First Year HistoryMr Hogan

Historians look at written evidence left behind by people who lived long ago

Examples of written evidence: newspapers, books, reports, diaries, posters, etc

Archaeologists look at other types of evidence left behind by people

Examples of other evidence: houses, tools, weapons, works of art, treasure!

Historians and Archaeologists

A Historian

A Historian

Written Evidence

Archaeologists

Can you name this famous archaeologist?

Primary Sources come directly from the past◦ Examples of Primary Sources: old newspapers, diaries, an old

tool, a photograph... Secondary Sources are written by historians and do

NOT come directly from the past◦ Example of a secondary source: your textbook

Primary and Secondary Sources

A Primary Source – a photograph

Secondary Source – your textbook

Who are these people?

Who is this person?

Primary or Secondary Source?

Primary or Secondary Source?

Primary source Things found by archaeologistsSecondary source Uses written sources onlyHistorian Where written sources are keptArchaeologist Comes directly from the pastLibrary Looking for non written sourcesDig Written about the pastArtifact Uses non written sources

Matchup

Post Holes help show us where _________ once stood Traces of burnt wood show where ________________ A R_______ H______ can give us a lot of information such as

what people ______ . Grains of P_________ can give us clues as to how farmers

farmed in ages past In the C_______ F________ in County _______ archaeologists

discovered S________ W_______ under the bog using long _______. This showed that the land was farmed 5_______ years ago.

Archaeological Excavations – P16 and 17

The Ceide Fields

Stratigraphy – dealing with layers

The Deeper something is buried, the older it is.

Pottery lasts a very long time when it is buried Archaeologists can use the design of buried pottery to

guess its age.

Pottery

All living things have radioactive carbon in them When the body dies, the carbon slowly leaks away If you measure how much is left in the body, you can

estimate how old it is

Carbon Dating

Drendrochronology

The year Jesus Christ was born – Year 1 All years after that are known as AD AD = “Anno Domini – the year of Our Lord” This year is the year 2011 AD Dates before the birth of Jesus are known as BC BC = “Before Christ”

Christian Calendar

Poulnabrone Dolmen – built 4000 BC

Bias – changing the truth by putting something in or leaving something out

Prejudice – where the writer has an unhelpful opinion of other people or events

Propaganda – where someone is trying to win others over to their point of view.

Bias, Prejudice and Propaganda

Prejudice – a 19th century “Anti-Irish” cartoon

Propaganda

Bias & Propaganda – Barack Obama

Historians find artefacts Archaeologists use written sources like books An interview with a person from a long time ago would be an

oral source Primary sources are sources about primary school Your textbook is a secondary source Propaganda is where someone is trying to win others over to

their point of view AD stands for After Dark Artefacts would usually be stored in libraries

True or False

What Archaeologists Do – P13

Artefact found during construction of Ennis Bypass

What archaeologists DO NOT do

Post Holes

Circular House

Céide Fields

Post Holes are where stone age people posted letters Pollen is used to find out what crops people grew long ago The Ceide Fields are located in County Kilkenny There are stone walls buried under bog at the Céide Fields Stratigraphy is the study of Layers of soil Carbon Dating can be used to tell the age of a piece of metal Dendrochronology is a way of telling the age of something by

using tree rings A viking ship was once dated to 1025 AD by using

dengrochronology

Quick Quiz – True or False

2008 Junior Cert Question