APPLICATION OF BIOSENSOR

8/11/2019 APPLICATION OF BIOSENSOR

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APPLICATION OF BIOSENSOR

P o i n t o f c a r e d i a g n o s t i c s .

B a c t e r i o lo g i c a l d e t e c t i o n

I n M e d i c a l C a r e

F o r d e t e r m i n a t i o n o f f o o d q u a l i t y

E n v i r o nm e n t a l m o n i t o r i n g .

F o r I n d u s t r i a l P r o c e s s C o n t r o l .


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Graphene oxide

Graphite when treated with strong oxidizers gives rise to the Graphite oxide,which is a compound of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogenin variable ratios.

Manufacture of Graphene Oxide

Graphene Oxideis formed by oxidizing crystalline graphite with a mixture of

sodium nitrate (NaNO3 , sulfuric acid (H2SO4),and potassium permanganate(KMnO4).The oxidation method is also known as the Hummers method.

Structurally, the Graphene Oxideis similar to a graphene sheet with its base

having oxygen-containing groups. Since these groups have an high affinity to

water molecules, Graphene Oxideis hydrophilic and can be easily dissolved in

water.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://www.azonano.com/ads/abmc.aspx?b=5265http://www.azonano.com/ads/abmc.aspx?b=5265http://www.azonano.com/ads/abmc.aspx?b=5265http://www.azonano.com/ads/abmc.aspx?b=5265http://www.azonano.com/ads/abmc.aspx?b=5265http://www.azonano.com/ads/abmc.aspx?b=5265http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon


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Cont

Graphene Oxideis a poor conductor but when it undergoes treatment using

heat, light, or chemical reduction, most of graphene's properties are restored.

Chemical reduction is normally done using hydrazine.

It is possible to deposit Graphene Oxidefilms on any substrate, and then

convert it into a conductor. These coatings may be used in solar cells, flexible

electronics, chemical sensors, liquid crystal devices

Graphene, which is a conductor, graphene oxide is a semiconductors and can

replace silicon in electronics applications.
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Graphene

Graphene, is one of the allotropic forms of carbon.

It is a one-atom-thick planar sheet of carbon atoms that are densely packed in a honeycombcrystal lattice.

Graphite itself consists of many graphene sheets stacked together.

The carbon-carbon bond length in graphene is approximately 0.142 nm.


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Graphene production

Researchers obtained relatively large graphene sheets bymechanical exfoliation (repeated peeling) of 3D graphitecrystals.

Another method is to heat silicon carbide to high temperatures(1100C) to reduce it to graphene.

Graphene has excellent properties like:

Its entire volume is exposed to its surrounding.

High electrical conductivity.


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BIOSENSOR AND CANCER

Cancer is an abnormal and an uncontrolled cell growth

due to an accumulation of specific genetic andepigenetic defects.

Biosensor technology has the potential to provide: fast and accurate detection.

reliable imaging of cancer cells.

monitoring of angiogenesis and cancer metastasis.

ability to determine the effectiveness of anticancer

chemotherapy agents.


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Preexisting technology

Existing cancer screening methods include:

(1) the CA 15.3 test and mammography to detect breast

cancer in women.

(2) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level detection in blood

sample for men to detect prostate cancer.

(3) blood detection for colon cancer.

(4) endoscopy, CT scans, X-ray, ultrasound imaging andMRI for various cancer detection.


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Cont

These traditional diagnostic methods however

are not very powerful methods :-

as they can not detect cancer at very early

stages.

some of the screening methods are quite costly

and not available for many people.

so use of biosensors to detect cancer biomarkers

in serum has spread widely.


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Biomarkers

In terms of cancer, the analyte being detected by

the biosensor is a tumor biomarker.

A biomarker is an indicator of a biological state of

disease.

Biomarkers can be DNA, RNA, or protein (i.e.,

hormone, antibody, oncogene, or tumor

suppressor).


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Functionalization of graphene

modified membrane


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CHARACTERIZATION OF IMMOILIZED GRAPHENE

Electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) and

atomic force microscopy have been used to

characterize the graphene.


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ST ND RDIZ TION OF PROTOCOL OF

N NOIMMUNOSENSOR

(A)Recording of amperometric data.

(B)Digitalization of signals and recording.


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CONCLUSION


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conclusion

In present work a graphene modified PCTE (polycarbonate Track

Etch)membrane is used in nanoimmunosensors which can be employed to

detect specific cell membrane-associated target antigens.

The morphology of graphene modified nanoporous membrane was

characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy and chemical analysis was

completed by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) prior to use in

nanobiosensor.

This antibody immobilized membrane structure was then tested with a no.

of few antigens and cross checked by structurally related antigens for

specificity.


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APPLICATION OF BIOSENSOR

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