Aquaculture for food and nutrition security in Timor-Leste: Challenges and opportunities
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Transcript of Aquaculture for food and nutrition security in Timor-Leste: Challenges and opportunities
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Aquaculture for food and nutrition security in Timor-Leste: Challenges and opportunities
Jharendu Pant, Julio da Cruz and Shakuntala Thilsted
5 March 2013, Dili, Timor-Leste
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Outline:1. Fish and human nutrition & health:
1.1 fish in diet – why? 1.2 why focus on women and young children?
2. The Challenge: Combating poverty and malnutrition
3. Aquaculture development strategy: Where we are? 3.1 preparation process
3.2 key elements 3.3 implementation
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1. Fish and Human Nutrition & Health
1.1 Fish in diet – why?
irreplaceable animal-source food:
– rich source of multiple nutrients
– animal protein (all fish)
– essential fats (eg Omega-3 fatty acids – some marine &freshwater fish)
– small fish – eaten whole (with head, bones, viscera ) rich in essential micronutrients; e.g. Vitamin A, Iron, Zinc, Calcium (with high bioavailability)
– enhances bioavailability of Iron and Zinc from ALL foods in the meal
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1.2 Why focus on women and children?
– first 1000 days of life:• 9 months : pregnancy
• 0-6 months: lactation (exclusive breastfeeding)
• 6-24 months: complementary feeding + breastfeeding
– good nutrition on first 1000 days: window of opportunity:• brain development / better cognitive power
• learning and school performance
• work performance
• immunity against diseases
• individual and national development
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2. The Challenge: Combating poverty and malnutrition
• around half of the children in the Timor-Leste are deprived of diet with balanced nutrition
• malnutrition among children under 5 years estimated as:– Underweight: 45%– Stunted: 54%– Wasting: 25% (WFP, 2010)
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The challenge…
– carbohydrate as major calories source (maize, rice, cassava, taro, yam, banana…)
– animal source food eaten only occasionally:• Beef and pork – very expensive;
only for special occasions
• Chicken – also an expensive item
• Fish – relatively expensive but limited availability in the uplands 6
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The challenge…
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• per capita annual fish consumption:– Timor-Leste: 6.1 kg (RFLP/FAO
2011)
– Global average: 17.8 kg (FAO, 2012)
[Timor-Leste Strategic Development Plan (2011-2030) aims at achieving the goal of ‘FOOD SECURITY BY 2020’]
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The challenge…
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• Per capita fish consumption target?
– To reach closer to Global average, TL needs a fish supply of: 30,000 t by 2030
– Current fish annual supply: • capture fisheries: 3,200 t
(FAO, 2007) • aquaculture: 46t (NDFA,
2010)
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• Challenge: bridging future fish demand-supply gap
• a coordinated approach vital to realizing the goal of achieving food and nutrition security (Comoro Declaration, 2010)
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The challenge…
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3. National aquaculture strategy (2012 -2030): Where we are?
3.1 Preparation process:
• NDFA – WorldFish meeting in November 2010 emphasized the need for a National Aquaculture Development Strategy
• a Framework for the strategy development prepared
• process supported by WorldFish, RFLP/FAO and CTSP
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preparation process…
• analyses of current situation of aquaculture in Timor-Leste• review of secondary
data/information (review of key policy/strategy documents)
• field visits and consultations with local stakeholders:– East: Manatuto, Baucau,
Viqueque, – South: Aileu and Manufahi– West: Liquica, Ermera, Bobonaro
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preparation process…
• stakeholders‘ Consultations in Dili (for drafting of strategy)
– DFOs, farmers and Farmers’ groups, Hatchery officers
– Line Government Ministries/ Departments; I/NGOs; Development Partners
• final draft presented to the stakeholders in Dili (February 2012)
• adopted as interim strategy document by MAF
• presently in process of getting approval by the Government
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3.2 Timor-Leste aquaculture development strategy: Key
elements
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Key elements..
Goal: contribute to food and income through expansion and intensification of
aquacultureGuiding principles:– Aquaculture development in Timor-Leste is centered on the country’s goal of
addressing the problem of chronic food insecurity and malnutrition;
– The National Aquaculture Development Strategy is in harmony with the Timor-Leste Strategic Development Plan (2011-2030), and will be implemented in three phases: short (2012-2015); medium (2016 – 2020) and long term (2021 -2030)
– Development of sustainable aquaculture will be through an ecosystem approach, taking account technical, social, economic and environmental aspects
– The strategy envisions a coordinated approach with joint ventures between the government, local communities, International/National Non-governmental Organizations (I/NGOs), the private sector, and development partners being critical components to realize success.
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impact area and indicators
Impact area Indicators (by 2030)Food 12,000 t from aquacultureConsumption 15 kg/capita/year Households 40,000Nutrition Fish in dietsGovernance Institutional capacity for
management and development
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• major outcome areas
1) identification of suitable agro-ecological zones for aquaculture development
2) aquaculture yields improved in existing and new ponds
3) NDFA institutional capacity
4) sustainable supply of inputs (seed, feed)
5) aquaculture product markets functioning
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Major outcome areas contd…
6) aquaculture contributes to improving food and nutrition security
7) functioning partnerships between GOs/NGOs, communities, the private sector and donors
8) aquaculture farmers’ groups and cooperatives
9) policy environment suited to aquaculture
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3.3 Implementation:
supporting NDFA to implement the strategy vital:
• Need for a strong partnerships: (government, donors, I/NGOs, private sectors, producers)
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– implementation of strategy – priority MAF
– New Zealand funding support (upcoming) for implementation of strategy: • inception & implementation
phases• NDFA, WorldFish, NIWA as
major partners• Other partners (I/NGOs)
– growing interest among I/NGOs – aquaculture as livelihood diversification options 19
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– private sectors’ interests
– rapidly developing infrastructure & services
– buoyant market • School meal programs
• Supplementary feeding programs (women & children)
• Household food and nutrition security
• Local and Dili market
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Thank you
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Contact:
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Jharendu Pant WorldFish, Penang [email protected]
Julio da CruzNational Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Dili, Timor- [email protected]