AR844 2015 2016 St. Peters St. Documentation Study
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Transcript of AR844 2015 2016 St. Peters St. Documentation Study
St. Peter's Street, Canterbury
Identifying the styles
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St. Peter's Street, Canterbury
Gothic Architecture
Gothic architecture generally describes the
building design and construction following the
Romanesque into the Middle Ages. Many buildings
surviving to this day are often that of churches,
cathedrals, forts and castles owing to their robust
and longstanding structures.
Although another much later branch of Gothic
Revival architecture occurred during the 18th and
19th Centuries, this page will focus on the earlier
Gothic buildings through identification.
The most distinctive characteristic in which all
Gothic buildings share is the heavy use of stone
or flint masonry with thick walls reinforced with
butressess. In these walls are fenestrations with
pointed arches complying with the conventions of
Gothic design. Other decoration and functional
features of Gothic architecture include
crenellations on the upper parapet. In addition to
this with regards to the interior, rib vaulting is also
present with associated stone carvings displaying
the structural characteristics of early Gothic
buildings.
Comparing an early Gothic Building to that of a
Gothic Revival, older buildings appear far more
weathered with worn stone through the centuries.
As well as a more aged look, the presence of
putlog holes, which are the housings for
scaffolding, denote the structure and building
techniques used during the Gothic period.
Stone and/or flint masonry walls
Small to medium sized mullion windows with
leaded panes
Buttresses
Pointed arch with
decorated stone lining
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Images on the left
Top left:
Tower of the Church of St. George, St.
George's Street, 12th Century
Top right:
Westgate, c.1380.
Bottom:
Parish Church of St. Paul, St. Peter's
Street 13th Century
Crenellation
Putlog holes
Thick walls
St. Peter's Street, Canterbury
Georgian Architecture
Georgian Architecture in a general sense
represents the widespread introduction of Classical
Design to the architecture of Britain during the 18th
Century and early 19th Century. Although Classical
motifs began to appear in Jacobean architecture
along with the works of Inigo Jones, it was not until
the Georgian period when Classicism became an
integral part of artistic and architectural design.
This was initiated by the spread of Classical
philosophy across Europe from Italy and France with
each state having its own interpretation of
Classicism. This interpretation for Britain can be seen
through Georgian architecture itself with theories inclusion of decorated cornices, string courses
originating from 'The Grand Tour' which as an with Classical doorways and shop fronts which
academic exploration of the Classical ruins of use various Orders, most often Tuscan, Doric or
Ancient Rome and later on Greece. a composite.
Contrasting from the architecture of the Tudor
and Jacobean periods before, Georgian
architecture appears far more regular and
balanced in comparison through symmetry
and use of proportions.
Looking into the details, the importance of
Classical design can be seen through the
Although windows should not be considered the
definition of a period of design (as they could
have been replaced), almost all Georgian
buildings use sash windows with glazing bars
creating small square panes.
Stone cornice
String course
Sash windows with glazing bars
Timber shop front with Classical
motifs
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Images on the left
Top: St. Peter's House, St. Peter's Lane, mid
18th Century
Bottom: 56 - 57 St. Peter's Street, early 19th
Century
Brick masonry
Flat arch voussoirs ��"iii1'----1-- (stone lintels used
later
Fenestrations are regular
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g1 Overall symmetric design
St. Peter's Street, Canterbury
Victorian Architecture
The Victorian era denotes the period of time in
which Queen Victoria was head of state from 1837
to 1901. This was a time of rapid technological
development and the continued colonisation of
the British Empire in line with the Age of Reason
and Enlightenment. As a consequence, the United
Kingdom benefited from higher economic activity
with links to its overseas colonies.
The resulting architecture gives way to various
revived styles using motifs from previous styles as
well as from overseas. The 19th Century saw an
overlapping of Architectural Design with Greek
Revival occurring simultaneously with a revived
interest in Gothic styles. Contrasting from the more
dogmatic styles of Georgian or Neoclassical
Architecture beforehand, the designs became
more elaborate in decoration with less emphasis
on the conventions of Classical Orders.
From this, one cannot label Victorian Architecture
on one distinct feature, however one can observe
a set of features which can typify the styles of
Victorian Architecture.
Such feature is the decorative use of brick using
patterns created by different bonds, sizes, textures
and colours. This goes alongside sculpted voussoirs
often made from stone which contrast from the
brick adding to the overall aesthetic composition
of the facade.
In addition to to this, especially in later Victorian
buildings, there is an emphasis on the connection
between the roof and wall with patterned, soffits,
eaves and gable trims which are often
pronounced away from the wall.
Although windows should not be used to define a
buildings' age (as they could have been
Steep gabled roof
emphasised with
decorated fascia
Patterned brickwork
(of various bonds)
Large sash window
panes
replaced), Victorian windows typically hold larger
panes of glass with thinner glazing bars.
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Elaborate decoration in
the form of carvings ---;;��· ;;;;.1
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Images on the left
Top:
The Black Griffin, St. Peter's Street, c.
1888
Bottom:
21 - 23, Norman Road, c. 1887
Pronounced trims
String courses
Stone surrounds
including voussoirs
and quoins
St. Peter's Street, Canterbury
Modern Architecture
After a somewhat undecided era of architecture in
the late 19th and early 20th Century, Modernism
represented a huge shift in architectural attitude
throughout the west from the 1920s onwards.
Although neighbouring France and Germany
appeared to embrace the new era of
architecture, Britain struggled to advance the
modern movement on the same scale.
However after the devastation of the Second
World War, vast areas in town and cities, including
Canterbury, were opened to new development. A
number of modern buildings were built during the
1960s and 1970s.
With regards to this documentation, there is only
one building in St. Peter's Street (47 & 48), which is
the example given as it is the only building which
could be considered as Modern architecture.
With this said, the building still typifies buildings of
that era is notably straight planes set parallel and
perpendicular to each other creating numerous
squares and rectangles through both fenestration
and form (note the flat roof). Along with straight
lines, there is a large amount of glazing when
compared to previous architectural styles
Large glazing to
wall ration
Clearly defined
storeys
Large windows with
large panes
Planes run in
perpendicular and
parallel fashion
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Images on the left
Top:
Hales Place Housing, Long Meadow
Way, c.1967 - 70
Bottom:
47 - 48 St. Peter's Street, c. 1960s
flat leaded or tar
roof
Relatively flat
facade
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St. Peter's Street, Canterbury
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