the out-going flows. By the method the oysters andthe marsh will have more time to clean thewater, and, the suspended particles caughtby the reefs are helpful in our course torestore the losing wet lands within the Bay.
surface current going out the Baywaterfront platform for big eventswater quality monitoring facilityartificial oyster reefsferry channelnewly formed wetlandmarina
Surface Current (out)
Live Oysters
Recycled Oyster Shells
Rocks/pebbles
Metal Cages
Piles
High Tide
Low Tide
CURRENT(OUT)
The growing direction of the reef
The Oyster Reefs
The ScreenAcademic project in GSAPP Columbia
Studio Critic: Frederic Levrat
Site Location: Amman, Jordan
The ScreenAcademic project in GSAPP Columbia
Studio Critic: Frederic Levrat
Site Location: Amman, Jordan
This project is an MOVING, INTERACTIVE SCREEN
that works as a REAL-WORLD DIGITAL AGORA and
a shaded park. Also, this project is designed to
host the annual JORDAN SHORT FILM FESTIVAL
and accommodate permanent structures such as
office and projection rooms for the film festival.
Inspired by the ARAB SPRING movement, this
project discusses the relationship between public
spaces, social network and interactive media.
Also, to explore the possibility of having a truly
interactive structure that brings the issue of
information sharing into another scale, and, how
that possible future may have its impact to our
cities
“The Screen” is:
And, it is about:
An agora and a public spaceA real-world cyber spaceA social network at a specific locationA film festival curated by the audience
Form, space and screenSocial networks and physical backgroundEvents, hosts and participantsImages, audiences and points of viewsPublic spaces, urban contexts and landscapeAugmented Reality
Internet, Traditional Media, Public Spaces and the Screen
After being fed up with TV and newspaper, people start to search for information on the
internet and go to public spaces to witness important events.
However, neither the mass media, the internet nor our public spaces can work alone as
an ideal information platform because they all have problems such as censorship on T.V.,
irresponsible information providers and flood of junk information on the internet, and,
difficulty to collect relevant information in all kinds of public spaces.
As in cases such as Arab Spring or Occupying Wall Street, we can see that exchanging
information between the internet and public spaces create a reciprocation that brings
some balance back to both internet and the public spaces. I came up with the idea of
having that kind of interaction built in to the information platform itself.
“The Screen” is a more direct approach: a combination of a digital agora and a public
space. It’s a real-world cyber-spaces where issues coordinate and compete with each
other for the right to be displayed toward the public. This project brings “sharing
information” into a different scale, thereby, addresses the issue of “who has the right to
be heard”, and arouse dialogs between the city, the public and digital information.
Internet
Traditional media
Public spaces
The screen
Source
Mostly locals
Unknown
Authority
Locals
Very limited
Hours
24-7
Daily
Scheduled
Unknown
Content
All
Digital
Digital
Vocal
Physical
Subjects
Local/not censored
Miscellaneous
Censored
Local
Who have the right to
provide information
Registered hosts with
a reasonable crowd
Everybody
Authorities
Locals
Responsibilities of
information providers
Some
Almost none
Huge
A little
Public Concern
By issues
By issues
Huge
By issues
Flood of irresponsible information
Addictive
Pleasure of being noticed
Pleasure of being anonymous
Censorship,
fixed time table
Difficult to find specific information
Very limited sources
Unpredictable times and contents
Internet
Traditional media
Public spaces
The screen
This Diagram shows the differences between
existing daily information sources of ours.
The Screen is trying to combine the
advantages of a public space and the internet
to create a new type of media the belongs to
neither governments nor major companies,
which runs as a public spaces of information,
images and sounds.
A real-world Digital Agora:In order to combine the functions of a digital agora
and a public space, the physical space must have
some ability to define the domains of each issues
physically, thereby, to coordinate between
subjects being shared and discussed within the
space. Luckily, modern computers can easily
simply by a well-programed camera.
I’m imagining the an interactive screen that
recognizes its audience in terms of events, hosts,
locations, types, scales and gestures of each
person, and, according to these dat, provides
digital contents to each event such as images,
sounds and texts.
Any host of an issue or an event should register to
the screen in order to be recognized as an event,
and, the screen will respond in real time according
to the geometrical type and size of the events.
When events move, the spatial settings move with
them.
recognizes people and modes of different
gatherings
This is a space recognizes events, hosts and scales
of events using cameras. This space responds to
events and give additional support such as larger
space, images or sounds. Authorized hosts can
move freely in this space and their spatial setting
shall follow them.
Through some setting, the events can be arranged
in orderly fashions such as multi-centered events
or deformed events.
Different types of events:Other then just another citizen, possible hosts
might include artists, merchant, protesters,
commercial, public welfare, religious, … as long
as they register to the space, and, have a smart
phone.
The space will also recognize different gestures
to better understand the flow, the direction and
condition of the crowd.
In Jordan Short Film Festival, the screen can
create a now type of viewing experiences of a
self-curated outdoor IMAX, Curators as Event
Hosts ; Audiences as Participants.
The way projectors assigned
to different events (films)
The use of Hyper Sonic Speakers
can avoid different sound tracks
from interfere with each other.
The physical scape of the audience can further
determine the space in detail.
In more complicated settings, the physical
scape can even suggest the center points, the
flow and the viewing angles of events.
Using half-transparent screens can bring in the
possibility of augmented reality, also, by having
the possibility of projecting outward it creates
a whole new dialog between events inside the
screen and the rest of the city.
And, by lowering the default position of the
screen, it is possible to create unaccessible
boundaries for events.
Structural Experiment of a Moving Screen:After some experiments, I found that I don’t necessarily
need a mega-structure that runs above everything.
Actually, if I control the angles of all cables that pull up
the screen with enough supporting points , the screen
will still have almost the same ability of transforming
and moving as I wanted.
View from the Mosque
View from the Citadel
The SiteThe site is located in the historical center of downtown
Amman, right next to the “first circle.” With a little help
from the hilly topography of Amman, this is a spot that can
be seen by most parts of downtown Amman. The site is
basically a slope as steep as 25~45 degrees -a good shape
of outdoor theaters, and, with a rich urban context. The
religious center of nearby area, an important mosque, is
located right below the site. Surrounding the mosque is a
very busy street and a market. Also, the most famous
tourist spots, the citadel and a roman theater, are also
within walking distance.
The Screen, the Audience and the LandscapeBasically, this project is composed by these three parts.
The screen bares most the digital information, the
landscape represents the situation of our physical world,
and, the audience sandwiches between these two to
plays the role of a public space combined with digital
agora.
The ScreenA moving tent structure supported by
20 mega-columns. The screen displays
digital contents, interact with its
viewers and provide suitable physical
forms for all issues(events) on display.
The AudienceThe Audience is a series of seats, stairs,
slopes and platforms that designed for
different kinds of events and viewing
experiences. A still, man-made structure
between the land scape and the moving
screen.
The LandscapeInside the small pockets between the
landscape and the audience are some
permanent structures such as the office,
a indoor projection room and some
service spaces.
The Screen
The Audience
The Landscape
The Audience: The Physical Scape of the AgoraPrograms, types of seats, circulation and viewing angles
Programs and Types of Seats
Viewing Angles
The Screen and Its ShapesThe screen is a moving, half transparent
tent structure that displays images. The
screen is hung evenly from cables
attached to 20 columns, and, because
all cables are controlled by computer,
the screen can change into various
shapes and interact with what ever
events beneath it.
Because the screen changes its shape by
being pulled up by cables, there will be a
lowest position for every points on the
screen. In order to determine that
default position, the diagram at the
right color coded the minimum heights
required by each area on the audience.
By that height study, we have the default
position (the lowest position) of the
screen.
The heart of the digital agora, in which
all people will be recognized by cameras
and activate the screen.
Each events or issues being displayed
onto the screen, should have at least one
host. This person should register to the
screen with a smart phone to control the
digital contents being displayed. The
screen will evaluate the scales and types
of events, recognize the center points
and change its shape.
Default Position
Sensing area:
The Event Hosts:
Minimum Heights
At some points, the default
height is lower than 1 meter
so that the I can create
unaccessible(private) boxes
by programing the screen
shape.
Default Position
Sensing Areas and Event Hosts
The “Ideological” ShapeAccording to ths crowd and the hosts
shown in this diagram, the “Ideal”
shape of the screen is like this: each
events has a dome of various size, the
rest of the screen is on default position.
How ever, this shape is relatively not
realistic for a tent structure. The tent
is pulled up evenly all over the screen,
but, is pulled down only in a few places
in order to keep the integrity of the
space under the screen.(The yellow
dots in this diagram)
Considering the structural issues and
tension of the tent structure, the “ideal”
shape is modified into this realistic
shape, and, this is hoe the screen is
going to look like.
The Structural Issue:
The Shape of the Screen
A Changing (Programable) ShapeAs the crowd moves, the screen changes its shape accordingly. Looking from a distance, the
project glows with different issues being displayed on the screen(01). Also, when one of the
issue gets hotter and hotter, the screen changes its shape and forms a more dramatic space
for that issue. (02) As in rendering 02, one of the issues have reaches the maximum height
the structure system allows, it forms a huge dome looks like a majestic mosque.
Besides the ordinary ways of form changing, the management can also release the shape
controlling program of the screen as an open resource so that the screen can have a specific
form as needed in some special events. The rendering 03 is one example of those shapes that
is designed to be seen form the rest of the city.
01
02 03
During the Day:Because of the lighting condition during the days, the screen basically provides texts and
line drawn contents during the days. Displayed in front of the view of real Amman, these
digital content can work as a piece of augmented reality. Beside the display of augmented
reality contents, the project also work as a park that provide green spaces to Amman..
During the Days01
02.
03.
.The Augmented reality in the digital agora. Displaying realtime news, guiding information of the city and shared text.
The scene below the audience, I created small pockets under the audiences to accommodate spaces like the café,
the service spaces, the shaded pedestrian streets and the office. All these spaces will be quite breezy comparing with
the rest of Amman because the screen will be moving.
In order to create a dialog between the screen, the audience and the landscape, there are holes on both the screen
and the audience. This move preserves existing trees on site and create chances for visitors to look at the scene above
the screen.
01
02 03
During the Nights (Digital Agora):During the nights, the project mainly works as a digital agora. People can
bring whatever subject to the site to be displayed, and, the crowd will
decide their volumes. There could be political discussions, digital arts,
commercials, and so on. And, when an issue start to get over-heated, it
grows and occupy the entire screen.
Jordan Short Film FestivalBesides the ordinary digital agora, the screen also hosts
the Jordan Short Film Festival. Unlike the scheduled film
festivals, this is a film festival curated by its audiences
and worked like a scene park. Curators, or the “event
hosts” register to the screen, pick a film from the list and
find a quiet corner, sit down and watch the film, and,
the screen will create an ideal out door IMAX screen for
each of them. (Using hyper sonic speakers to provide
sound tracks that will never interfere with each other).
The rest of the viewers, can walk around the site and join
any film as they like, or, go and register themselves as
curaters.
Occupying the Screen:Because the screen is half transparent, the projectors can project
images both inward and out ward. In case of a really important
issue, the crowd can go occupy the screen and make their
statement seen by half of Amman.
Coordinate Between EventsBecause the ideal location of the site, and the size of this project,
the screen can be used to coordinate different events in the city
such as new year parties, call-for-prayer, political gathering, and
so on.
Ways to do VibrancyAcademic project in GSAPP Columbia
Studio Critic: Markus Dochantschi
Site Location: Istanbul, Turkey
Collaborated with Tin-Yu Kao
Section Rendering
Ways to do VibrancyAcademic project in GSAPP Columbia
Collaborated with Tin-Yu Kao
Studio Critic: Markus Dochantschi
Site Location: Istanbul, Turkey
This project is an experimental method trying
to integrate the entire workflow from URBAN
PLANNING to ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN in order
to create true, well-programed vibrancy in
STREETS and PUBLIC SPACES.
“Ways to do Vibrancy” is a project which is
unique in its street-oriented planning method
and its experimental zoning-on-the-facades
technique. The combination of these two
methods creates STREETS and BUILDINGS
unlike any existing city, something totally new
and never be seen before.
One of our section model
Vibrancy on the Street:STREET VIBRANCY means that people are actually
using and to some degree, living in the streets.
VIBRANT, HIGH QUALITY STREETS are our best chance
to improve, to UTILIZE and to give IDENTITIES to our
over-crowded, globalized cities. The word ”Streets”
here refers to all streets, roads, plazas, parks and all
accessible public spaces.
All vibrant, but different:
All streets, no matter how similar with each other, are different.
Being the key to create truly vibrant street, these differences are
the source of IDENTITIES, of SENSE of BELONGING that make people
willing to spend time outside their doors, willing to USE, to maintain
and more important, to DESIGN and to IMPROVE the streets.
To create high-function, well-programed streets, one could not
have the energy to design every details on all streets, therefore,
in order to do so, one must start with a method that creates variety
and yet have a certain degree of control of it. In other words, the
streets must be zoned and programed.
Hierarchies, Connections and Distances of Streets
Street types, guidelines of generating the streets and test on the site.
Programs and Zonings of Streets
Types, widths, mix-used streets and green areas.
Massing and Zonings of Buildings
Heights, set-backs and the “zoning-on-facade” method
Public Spaces and Infrastructures
Locations and densities
Design of the Streets and Buildings
What would our city looks like
Our method in this project:In this project, we are testing an experimental approach as
illustrated above. An integrated work flow from URBAN PLANNING
to ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN.
What we did is basically transfer our thoughts into design guidelines,
test them on site and analysis the out-come while revise the design
guidelines if necessary.
Hierarchy, Accessibility and
Characters of StreetsHierarchy creates difference of accessibility, which
create sense of belonging and thereby gives identities
to all streets, encourages people to use them, and,
creates vibrancy.
In this project, we defined 3 types of streets by their
accessibility (as shown in the diagram on the left) as
the start point.
Guideline #01-1:
Types & Connections#01-1 describes street TYPES,
rules of CONNECTIONS and basic
CHARACTERS of each types of
Streets.
Basically, “A” streets connect to
“B” streets, “B” streets connect
to “C” streets and “C streets” do
NOT connect to “A” streets.
And, for the distances, You can’t
have an “A” street goes without
any joints or intersections for
more than 400m. Can’t have a
“B” goes for more than 200m and
can’t have a “C” goes more than
100m.
The characters of all 3 kinds of
streets are as the diagram at the
previous page. Being more
specific, “A” streets have more of
their width dedicated to
transportation.
A Class Roads
B Class Roads
C Class Roads
Tra
ns
po
rta
tio
n
Stre
et
Liv
es
Se
ns
e o
f B
elo
nin
g
Ac
ce
ss
ibilit
y
Re
sid
en
ce
s
Pu
blic
/ Re
gio
na
l
Street types and accessibility in Istanbul
SITE
Important Distances
Around the SiteAfter having the types of streets,
we started to research for the
right distances to help build our
grid system.
Our site, is an abandoned navy
ship yard located in an industrial
district near on the other bank of
Istanbul’s historical center.
Looking into average distances
between public TRANSPORTATION
stops and community MOSQUES,
we came up with two numbers:
400M for public transportation
and 200M for community forming.
Distance of Public Transportation: 400M
400M
Distance of Community Forming: 200M
A_R B_R C_RA_R_Start
A_R_End
B_R_Start
B_R_End
C_R_Start
C_R_End
A_Road B_Road C_Road
A_R_S
A_R_E
B_R_S
B_R_E
C_R_S
C_R_E
A_Joint B_Joint C_Joint
Site Boundry
VT > 8m
Maximum distances <400m
*VT= Net width used for vehicles or transportation*Maximum distance: Maximum distance without any joints or intersections
4m > VT
Maximum distances <100m
8m > VT > 4m
Maximum distances <200m
20
0m
40
0m
10
0m
Ty
pe
s
All
po
ssib
le c
on
ne
cti
on
s
De
sc
riptio
ns
Example #01-1Following #01-1's descriptions of street TYPES,
CONNECTIONS and Distances, there the streets
should form a network as shown as the right.
#01-1 does not control the form or shape of the
street system, therefore, there can be geometric
forms or organic forms, but, these street system
will still have the characters, the hierarchy system
and the similar density as described before.
Testing #01-1-01 ~ #01-1-09:After having guideline#01-1, we tested it on
site, first we identify the entrance points of
the site, and, step by step, we added
knowledge into our grid system such as
TOPOGRAPHY, PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT,
SCALES of DEVELOPMENT, TRANSPORTATION,
and so on. After running these tests, we have
our finalized grid system.
Access Points
Topo
Wind Corridor
Watershed
Urban Fabric
#01-4: Minimum Block Sizes
Creating reasonable block shapes fordevelopment.
#01-1: Free
#01-2: Looping C-streets
Looping C-streets can increases the flowof all C-streets and prevent dead ends.
#01-3: Efficient block-divisions
Getting rid of redundant small alleys.
#01-5: Topography:
Having more efficiency in transportation andarranging building sites.
#01-6:
Having fresh air on streets and make it easierto arrange the sewage/water supply system.
Wind and Water
#01-7:
Make connection to existing urban fabric.Improve the existing disconnected water frontsituation.
Urban Fabric
Twisted Grid
Sun Exposure
Views on Streets
#01-8: Twisted Grid
Use this twisted grid to simplify the geometryof the road system and have more a efficientshape.
#01-9
Make sure enough of our streets have sunshineand view.
Sun Exposure and View
Our Finalized Grid:After running all these tests,
1. Hierarchies
2. Transportation
3. Forming of communities
4. Site conditions
we have considered
these in our road system:
: Type , and
:
.
.
:
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
.
A
400-200m distance of public transportation
B C
Access Points
200-100m distance of neighborhoods
Minimum block sizes
Efficient way to divide blocks
Topography
Exist urban fabric
5. Physical environment
Wind corridor / Water shed
Sun exposure / View
Streets Need to be Zoned:
Street Programs:
After having the shape of the grid, our
streets still need to be programed and
zoned in order to be designed and
everybody can profit from it.
After studying the programs and their
portions of the streets in Istanbul, we
identified 6 different groups of street
programs as listed.
Tra
ns
po
rta
tio
n Pe
de
stria
n
Mix
ed
Pe
de
stria
n
Gre
en M
ixe
d G
re
en
Tra
ns
it
GovernmentGet investment on building streets
Get help on maintaining and managing streets
Rent income
Users / VisitorsUse the streets
Developers / OwnersHave a chance to control the quality of streets
Have a chance to own the streets
Streets in IstanbulStreet Programs
Guidelines #02-1: Street ProgramsAfter the studies of street programs, we start writing guidelines to control
the syntax in which we assemble street programs. We drew two diagrams to
explain some basic rules of street programs such as PEDESTRIANs should not
be sandwiched between two TRANSPORTATIONs, TRANSITs must have direct
connections to both TRANSPORTATION and PEDESTRIAN... and so on.
Testing #02-1
Guideline #02-2: Zoning the Streets:
And, we drew a series of streets, vertical
streets and intersections to test our design
guidelines, and, to find a way to ZONE THE
STREETS efficiently. We came up with Guide
line #02-2: “All streets should be zoned in 4
different characters: TYPE of street, WIDTH,
percentage of MIX-USED programs and
percentage of GREEN area.
All streets should be zoned by:
1. which refers to the and types we
talked about in guideline #01
2. The minimum total width of street, including
double-deckers or vertical streets.
3. programs:
programs refers to and
in guideline #02-1.
4. refers to
and in guideline
#02-1
( & )
TYPES, “A,”
MIX-USED
MIXED PEDESTRIAN
“B” “C”
WIDTH:
Percentage of MIX-USED
”MP”
MIXED
GREEN “MG”
Percentage of GREEN AREA: GREEN AREA
MIXED GREEN ( & “MG”)GREEN ”G”
Testing #02-2: Trying to Zone the Streets on SiteAccording to our guideline #02-2, all streets should be zoned by their TYPES, WIDTHS,
MIX-USED programs and GREEN area.
Because the street types (which we already have) are trying to give characters to streets,
the widths should further enhance these characters. A-streets are more about traffics,
therefore, a simple analysis of traffic flow can determine the proper width of all A-
streets. While, C-streets are more for those who live in the neighborhoods, so the widths
of C-streets should reflect the size and population of each blocks.
Testing #02-2-01: Street Width
Traffic / VisitorsLocal Street Lives
AccessibilityBlock Size
“A” Roads“C” RoadsB Roads: mediating between A and C
A-Streets: Flow and Street WidthBy Investigating into the site’s access points,
possible public transportation and traffic flow
around the site, we quickly drew this diagram
and use it to guide our width of all A-streets.
C-Streets: Block SizesWidths of our C-streets are determined by block
sizes, service ranges and anticipated population.
B-Streets: FlexibleWe use the B-street to mediate between “A” and
“C” to allow some flexibility of design and planning.
Testing #02-2-02: Green AreaAll streets are Zoned by minimum amount of GREEN or MIXED GREEN programs
(the and programs in guideline #02-1)“G” “MG”
Existing Green Area
Existing Green Area
Forming the eco-connection
between land and waterfront
These streets, as studied in Test
#01-1, have a considerable degree
of sun exposure, fresh air and view
of the river, and, are more suitable
for recreational uses and green
areas.
Percentage:
The percentage shown here controls
the minimum area of that part of
streets covered by GREEN or MIXED
GREEN programs.
Actual G+MG Area
Minimum Street Width
And, for 50% is a rather large
portion, our zoning force many
streets into double-deckers.
x100%
Testing #02-2-03: Mix-Used ProgramsAll streets are Zoned by minimum amount of MIXED
PEDESTRIAN or MIXED GREEN programs (the
and programs in guideline #02-1). In this testing,
we are generating another zoning map which controls
the minimum area of all MIX-USED programs on the
streets.
In order to do so, we started with a study of distances
and connections between HYPOTHETICAL ATTRACTION
POINTS which locate at all CORNERS and the WATER
FRONT.
The result of this connection study is a network that
get denser at potentially busy or important locations.
By the out come of our connection study, we drew a
zoning map of MIX-USED programs.
Study of Potential Connections
“MP”
“MG”
Connections, 000m~050m
Connections, 050m~100m
Connections, 100m~150m
Connections, 150m~200m
Connections, All
Zoning Map of Mix-Used ProgramsLike the green area zoning, the zoning of MIX-
USED programs is presented by a series of
percentages which controls the minimum
amount of MIX-USED programs according to
the minimum width of that street.
Actual MP+MG Area
Minimum Street Widthx100%
From Streets to Buildings: Massing and ZoningStreets need buildings. In most cases, buildings have more power to define a
street than the street itself. Therefore, we must have control of the buildings to
support the street vibrancy we are trying to create here. To support diverse life-
styles we create on the streets, the massing and zoning of buildings should be
determined accordingly by the characters of the street in front of it. We decided
to do the zoning on the building facades, because, FACADES ARE THE INTERFACE
BETWEEN STREETS AND BUILDINGS.
Guideline #03-1: How to Guide the Zoning of the
Buildings According to the Street Zoning
Street TYPES
Percentage of GREEN
Percentage of MIXED-USE
determines
determines
determines
Building Heights
Set-backs / Programs on the Top
Programs on the Street Level
Street Types Determines the Buildings’ Heights:
The GREEN Zoning Determines the Set-backs and
Programs on Top of Buildings:
Types of the streets (the A, B and C types in #01-1) refers to accessibility
and transportation. Generally, A-streets are capable to serve a greater
population and with their advantage of conveniences in transportation,
they are more likely to become business of commercial streets and have
greater density of buildings.
The heights at the corner are combined number with all roads intersect
at that corner, therefore, an intersection of two A roads generate a 50m-
high façade,… etc.
The GREEN zoning is more about physical environment, sun, wind, air,
water, view and is about out-door, healthy, eco-friendly, recreational
atmospheres. Therefore THE GREEN ZONING is a perfect guide of
building set-back.
The skyline of a city is, another chance we have to create green area for
the environment’s sake, for recreational use or for delightful city scape.
In this project, we also use the GREEN ZONING of the streets to guide
our upper part of city, for we find it’s quite relevant.
What in here is a specific mixture of programs we called “THE
PROPORTION ABOVE”, which is a certain proportion of mixtures of
different programs designed to have more open space, better air
circulation, better lighting condition and less dense. Such as larger
residential units, open spaces, recreational and cultural uses along with
small units of restaurants, retails and service.
A Roads generate 30m-high façades along them
B Roads generate 20m-high facades alone them
C Roads generate 10m-hifh facades alone them
G + MG on Street
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Set-back Angles
+30 degrees
+20 degrees
+10 degrees
+-0 degrees
-10 degrees
Programs on Top
50% of total height
40%
30%
20%
10%
50%
40%
40%
The MIXED-USE Percentage Determines the Building’s
Program on the Street Level:Again, PROPORTION STREET-LEVEL is a certain proportion of mixtures of
different programs designed to have more vibrancy, more diversity and
more dense while considering the concept of different time during a days.
And, the rest of the buildings are zoned as “PROPORTION MIDDLE”, which
designed to accommodate required residences and offices.
MP + MG on Street
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
Proportion Street-Level
50% of total height
40%
30%
20%
10%
About Our Programs in Buildings:As said above, all our programs are mix-used proportions fo different characters, and, to further create
vibrancy, we did a simple study about the vibrant hours of different land uses. According to that study,
we designated programs into the 3 different mixtures of zoning,
Commercial: 5%
Residential: 30%
Open Spaces / Void: 60%
Office: 5%
Proportion: Above
Proportion: Middle
Residential: 50%
Open Spaces / Void: 40%
Office: 11%
Proportion: Street LevelCommercial: 45%
Residential: 30%
Open Spaces / Void: 20%
Office: 5%
50%
Commercial: 5%
Residential: 30%
Open Spaces / Void: 60%
Office: 5%
Proportion: Above
Proportion: Middle
Residential: 50%
Open Spaces / Void: 40%
Office: 11%
Proportion: Street LevelCommercial: 45%
Residential: 30%
Open Spaces / Void: 20%
Office: 5%
WEEK DAYSHOURS OF VIBRANCY EVENINGS
COMMERCIAL
HOLIDAYS NO EFFECT
RESTAURANTS
RETAILS
DAILY SERVICES
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
OFFICE OFFICE
ENTERTAINMENT
RESIDENTTIAL STUDIOS
SMALL UNITS
MID-SIZE UNITS
LARGE UNITS
PUBLIC/OPEN GREEN
EVENTS
CULTURAL
GROUP 01: VIBRANT ALL-TIME
GROUP 02: EVENING/HOLIDAYS
GROUP 03: NO EFFECT
GROUP 04: DEAD AT NIGHT
And, besides the ZONING-ON-THE-FACADE method,we also took some other strategies to create vibrancy.1. Force some of the GROUP 04 programs combine with
GROUP 02 programs to avoid these area to becomeoverly-quiet during evenings and holidays.
2. Force all GROUP 04 programs to leave the street level.
Testing #03, Massing and Zoning of BuildingsSo, We tested our massing and zoning tools on site and thereby,
we got our first version of our master plan.
The Massing of our BuildingsThis massing model DOES NOT MEAN THE ACTUAL FORM of our
design, so, it should not be regarded as our master plan. It is,
more like a REGULATION thing, a 3D model that controls the
maximum volume of this project.
Building Heights by
Street TypesWe calculated heights at every
corners. As seen in this diagram,
the highest point of our project
is located at the center of our site,
where we have 3 A-streets run
into each other and created a
nearly 100-meters high massing.
Set-Back Angles by GREEN Zoning
The Zoning of our BuildingsThis model shows how we were trying to apply our zoning-on-facade
method on to our massing model. The RED, GREEN and ORANGE colors
refer to the different proportions of programs we talked about in the
last page (guideline #03). And, some other colors in this rendering
show the different types of infrastructures and public spaces we will
talk about later in guideline #04.
How the RED on facade reflect the RED on streets
How the buildings open-up accordingly to the GREEN zoning on streets
Guideline #04-1, Public Spaces and InfrastructuresAlso, It is quite handy to use the STREET ZONING to guide the design and location
of infrastructures, In this project, we put all infrastructures into 3 categories:
1. Public facilities that need specific locations such as schools or hospitals
2 Infrastructures which should be integrated into networks and work together.
3. Infrastructures that need to be evenly distributed in site with a certain density.
.
SCHOOL
HOSPITAL
CULTURAL CENTER WATER FRONT
A Joints At least *1
B Streets At least *1
C Streets
MP <30%
A Joints At least *1
A Streets At least *2
WATER FRONT
WATER FRONT
MP <30%
MP <30%
C Streets
A Joints At least *1
A Streets At least *2
C Streets
MP >30% G+MG >30%
MP >30% G+MG >30%
Group 01,School, Hospital and Cultural Center
Facilities need to be located somewhere
Schools:Schools don’t need to be at the water front because the waterfront, is supposed to
be a vibrant and noisy place by setting. And, a schools should br next to at least an
so that it’ll have public transportation. And, the school should be next to a
which’s is less then 30%, therefore, the school will have
a street quiet enough to place its classrooms. Schools should not next to
because do not have enough capacity to handle the traffic in rush hours.
A-joint
MIX-USED ZONINGB-street
C-streets
C-streets
HospitalsHospital need quiet for emergency reasonsA-streets
Cultural Center:Cultural center need vibrancy, therefore, the water front is quite
suitable. with more than 30% of both
and can support Cultural Centers quite well in terms
of traffic, vibrancy and high quality open spaces.
A-STREETS MIX-USED ZONING
GREEN ZONING
PUBLIC SERVICES
BUS ROUTES
Transportation
Come with Bus Stops A Joints At least*13 (½ of all)
Stop at all PUBLIC SERVICE STATIONS A Joints At least*16 (2/3 of all)
Come with Bus Stops A Joints At least*6 (½ of AJs on boundery)
Group 02:Public Services, Bus Routes and Tronsportation*PUBLIC SERVICES here refers to police, post offices, fire service and so on....
Relationship with each other
What kind of streets do they need
What density do they need
PARKS LARGE
MID-SIZE
SMALL
EMERGENCY
A Streets B Streets
C Streets
MP >30% G+MG >30%or
B Joints
C Joints
At least*2 (½ of all)
At least*4 (½ of all)
1
C Joints All of them Must connect to A Streets
Group 03:Parks and Emergency
What kind of streets do they need
What density do they need
Additional Requirements
Emergency:“EMERGENCY” here refers to operation spaces of fire
trucks and ambulances, which should be located at all
because a means a dead end of a
so, there will be an EMERGENCY space at all C-joints which
connected to a nearest
C-Joints C-joint C-street
A-street.
School
Hospital
Park (Large)
Cultural Center
Transportation
Transportation / Public Service
Transportation / Public Service
Park
Emergency
#04-2, Water Front Conditions and Street ZoningIn #04-2, we tried to make deign decisions on the water front according to
our street zoning. The basic idea is the guides the softness
of the edge and the guides the areas that allow human
activities and possible temporary structures.
GREEN ZONING
MIX-USED ZONING
The width of wetlands and soft edges are guidedby the on the river-side street.GREEN ZONING
Wetlands, inter-tidal areas or soft edges
The range of human activities and the areas that allowtemporary or floating structures are determined by the
on the riverside street.MIX-USED ZONING
Area of possible human activities.
From Zoning to Architectural DesignAfter all the planning and zoning, we start imagining the architectural scale on site.
After a quick testing, we found that our zoning method have great influence to our
buildings in 3 major ways:
01. Buildings Sculptured by Zoning ModelThe diagrams on the right show hoe the zoning model sculptures
the buildings into diverse and dynamic forms.
02. A 3-dimensional Network of Public and Semi-publc SpacesBecause of our strategy of three different mixtures pf programs (PROPORTION ABOVE, STREET-LEVEL and MIDDLE in guideline #03),this
project forms a three dimensional network of public and semi-public spaces in the intermediate levels between different programs.
03 Buildings Dialog with each Other Across Streets.We zoned our buildings on the facades, and, according to the streets these facades are facing.
Therefore, all the buildings have to dialog with the one across the street in terms of both form
and function.
Commercial: 5%
Residential: 30%
Open Spaces / Void: 60%
Office: 5%
Proportion: Above
Proportion: Middle
Residential: 50%
Open Spaces / Void: 40%
Office: 11%
Proportion: Street LevelCommercial: 45%
Residential: 30%
Open Spaces / Void: 20%
Office: 5%
WEEK DAYSHOURS OF VIBRANCY EVENINGS
COMMERCIAL
HOLIDAYS NO EFFECT
RESTAURANTS
RETAILS
DAILY SERVICES
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
OFFICE OFFICE
ENTERTAINMEN
RESIDENTTIAL STUDIOS
SMALL UNITS
MID-SIZE
LARGE UNITS
PUBLIC/OPEN GREEN
EVENTS
CULTURAL
GROUP 01: VIBRANT ALL-TIME
GROUP 02: EVENING/HOLIDAYS
GROUP 03: NO EFFECT
GROUP 04: DEAD AT NIGHT
And, besides the ZONING-ON-THE-FACADE method,we also took some other strategies to create vibrancy.1. Force some of the GROUP 04 programs combine with
GROUP 02 programs to avoid these area to becomeoverly-quiet during evenings and holidays.
2. Force all GROUP 04 programs to leave the street level.
Guideline #05, How to Mix Programs in BuildingsAs in GUIDELINE #03 and the diagram derived from #03 (above), all our programs in buildings are
mixtures of different proportions with specific considerations. These guidelines will control the
total density of the project and will define the overall strategies briefly. However, we still need
more detailed instructions to finish this project in architectural scale, therefore, we did GUIDE
LINE #05 to explain how the programs mix in our buildings.
Reminder of Guideline #03:At the end of GUIDELINE #03, we talked about how to
mix all programs in buildings to create maximum
vibrancy while still have control to the over-all density
of the site.
Can’t have residential units above this unit in a certain heightExceptions of the no-housing regulation
At least (1,2,3...) sides of this unit should connect to the streets
At least (1,2,3...) sides of this unit should face the streetsAt least (1,2,3...) sides of this unit should face green or void areas
Explainations
An Example Mixture of Guideline #05
Testing #05, How to Mix Programs in BuildingsWe’ve selected a few blocks to exam GUIDELINE #05. By adding programs
by programs as shown at the left, we did these blocks by carrying out all
guidelines without any modification to see the direct result of our methods.
Commercial
Residential, Small
Office
Residential, large
Circulation and Public
Commercial
Office
Residential, Small
Residentical, Large
Results and AnalysisAfter the design was done, we started to draw some analysis drawings to
further understand the potential and weakness of our method.
Vibrancy Chart
Green Areas
Programs
The red areas marked in these renderings represent
programs that generate vibrancy in the buildings or on the
streets. For example, the in Guideline #02 and
in Guideline #05
Besides the red colors, we managed to estimate vibrancy
at particular locations such as every corners.
The green color in these drawings show programs that
provide green areas to the city, public or private. These
programs include the in guideline #02,
and in Guideline #04, units
in Guideline #05
And in some drawings, we color coded all interior or
exterior programs to understand how our buildings and
public spaces work.
MP,
commercials
MG
Large Residential
G and MG Parks
Emergencies
EVENTS
INFRASTRUCTURE
OPEN SPACE
BUILDING PROGRAM
STREET PROGRAM
TRANSPORTATION
DENSITY
OFFICE
RESIDENTIAL LARGE
RESIDENTIAL MID-SIZE
CULTURAL
COMMERCIAL/RENTALSCHOOL
GREEN
PUBLIC SERVICE
CULTURAL CENTER
MIXED/COMMERCIAL
TRANSIT
BUS ROUTE
Results and AnalysisAfter the design was done, we started
to draw some analysis drawings to
further understand the potential and
weakness of our method.
Building Zoning #03
EV
EN
TS
INF
RA
ST
RU
CT
UR
E
OP
EN
SP
AC
E
BU
ILD
ING
PR
OG
RA
M
ST
RE
ET
PR
OG
RA
M
TR
AN
SP
OR
TA
TIO
N F
LO
W
DE
NS
ITY
SCHOOL
GREEN
PUBLIC SERVICE
CULTURAL CENTER
MIXED/COMMERCIAL
TRANSIT
BUS ROUTE
STREET TYPE
GREEN AREA
MIXED AREA
B
40%
50%
STREET TYPE
GREEN AREA
MIXED AREA
A
50%
50%
STREET TYPE
GREEN AREA
MIXED AREA
A
40%
40%
STREET TYPE
GREEN AREA
MIXED AREA
A
40%
30%
STREET TYPE
GREEN AREA
MIXED AREA
A
40%
50%
Proportion Above
Proportion Middle
Proportion Street Level
Street Zoning by #02
Vibrancy Study by #03 & #05
Street Programs by #02 & #03
Some Other Sections
and Renderings
Street Programs from another Angle
A Section Through the Park (Street programs and Public Spaces)
Sequence Study of the Long Section
Visualizations and Fabrications in ColumbiaMax and Vray: Company Cafeteria in Ditzingen
Parametric Modeling by Revit: Origami Facade
Stainless Steal Mockup: Acupuncture
CNC Router and Master Cam X: Stretch Shelf
Grasshopper and 3ds Max: The Seed Cathedral
Company Cafeteria in DitzingenSome of my at GSAPP Columbia
Modeling: Rhino, 3ds Max
Rendering: Vray for Max
Post Production: Photoshop, After Effect
renderings
Renderings Using 3ds Max and VrayModeling: Rhino, 3ds Max
Rendering: Vray for Max
Post Production: Photoshop, After Effect
Project: Company Cafeteria in Ditzingen
Render 01: Foggy Forest
Render 03: Interior Noon Render 04: Interior Sunset
Render 05: Exterior Night Render 06: Sunrise Roof
OrigamiAn academic project in GSAPP Columbia
Exploring the possibility of Revit as parametric modeler
Simulating the pattern of a folding paper
Origami“Origami” is a project try to represent the pattern of a
folding paper. Using Revit as primary tool, the project
explores the way to materialize origami pattern into
building facade while exploring the possibility of using
Revit for parametric design. The digital model we develop
not only represents the origami pattern convincingly, it
also respond to changes such as size and shape.
The family unit and the whole model was developed in
Revit with parameters (formulas) represent the pattern
of a folding paper. The project model built by Revit, has
parameters that fit the origami pattern into all free form
surfaces. The physical model was made by a 3D printed
frame and a real folding paper.
OrigamiOur study of the pattern of a folding paper
The project model in revit
The Family
The Project
The Physical Mode
The family shows the smallest unit of this
Origami Facade. To represent the folding
pattern, this family model contents a series
of formulas that control the over all thickness
of the folded surface. There are 4 highest
points located on the 4 edges of the unit,
the height of these points are controlled
by the length of the edge, therefore, when
the unit get smaller, these points get higher,
just like the folded papers. The rest of this
family will form a space truss.
After applying the family model we
developed onto any surface, that surface
will become a representation of the origami
paper. By controlling the shape of the
surface and the ways that surface being
divided, we can have all kinds of our
“Origami facade.” The elevation at the left
shows how the individual units change
their shapes when the over-all facade
changes.
This model was made by a 3D-printed
space frame a and a real folded paper.
Acupuncture
Academic project, GSAPP Columbia
1:1 mockup using stainless steal
A Collaborated Work with Richard Phan / Prathyusha Viddam
Image: Lighting Test on a 1/4 Scale Prototype, Noon Panel
12PM Panel
10AM Panel
04PM Panel
Winter
Summer
4P
M
10
AM
Acupuncture, 2011, NYCwhen I was in GSAPP Columbia
Acupuncture is an alternative medicine treats patients by manipulating needles in human bodies.
This project, “Acupuncture,” is an add-on screen system on an existing building facade that
represents the idea of acupuncture where the interior is treated as the body and the sunlight as
needles in the right positions.
Using , we designed “Acupuncture” sun screen panels with the focus on the
redirection and manipulation of light, the intent is to create a screen that is perceived as both an
ornamental light screen from the street level and functional light texture on the interior. Through
the treatment of the building as a body and the screen as the skin, sunlight is punctured the screen
at strategic relief point to control light within the space. The redirected light from the punctures
will then serve as display lighting for products displayed.
Stainless Steal
A Collaborated Work with Richard Phan / Prathyusha Viddam
Noon Panel
10AM Panel
04PM Panel
Mockups and Lighting TestsIn order to make sure the structure and the lighting effects
works as we wanted, we made a full size mockup and put it
on a window very much like the angle on the site and tested
the lighting effects at different times
This photo was took around 10am in a cloudy day, when our
10am panel and our noon panel were catching light from
exterior and our 4pm panel was blocking all the daylight.
Stretch ShelfA Collaborated Work with: Fei Hu / YooJin Jang / Xiaoming Zhan
Academic project in GSAPP Columbia
.
Changing Shapes:The Stretch Shelf changes its shape according to
the ways in which it is deployed or loaded.
Modeling
Fabrication, Assembly and Connection Details
Stretch Shelf, 2011A Collaborated Work with: Fei Hu / YooJin Jang / Xiaoming Zhang
This is a shelf that stretches to adapt itself into all kinds of space,
to have different shapes and to visualize the weights of whatever
objects being put on it. Made by plywood and elastic connections,
this shelf could be deployed quickly and easily for everyday uses.
Rendering of the Seed Cathedral3ds Max / Rhino / Grasshopper
Rendering: The Seed Cathedral3ds Max / Rhino / Grasshopper
Projects Before Columbia:Built Projects: Wenshan Dist. Apartment
Built Projects: Huangxi St Residents / Bali Apartment
2nd International Architectural Biennale Rotterdam: Ocean of TW -from NoWhere to NowHere
Taiwan New Landscape Movement Exhibition:
Under Graduate Design Thesis: The School of A Hundred Thoughts
Shezi Isle Water Community
Wenshan Dist. ApartmentBuilt Project, Taipei, Taiwan, 2007
Height: 35.35m (11 floors above / 4 floors under ground)
Total Floor Area: 10158.31
Structure Type RC
Program: Residence, 50units
㎡
:
We
nsh
an
Dis
t. Ap
artm
en
t
SIT
E
The school that was canceled
The residential area that is too steep
to be developed
The market place that is actually a cliff
The roads which can’t be built
The remote corner where no business could survive
Residential area
How the original urban plan fails in this area
<According to the combination of all the laws
and codes, the maximum volume should be in
the shape very much like a roughly sliced cake.
Still 20% short in required FAR, and, there
would be no chance we can create reasonable
living units plan in that shape.
After two years of struggle, We came to an >
agreement with a 11 stories apartment.
<Our proposal to the committee of control of urban design: to loosen the
in the regional codes of urban design, so we can build a
14 stories apartment with much better physical environment
The volume & the restrictions
21m height limit
Preserved area for sidewalk, local urban plan
Insulation zone of disasters, codes
of urban design in mountain
areas, Taipei City
Height limit from primary road, central
law of construction, Taiwan
Height limit from secondary road, municipal law, Taipei
21m height limit, regional
codes of urban design
out-of-
date urban plan
Unfortunately, they didn’t notice the gradient of local topography
A reckless urban plan
The extra high FAR and extra strict regulation
The site has the highest FAR in this region.
because, according to this
, it’s the only place that allows commercial use in the entire
area. -That is, ironically, exactly why this neighborhood is so quiet. The original
thought of the government is simple: they put an elementary school, a market
place and some commercial together to create the center of this area.
, so, it ends
up that the school, the market and even the roads were canceled because the
land is too steep, and, the commercial spot, our site, becomes the most remote
corner of the region that no business can survive there.
As above mentioned, the site has extra high FAR then, However, it also locates in
announced mountain region and as the result, we were forced to apply a set of
extra strict regulations of hill-top residential in into our design. Unfortunately,
under that kind of restriction, it is impossible to meet the maximum FAR which
our client demanded. To increase the volume of the project, we put the case
onto the asked for an
alternative solution, and, after two years of struggle, the committee remit us
from the height control.
Naturally, the client demand the
maximum volume, which, is no easy task,
Committee of Consideration & Control of Urban Design,
To coordinate the roof style with the height of the building.The regional codes of urban design demands all roofs in the neighborhood must be slopes at with a uniform
ratio between 2 ~ ½. This won’t be a problem for other buildings because most of them are no more than 5
stories high, but, since we are designing a 35m high apartment, the proportion of the elevation might be a
little awkward with a roof like that. To coordinate with the height, we decided to merge the style of gambrel
roof and mansard roof.
Wenshan Dist. ApartmentTaipei, Taiwan, 2007
its a real estate project located in the suburban
area of Taipei City. It is an
Height: 35.35m (11 floors above / 4 floors under ground)Total Floor Area: 10158.31Structure Type RCProgram: Residence, 50units
Wenshan Dist Apt is a built project I took charge of in myprevious job.
award winning project (Outstandingdesign and planning, Chinese Golden Stone Award, 2008),and, it is a certified “green building.” (Certification NO.CGB1702, Taiwan Architecture & Building Center, 2007,for: 1.Energy saving. 2.Water saving. 3.Wastes processing.4.Greening)
My position in this project: Project Leader
What I did: Schematic design / Design development /Architecture permit application / Green building codeevaluation / Detail design / Design drawings /Working drawings,... etc.,
㎡
:
A Giant House:To mix in to the landscape of green hills and suburban residences,
we decided that all features of high rise buildings must be
neutralized. Therefore, we came up with the idea of the giant
house. Through carefully adjusted geometric proportion, the
apartment looks more like a huge house.
Looks smaller from front(from the road):The hill in front of the site is
steep. To avoid uncomfortable feeling created by the height of the
building, the eastern part of the building is smaller.
art of the building is a story lower.
Section A A
A’
A
Detail designs at the car entrance, 1/200
Detail designs alone side walk, 1/200
Details on the roofs, walls,
and penthouse,
This project require lots of detail design,especially at the roofs, Although Most of theobjects are unified, the contractors had to buildthese parts in wet construction RC structure andthe unified objects can’t save them much effort.
Considering the quality of the construction, wewere afraid about the water-proof layer might fail,and, we gave up some details of the roof.Therefore, the actual building will be a little bitdifferent from the drawings here.
Details of gazebo,
7th floor.
Details at main entrance
Some Other Built Projects:Some more projects that I was temporarily in charge in my previous job.
Huangxi St. Residences
Bali Apartment
Huangxi St. ResidencesA 9 stories residential building for 17 units, 2007, Taipei City, Taiwan
My position in this project: Project leader, Sep-Nov 2007
My contribution in this project: Development of architecture planes /
architectural code consultant / architecture permit application
Some Other Built Projects:Some more projects that I was temporarily in charge in my previous job. Bali Apartment
A 26 stories apartment, Bail Township, Taipei County, Taiwan, 2007 ~ still in progress
Award Winning Project (Chinese Golden Stone Award for Architecture -for out standing
design and planning, 2008, Taiwan)
My position in the project: Project Leader, Mar-May 2007
My contribution in this project: Development of the plan and types of units
Ocean of Taiwan: From NoWhere to NowHere
A government funded researchproject that went to the
in yearA and an
Guest Curator:My contribution of the project: I ledthe student research team andwrote the first Chinese version of allessays in this project.
2nd
International Architectural
Biennale Rotterdam 2005,
publication interactive
installation.
J.M. Lin Architect.
Ocean of Taiwan: From NoWhere to NowHereThe project was originally a studio directed by J.M. Lin Architect, a guest instructors in the Institute ofArchitecture, NCTU., and . After Lin was
, he also brought our project toand eventually, “The Ocean of TW” became a government
funded research project executed by Lin himself, a PM from Lin’s office and a team of 8 graduatestudents, and,
“The Ocean of TW” is a research project trying to give a full diagnose ofaround Taiwan and the possible behind the strange
phenomena. It is really weird that Taiwanese residents treat their coast line that way: Beaches areisolated from towns and full of garbage; Fishing ports are empty with neither boats nor fishes;Nuclear reactors, incinerators, high-ways, military stations, dams and highly polluting factories areall around Taiwanese coast line despite the fact that Taiwan is an island highly dependant on theocean. unlike other Islanders around the world, Taiwanese treats their ocean like it is ugly and no onewants to go there.
To inquiry into the details of these bizarre phenomena and their cultural cause, we designed. After these two subjects were
independently developed and came to their own conclusion, we emerged the result and therebyformed our opinion toward the coastal spaces of Taiwan.
I was in his class along with 7 other students invited to
2nd International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam in 2005
Taiwanese Council of Cultural Affairs
I was the team leader of the students.
disrespectfully treated
coastal spaces spiritual/cultural background
a
research process begins from both spacial and spiritual aspects
A government funded researchproject that went to the
in yearA and an
Guest Curator:My contribution of the project: I ledthe student research team andwrote the first Chinese version of allessays in this project.
2nd
International Architectural
Biennale Rotterdam 2005,
publication interactive
installation.
J.M. Lin Architect.
To observe and documentthe coastline of Taiwan, wetook a set of photos every3km on the coastline andgathered a data base ofphotos and thereby startour research and analysis
The study of Taiwanese spiritual
attitude toward the ocean
A Key Word helped us to fucus:
“the Mazu goddess”
Information about hundreds of
different subjectsSearch from the internet
Induce
Four Taiwanese characteristicsabout the ocean
Three Taiwanese attitudestoward ocean
A diagram as our conclusionof the Taiwanese attitudestoward the ocean that causedthe problems of our coastalspaces.
The documenting of Taiwanese
coastal spaces
documenting in the field
We took a set of photo every
3km on the coast line
Images of about 200 different
locations on the coast line
Our conclusion of Taiwanese
spacial phenomena at the coast :
The diverse crossings
over the line of obstruction
organizationbuilt the possible relations between placesidentify special phenomena
13 full stories to explain our
point of view
A diagram as our diagnose ofTaiwanese coastal spaces
some on-going projects which
may make difference about our
current problems
Materials shown at the site of 2nd IABR, 2005
Exhibition Site
Structure of Our ResearchIn order to document the spatial characters ofTaiwanese coastline, the phenomenon ofdetached, isolated, misused, deserted orunrespectfully treated waterfront, and find out,the cultural and social reasons behind these scenes, we designed the structure shown atthe right: A research starts from both the field(spatial quality) and the internet (social andcultural back ground).
Documenting the Coastline
The study of Taiwanese spiritual
attitude toward the ocean
A Key Word helped us to fucus:
“the Mazu goddess”
Information about hundreds of
different subjectsSearch from the internet
Four Taiwanese characteristicsabout the ocean
Three Taiwanese attitudestoward ocean
Seeking for a low-sensitivity objectiveness”"
We usually can’t keep an objective attitude in judging our own land. Emotional feelings oftenlead us into over-sensitive issues ether too complicated to be dealt or irrelevant to ourconcern. Therefore, we wished to start our search with an low-sensitive eye to avoid thelimits that present idea may give us, and hoped that, we should find an interesting start ofthe research.The illustration above is a 17th-century European engraving: “The Temple of the MazuGoddess.” Except the Mazu herself, the scene is no different from any other Westernpantheon -This just can’t bethe truth. Such an image is a perfect example of “low-seneitivityobjectiveness” we were looking for -a subject being foregrounded by the eyes have notlived on this land before, the very start of all differences between Taiwan and Europe, thekeyword from which we should begin our research.
Immigrants with a
continental character
Original alienation from the ocean
Searching for temporary
stability
Discontent with the status quo(the desire of expansion toward the sea
but still view it as a substitute of land)
A“c
on
tin
en
ta
l oc
ea
nic
ch
ara
cte
r”
is o
ur b
es
t de
sc
rip
tio
n o
f pre
se
nt T
aiw
an
es
e a
ttit
ud
e t
ow
ard
se
a
over-sea immigration
The policies of obstructiontoward the sea
Agricultural use of the sea
Diverse crossing over the
lines of obstruction
Move
toenviro
nm
ents
oth
er th
en
Taiw
an
Possibility to turn intoanother character
Unique phenomenafound only in Taiwan
Urge to escapeform a small island
re-th
inkin
g, in
no
va
t ion o
r co
mp
orm
ise
Th
e fu
ture
A Key word helps us to focus on relevant information
If you try to search the world wide web for information within the intersection of “Taiwan” and “Ocean,” you will find enormous amount of data. To focuson Taiwanese spiritual attitudes toward the ocean, we can’t just use keywords as “Taiwan, spiritual, attitude, ocean,...etc.,” for the outcomes will beether too much or irrelevant. And, as we failed to find any research on this subject, we need the right keyword as a filter of information, a keyword thatcan perfectly reflect the Taiwanese spiritual attitudes toward the ocean, and, this perfect word shall be: “Mazu.”
“Mazu,” sometimes known as “The Mother Buddha,” is the most worshiped god in Taiwan who known as the goddess of ocean, voyage, weather,protection and salvage. In our culture, her feminine image represent her love to all her people like a mother to her children and that extends her care ofus to almost every aspect of our life. Anyway, “Mazu” is the perfect keyword of our research for it is totally spiritual, it’s mostly about the ocean, and it’sdeeply involved in our everyday lives.
1.Thr worship of “Mazu” has a hidden cultural signification. The majority of Taiwanese were Chinese immigrants, and, as old descriptions of thecasualties of migration from China to Taiwan: “seven arrive, two die and one returns among ten,” the ocean was dreadful to our ancestors, as a result,Mazu, who
During our research, we read/analyzed a huge amount of data about “Mazu” and came up with several facts:
was originally a fisherman’s daughter who saved her own family and many others from shipwrecks, became the most important idol amongthe migrants. The fears of the sea passed down through generations and so did the worship of Mazu.
2. Successive political regimes’ attitudes towards Mazu cult and manners of dealing with it have mostly been respectful, which can, grab the people andtake advantage of the social structure and human resources already set up by the cult. These regimes viewed Taiwan mostly as their colony, refuge oroutpost and have the correct knowledge about how unwilling Taiwanese people would be to change their lifestyle. Centuries of uncertainty in politicsevoked unique desire of stability among people, and, eventually, cultivated a relatively conservative society. Unlike most islanders around the world,our ancestors had less interest in voyaging, trading and exploring.
4. The belief of Mazu expended across Taiwan in an interesting pattern -the temples are related with each others as mothers and daughters. Ttracingthe “family trees” of Mazu temples we managed to understand the pattern in which early immigrants developed their communities. Instead of growingalone the sea like other cultures might prefer, almost all Chinese immigrants went directly into land. Apparently, villages at the water front were justtemporary stops rather than destinations to them. These people were farmers, the wanted land far more then sea.
5. Mazu’s transformation from “goddess for going out to sea” to “Goddess for crossing the ocean” to “main deity” and even on to “goddess for protectingthe realms”, “goddess of agriculture”, “goddess of getting into school” reflects the reality of social changes and different needs of people. People slowlyfreed themselves from the primal fears and began the search of further stability.
After inducing the facts that were mentioned above(and many other information thatweren’t shown here),we came up with a conclusion of four main characteristics:
Four main Taiwanese characteristics and three attitudes toward the sea:
3. Several times in the history, Taiwan experienced different levels of blockage policies intended to keep the people from the ocean. Even till mid 20thcentury, the Taiwanese government still keep most of its coast line under strict military regulations in order to prevent possible attacks from China.
1.Original alienation from the ocean2.Inclination of Searching for temporary stability3.Discontent with the status quo (the desire of expansion toward the sea but still view it as a substitute of land)
Other these four characteristics, Taiwanese also have three unique attitudes about ocean:1.The policies of obstruction toward the sea.2.Agricultural use of the sea
(See the next page for further explanation.)
4.A “continental oceanic character” is our best description of present Taiwanese attitude toward sea
3.Diverse crossing over the lines of obstruction, which, is the most important spacial phenomenon at the coast line.
The diagram at the right is our diagnose of Taiwanese “continental oceanic character”and how this character evolved through time.
The past
The Taiwanese Attitude Toward the Ocean
The Diverse crossing over the lines of obstruction
continental character
Original alienation
from the ocean
Searching for
temporary stability
Discontent with
the status quo
A “continental
oceanic character”over-sea immigration
The policies of
obstruction
toward the sea
Agricultural
use of the sea
Diverse crossing
over the lines of
obstruction
The documenting of Taiwanese coastal spacesFor full and further understanding, we randomly took images along sea shore every 3km, after that, we organized these pictures, builtconnections among them, identified strange phenomena and inquired into possible reasons and subtle patterns behind these phenomena.Following are some examples of our work, the images were 3 in a set at one location, many of them provided us some clue about our diagnoseof Taiwanese coastal space.
01
03
02
01
03
02
01
03
02
01 0203
01 0203
01
0203
0102 03
Illegal oyster breeding farm
Embankment of the industrial park
A roughly built passage
The government planned a industrial park to promote local economy butno industry ever came. The empty park became a huge obstacle betweenlocal residents and the shore. However, someone managed to create anillegal oyster farm outside the embarkment of the industrial park.
This area was full of salt pans and people are kept away from shore byinconvenience. After the salt pans are no longer required, they tried tointroduce salt-industrial tourism into the area. Facilities were built. Thebusiness of tourism is not quite successful but people from near-byfinally start doing low budget recreations here.
old salt pans, museum of salt producing industry
oyster-breeding industrial tour boats
The study of Taiwanese spiritual
attitude toward the ocean
A Key Word helped us to fucus:
“the Mazu goddess”
Information about hundreds of
different subjectsSearch from the internet
Induce
Four Taiwanese characteristicsabout the ocean
Three Taiwanese attitudestoward ocean
The documenting of Taiwanese
coastal spaces
documenting in the field
We took a set of photo every
3km on the coast line
Actual scene of our work
Images of about 200 different
locations on the coast line
Our conclusion of Taiwanese
spacial phenomena at the coast :
The diverse crossings
over the line of
obstruction
organizationbuilt the possible relations between placesidentify special phenomena
13 full stories to explain our
point of view
This area is a massive lagoon once used as a military airport ofhydroplanes that no civilians were allowed to go near. After the airportwas abandoned, the locals found that it’s a perfect place of aquaculture- a massive lagoon with nobody around. The aquaculture here was soprosper that it seriously pollute the area and even formed a island ofwastes. Now even the aquaculture business was gone. The governmenttried to change the lagoon into a tourist attraction for both the originalbeauty of the lagoon and the unique scene of the island of wastes. Thevisitors are few.
Tourism deck built by local government - a gooddesign without visitors
02,03: The government set up fences and wires to keep people fromthe shore, but a surfing club ignores the fences, cut the wire and isrunning business of surfing lessons
01
03
02The island of wastes
Agricultural use of the sea:Industries along the coastline include notonly dynamic industry like fishing, but alsostatic industry such as salt field and fishfarms, which make use of the coastline andwhich’s production depends on the amountof area involved.
The original Coastline
The line of obstruction:The line of obstruction is a generalphenomena we found everywherein Taiwan. It refers to a series ofobjects the keep people from thereal coastline, physically ormentally such as embankments,high ways that are difficult to cross,military bases, and so on. Becauseof these objects, people can’t reallyfeel the ocean as an existence intheir lives. So, this line ofobstruction is more like the realborder of Taiwan.
However, people have foundvarious ways to go across this “lineof obstruction”. With cheapestpossible means, legally or not,these “crossing” satisfy differentneeds. Thus, gave Taiwanesecoastal space its unique feather.
Here is the diagram we producedas the most common pattern ofTaiwanese coastal spaces. Wecalled the pattern: “The diverscrossing over the lines ofobstruction”.
Tourism:Taiwanese people have a interesting thought about tourism: to use it asa promotion of local industry, to make their products sold better, or tobring fortune to local people. Most of these tourism are poorly planedand ends up fail because the “tourist attractions” are hardly attractiveand the scenes are not delightful at all. The attitude of treating the sea as“nowhere” for decades has seriously damaged the possibilities for thesespots to develop into a tourist site.
Aquaculture
Fish port :We have a lot fish ports and many of them are empty.politics liked to build fish ports as their achievementof their career, so.....
Industrial
Tourism
Tourism/aqua culture
Tourism/fish port
Tourism
Tourism
Tourism/fish port
Tourism
Induatrial
Aquaculture
Images of about 200 different
locations on the coast line
Our conclusion of Taiwanese
spacial phenomena at the coast :
The diverse crossings
over the line of
obstruction
organizationbuilt the possible relations between placesidentify special phenomena
13 full stories to explain our
point of view
some on-going projects which
may make difference about our
current problems
Materials shown at the site of 2nd IABR, 2005
001
003
002
00423N 120E
Industrial zone of No.6 Naphtha Plant: The government sold the 9km
coastline for 25,000,000,000NT$/per year
Industrial zone No.6 NCP. reclaimed land from sea. For the inhabitants,9km of coast, where they used to fish along, was gone, and, for thegovernment, tax revenue increases NTD 25 billion every year. Localfishermen protested hard against the industrial zone, and, the NCPpromised to build tourism facilities to increase income for local fishermen,however, no visitor ever came. Eventually, the fishermen have to findsomewhere else to make there living.
Industrial ZoneBamboo rafts
Fishing port Industrial park
Temporaryfishing
portTourism ??
Temporaryfishing
port
001
004
002
005
003
006
A B C D E
C CD DB BA AE ED DC CD
Profitable industrieswith overspentnatural resources
Irrepairable environmentaldamages that also causedindustries to shrink
The environment wasironically protected byunsuccessful development
Full of undevelopednatural resources
The profit and the damageit caused is coming to adangerous balance
+ P
ro
fit o
f tra
ns
po
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+ P
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Natural resource
Industrial profit
Fighting for water against the earth
Dong-shi township excessively pumped the groundwater foraquaculture and caused ground subsidence. In the yearly typhoonseason, the sea water flowed back ward and washed away greatamount of soil. The water break needed to be heighten every year.The inhabitants sit in their sinking homes and keep pumping wateras their only way to make their living. The problem is not yet solved.
The diagrams at the right shows how land subsidence got worseby marking the areas in red circles.
A diagram as our diagnose ofTaiwanese coastal spaces
The contour of Taiwan defined
Industrial profits and natural
resources:After our research, we found explanationsof the strange phenomena around Taiwan suchas “the diverse crossing over the line ofobstruction”, “agricultural use of the sea”,“special ideas of tourism”, “empty fish ports”,and so on.
Also, we studied the cultural backgroundof Taiwanese attitudes toward oceanand concluded that it is acontinental oceanic character
At the end of our research,we came up with a fulldiagnose of Taiwanesecoastal spaces,sorted the issuesinto 5 differenttypes accordingto the most evidentconflict thatcaused most theproblems -theconflict betweenprofit and naturalenvironment.
Hopefully, we wishthis diagram cansimplify our problemsin Taiwan and helpus to fix ourcoastal spaces in thefuture.
Interactive media installation:
The photo is from the site of “2005 2ndinternational architectural biennale,Rotterdam”: We had over 200 panels atthe site, each includes an exact locationand its high resolution panorama image.
For further details and our analysis abouta certain location, the visitors can take anyof the specially marked panels to ourinteractive area, and, the sensors willidentify the panel and the animes of thatcertain location will be projected on topof the showcase.
Shezi Isle Water CommunityAcademic project I led for an international workshop in Taiwan New Landscape Movement Exhibition (2004).
Taipei
Keelung river Shezi Isle Danshui river Erchung floodway
Shezi Isle Water CommunityThis is an academic project I led for an international workshop in Taiwan
New Landscape Movement Exhibition (2004).
This project was inspired by a serious flood in Taipei months before
“Taiwan New Landscape Movement Exhibition”. According to the subject
of the workshop, our main issue is to generate new thinking about how
Taipei City should face its problems with the flood. The site of the project
is Shezi Isle, the lowest spot of Taipei, which of course, suffers the most
from frequent flood.
As marked green in the image above, Taipei was once a giant lake. After
lake water found its way out of Taipei Basin, DanShui River and Keelung
River took their shape. Shezi Isle is located at the joint place of these two
rivers and a artificial flood way. Since our site has an embarkment lower
then any other place in Taipei, apparently, the Taipei City views Shezi Isle
as a buffer zone to decrease water level during serious floods. Now very
few people live or work in Shezi Isle because only low density industrial
use can survive there.
The subject and site of the project:
Brain storming:
To bring up bold, unprecedented and experimental design to
Shezi Isle, I asked my two team members for unusual ideas:
anything about water, without any boundary, as long as it is
wild. Here are 11 of these ideas.
Taipei juice:
When you have apples in water, it
could be just apples in water, or
apple juice.
When you have Taipei in water, it
could be just Taipei in water, or
Taipei juice.
Men in pipes and
water in buildings
Citizens walk, live,
work and play happily
on water surface
City
River
We share volume with
water not coverage.,
We can surrender our
city to flood whenever
it comes. All we need
are emergency exits.
Simply keep the flood
out of our waterproof
buildings. We may also
have lovely lake views
that way.
Use water as an important
element in our architecture.
Protect our safety by high
rise buildings, waterproof
cubes and pipes.
Use porous underwater
structures to keep
everything safe and
pleasant above the surface.
Pump the flood to higher
ground and we will have
plenty supply of all water
we need.
Build the entire city a few
meters above the ground
using mega-structures.
Secure important
infrastructures with
waterproof pipes.
Create more spacein which people mayhave fun with water
Keep water resourcewithin the city insteadof in distant reservoirs
Share cubage in a 3Dmanner with river.
Secure supply andtraffic systems inwaterproof pipes
What are there about “JUICE”..Something for FUN
Something for how we itDRINK
Something we with waterMIXED
Something for SAFETY
Issues:Make people close to water
Solve the problem of water supply
Create more space for both river and people
Secure our supply and traffic system
1.
Drawing the “family tree of ideas”0.
2. Outlining important feathers of our future design
Sim
ple
(Ea
rl ier)
Co
mp
lica
ted
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Water’s Position Citizens’ Position
The Family tree of ideas
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. Tracing down the “family tree”for proper concept for our design.
.Identifying key elements and transforming them into architectural thoughts
Our basic proposal of Shezi Isle
Cubes, Pipes and high rise buildings that hold water
Cubes:
We can build our city withdifferent kinds of cubes:waterproof boxes, permeableand semi-permeablestructures, floating decksand others. Thereby, we cancreate interesting spacesinteracting with water.
objects uncontrollable bymen but affected by water
objects operated by menthat help controlling water
floating deck
open space
waterproof hyaloid box
waterproof box
permeable
solid
Pipes: Pipes ensure the safety of the traffic and supplying systems, protect
important buildings and any other things can’t be secured by waterproof boxes.
Towers, landscapes and main streets
High rise buildings stand out fromsurface, huge pipes connect to otherareas of the city, Living spaces at lowerlevels mix with water.
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pipes Cubes
The Family Tree of IdeasHowever, we can’t develop our design before all these ideas been discussed,
reviewed and integrated. So, we decided to start with the most origin and
abstract one - . Start with “The Taipei Juice”,The Taipei Juice we sorted all 11
out by how sophisticated they are, how much they represent our interest as
citizens, and how simple ideas help in developing of more sophisticated ones.
At the next page you can see “the family tree of ideas”showing how we faced
the issue of this workshop and how we selected our initial concept
of our design.
rationally
Airport
Train station
Old Taipei
About Shezi Isle,
Our visions of the site:
After a quick calculation,
our project is able to:
Shezi Isle is where all the floodgoes in Taipei. There are manytourism attractions about wateraround Taipei, and, it is convenientto go these places from Shezi Isle.
ollect and connect the snippetsinto a complete experience of water.
The reservoir Fei-Tsui has a capacityof 327,000,000(m3), support3,280,000(m3)/day of water to Taipei.Our project can produce 250,000(m3)/day
The total area of the rivers in Taipeiis 45,662,600(m2); The alarm heightof water level is 6.7(m). Total amountof the flood is 305,939,420(m3) Afterour project built, it is going to containup to 19,804,085(m3) of flood, lowerTaipei’s water level up to 0.4~1(m)during the flood.
Water and People live here happilyforever after……
Drawn form the previous page:
Reserving water recourse:
Controlling flood
Create a water community for
inhabitation, commercial use and
recreation.
Create more space in which peoplemay have fun with water.
Keep water resource within the cityinstead of in distant reservoirs.
Share cubage in a 3D manner withriver.
Secure supply and traffic systemsin waterproof pipes.
Control the water level of Taipei Cityduring floods.
C
Drawn from facts mentioned above:
Commercial:
and perhaps
We are doing water as a fashion in the site. It and support the town financially.
To create amazing land marks, new and divided from old Water-cities like Venice
We recommend visitors to to try .
Water sport is something you can hardly found in north Taiwan.
Town center:
Parking:
Water sports:
encourage people consume for the Water-style
fresh impression
park here and walk through the town Boating
The Water Tower: Hotel & Indoor
Water-Enjoyment CenterLocated at the town center as a land mark, thisbuilding can be defined as a water towerconstructed by a service core witch covered invertical pipe and water-proofed cubic units. Insidethe building consumers can enjoy different kindsof water form quiet pools to wild cataracts by thedifference of height and water presser… Thelower floor the wilder.
Programs
Town Center: The Water Tower
Pipe system:Drive ways, metro systems,walking passages, parking spacesand boats can be arranged in thepipe system.
Residential Area:This is how we picture the inhabitation area outside the town center.By the water, open to the water, and changes when the tides go up and down.
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RecreationalAt the outer area of the site, the pipes will be reconstructed with the remains of old Shezi embarkment andform a new kind of landscape. Most of the open spaces will be preserved as everglades, only minimumactivities allowed.
A Hundred Schools of ThoughtsRemodeling Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial Hall
My design thesis in undergraduate
A Hundred Schools of ThoughtsRemodeling Chiang Kai-Shek Memorial Hall
“A Hundred Schools of Thoughts” was my design thesis in college, which, is a project
determines to do architecture as an art form and tests its limit in representing philosophic
thoughts. besides transforming different thoughts in philosophy into forms and patterns,
the project is also an exploration into architectural paradigms in ancient Chinese.
“A Hundred Schools if Thoughts” refers to a special period of time in China approximately
from 770~221(B.C.) when the entire China was involved in a non-stop war for over 500 years.
However, despite the political chaos, the era gave birth to almost each and every important
philosophies in China. These philosophies still effect lifestyles in eastern Asia deeply.
According to Chinese history, the thoughts created in this era can be classified into ten
categories includes: 1. Confucianism, 2.Taoism, 3.Mohist Theory, 4.Legalists’ Thoughts,
5.The Art of War, 6.Dialecticians’ Thoughts, 7. Agriculturists’ Thoughts, 8.Naturalists’
Thoughts, 9.Strategists’ Thoughts, 10.Others. In this project, I tried to generate forms and
patterns in representations of these ten thoughts.
I chose to remodel the CKS Memorial Hall in Taipei City for its current layout and building
style is a perfect example of a combination of Confucianism and Legalists’ Thoughts. The
building complex of CKS memorial hall is relatively boring, however, it has this huge piazza at
the center of Taipei where all kinds of debates and protests take place. It’s the perfect site for
this practice.
The Site:
Confucianism
Legalists’
Strategists’
Philosophic Taoism
The Art of WarMohists’
Agriculturists’
Naturalists’
Dialecticians’CKS Memorial Hall
Feng-Shui
Opera House
To Taipei main stationTo presidential palace
Mohists’ layout:
Mohists are strict socialists, ascetics and rationalists. The are against allhierarchy in the society, and, they also hate music, social protocols andrituals.In Mohists’ layout, they eliminate the axis pointing to presidential palace andturn the building to face Taipei main station -the true center of Taipei.Also the CKS Memorial Hall will be gone for sure along with the opera houseand the concert hall -Mohists don’t need those. They might remodel theminto more pragmatic uses.
Legalists’ layout:
Legalists are people developing efficient ways foremperors to control their people and strengthen thetheir empires. They managed three was to controlpeople: 1.laws and punishments / 2.techniques ofusing political power / 3. threatening prestige.These are perfect monument builders.
Basically, they would agree with Confucianists’monument because the hierarchy behind the ordersand forms of confucianists’ monuments remindpeople the political power of the government.
How ever, there are other ways to control the hugepiazza around a threatening monuments such as1.colonnades (like those in Vatican,) / 2.patterns instrict orders, / 3.messive towers at corners andentrances, / 4.sunken squares.
Legalists like all proper layouts as long as theyhave the affect legalists want on the public, and,big is good, huge is better.
The Art of War:
These are people who study military strategies hoping to end the war. Theirthoughts have been proved useful at all kinds of wars: military, business,international issues, ...etc.. Although it is not about architecture, I derived aconcept of “use as little volume as possible to control the site and effect thesurrounding as well.”In my thought, the most important spot of the site is the traffic circle at theleft -it controls the road from presidential palace and train station. Havingcontrol of that ring first and two other traffic rings next to it equal to havecontrol of the heart of Taipei.After that, secure the traffic within these rings and build a outpost to supportthese spots, and, thereby control the whole site and the heart of Taipei aswell.
All together:All together, and, it will look like this.to coordinate, I parallel the layouts of different thoughts to theancient relationship of the philosophers whenever to solve theconflict:1. Confucianism never yielded to Taoism2. Confucianists and Moists never compromised to each other.3. Confucianists worked with Legalists4. Confucianism never yielded to military strategies.5. Taoism never bothered arguing with anybody.6. All philosophers respect (or learn from) Taoism.7. Moists never yielded to Legalists.8. Moists fought at battle fields against military commanders.9. Legalists respect and learn from the art of war.10 Military commanders took advantage from all philosophers.11.Dialecticians caused no effect on anybody.12.Agriculturists worked with Moists.13.Stratagists observed and used anything available.14.Stratagists tried hard to get notice.After adjusting the layouts by above mentioned principals, Idid the master plane of all ten thoughts as shown in previouspage.
layouts:Before doing the individual buildings, I’ll have to start with aproper layout to coordinate all ten thoughts within one site. Todo that, I tried to do layouts of different thoughts.
Current layout:
It is a classic layout of Chinesepalaces combining Confucinismand Legalists’. It has an axispointing to the presidentialpalace; on the far side of theaxis lies the major building.Other buildings are putsymmetrically on both sides ofthe axis when buildings nearerto the main hall and buildingsat the left (viewing from themain hall) be considered asmore important. Confucinism
have a hierarchyfor not only people, but alsobuildings and the specific formthey are allowed to use,
and Legalists
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Confucianism:
At the left is the classic layoutof “She-Ji”, the place emperorsoffer sacrifices to ancestors,and the order of buildings.The “perfect” number ofChinese cities and palaces is3, 9 and the squares ormultiplications of thesenumbers. The diagram of an”ideal” city of Confucianism isshown bellow.
Taoism:
(Philosophic Taoism,not Religious Taoism)
People believe in Taoismobserve and follow Tao,the way in which theuniverse create and runitself. Taoists will neverlike the idea of massivememorial buildings,although they won’t fighthard against them.
The only right way to doTaoism memorial is to donothing at all and let thecity grow in its ownreasonable way.
And, the alternative waysare: 1.patch works of citycontext. / 2.somethingsubtle implies theexistence of Tao.
Confucianism
Legalists’
Strategists’
Philosophic Taoism
The Art of WarMohists’
Agriculturists’
Naturalists’
Dialecticians’CKS Memorial Hall
Feng-Shui
Opera House
Buildings of Individual Thoughts:After the over all lay-out, I looked into spatial precedents in the historyand start to discuss and develop different forms of individual buildingsthat represent each philosophy.
Confucianism: To represent Confucianism in architectural design, I applied two of the most important features in traditionalarchitecture in Confucianism: 1. the perfect form in Confucianism. / 2.the hierarchy of spaces.1. The perfect form:
left are classical planes of “Ming-Tang”, the mainhall in which emperors met their ministers and generals. These planes suggest the second-best form should be a square with4 smaller squares at its corners. The CKS Memorial Hall is also using the same shape.
In Confucianism, the perfect form is circle, which, can only used in honoring the heaven itself. Even godsand emperors can’t use round shaped buildings. Instead of circles, The lower
The hierarchy system: In Chinese palaces they verified the sizes of gates and the depth/height of scenes behind the gates according to thehierarchy system of Confucianism. The visitors can feel the importance of particular buildings by sense of scale without further information.
In temples of Confucius there areusually walls blocking the main gatewhich imply the world will have tocross a huge obstacle to reachConfucius’s wisdom. Although this isnot necessary in other Confucianismbuildings, I still decided to have thiswall here in honor of Confucius.
Moists’:
Since Mohists arestrict socialists,ascetics andrationalists. Whoare interested intechnologies,mechanics and all“useful”knowledge, I madean assumptionthat their buildingsmight be producedin mass productionin factories usingrecycled materialsand can easily bedisassembled, andrelocated.
The Confucianism Building
The Moists’ Building
Confucianism
Legalists’
Strategists’
Philosophic Taoism
The Art of WarMohists’
Agriculturists’
Naturalists’
Dialecticians’CKS Memorial Hall
Feng-Shui
Opera House
Taoism:
To represent the Taoism observation of ouruniverse and the concept of Tao, I started withthe places considered by Taoism priests as thebest place to observe Tao: caves and islands.In the famous icon of Yin-Yang, there is blackspot at the center of white and a white spot atthe center of black. This is where the conceptof caves and islands came from -a tiny pieceof Yin within Yang, and a tiny piece of Yangwithin Yin. As a representation of the shape ofTao, my design have to be also representingIsland and cave within a mixture of a mysticform.
“The Valley Spirit never dies. It is called themystic female. The door of the mystic femaleis the root of heaven and earth. Beinginterminable and seeming to endure, It can beused with toil”“There is a thing formed in chaos existingbefore Heaven and Earth. Silent and solitary,it stands alone, unchanging. It goes aroundwithout peril. It may be the Mother of the world.Not knowing its name, I can only style it ‘Tao.’With reluctance, I would call it ‘Great.’ Greatmeans out-going. Out-going means far-reaching. Far-reaching means returning.Therefore, Tao is great. Heaven is great.Earth is great. Mankind is great. There arefour greats in the universe and men are one ofthem. Man abides by earth, earth abides byheaven, heaven abides by Tao, and, Tao goesas its nature.” -Lao Tzu.
The Cave The Island
The North Star
World Mountain (Kun-Lun)
The axis of universe
The ladder to heaven
The Cave
The Island
The Gate of the Mystic Female
First, the Heaven
Then, the Earth
Finally, the world we live in
To speculate the shape of Tao, I first studied the Taoism model of universe :
The Taoism model of universe came from ancient folk religions in China, which, were religions based on the worship ofthe North Star. In general belief, there is a world mountain surrounded by sea which is located directly under the NorthStar -at the axis of universe. The world in which we live itself is an Island.
Considering the obvious preference about depth, profundity, vacancy and circulation, the true spirit of Taoism shouldlies in the solidity. The cave under the world mountain is the holy place of Taoism.
Therefore, I decided that the shape represent the way in which Tao runs itself is somehow like a torus or a bagel asdemonstrated at the left.
vacancy instead
The island
The interior The cave / the axis of universe
The shape representing Tao
The Taoism Building
Confucianism
Legalists’
Strategists’
Philosophic Taoism
The Art of WarMohists’
Agriculturists’
Naturalists’
Dialecticians’CKS Memorial Hall
Feng-Shui
Opera House
The Legalists’:
My design of the Legalists’ buildings is a combination of representation of: 1.laws, regulations andorders / 2.techniques of using political power / 3. threatening prestige.At the ground level of the main hall, I tried to create fearsome space with scale, lighting and stairs.At the upper part of the building, I designed a crooked passage to demonstrate the crooked sides in theuse of political power.
At the colonnade, I used the triangular columns to create difference angles of sight so that the peopleinside can see a wilder range than those from out side.
At other areas I experimented the effects of differences height levels, viewing angles, scales and lightings.
The agriculturists’:
Since the agriculturists worked withMoists and share same views aboutart and architecture, I designed theagriculturists’ building the same wayof Moists’.
The Art of War :
(The military commanders’)
The Strategists’:
The Art of War was basically Taoismpractice on battle field, which, eventuallydeveloped its own theories such as itsunique explanation about “regularstrategies” and “odd strategies.”The “odd” and “regular” relates to eachother like both sides on a Mobius Strip:one comes to existence when the othergoes beyond its reach.I designed the building of MilitaryCommanders by rapidly changing shapesand blur the boundary between itsinterior and exterior.
The strategists were people sellingstrategies to political powers. Theybasically worked like the militarycommanders.I designed the Strategists’ building thesame style as Military Commanders’.Only at the most noticeable spot in site.
The Naturalists’
The Naturalists were originatedfrom Taoism and are believed asteachers of many importantmilitary commanders andstrategists. The knowledge ofNaturalists are broad and hereI only chose to represent thefamous theory of five basicelements that formed theuniverse: metal, wood, water,fire and earth.
The differentviewing angleproduced bydifferentheight andthe shape ofthe interface.
The Legalists’ Building