Biosensor biomemory
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Transcript of Biosensor biomemory
THE NEW TYPE OF A MULTI-CHANNEL BIOSENSOR GROUNDED
ON A METHOD FOR WRITING A BINARY INFORMATION ON AND
READING FROM BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANE
BIOSENSOR BIOMEM ®
Biosensor Today our environment is subject to pollution from a wide range of
harmful substances.
By measuring (Biosensor) the biological effect on living cells all
chemical pollutants contained in the sample in question are taken in
consideration - including toxic by-products.
The total poisonous effect of the pollutants is recorded and displayed
instantly, comprehensively and continuously by our Biosensor BIOMEM ®
Potential uses The Biosensor BIOMEM ® is particularly suitable for operation in
environmental monitoring of water and air and everywhere else where
chemical pollutants are produced and dispersed. Operational areas include:
Monitoring of surface water
Early warning systems for drinking water supply areas
Monitoring of work-place and processes
Air quality control
Supervision of waste combustion plants
Screening for chemicals and drugs
Functionality and set up The Biosensor BIOMEM ® is integrated into a flow injection system
and made up of the following elements:
Biological component - immobilized cell Chara australis.
Transformer - electrodes transducer (electrodes (Ag/AgCl) for
measurement of a difference of electrical potentials on a biological
membrane, electrodes (Pt) for fixing a difference of electrical potentials on
a membrane: patch-clamp a method.
Amplifiers - highly sensitive low noise DC -amplifiers and internal
microprocessor (INTERFACE Lab Jack).
Data processing - external PC computer.
Advantages compared to alternative methods Reliable estimations of risks to the environment and human health
cannot be achieved by measuring single samples of pollutants. Instead it is
necessary to quantify the total effects of the impacts on intact biological
systems.
The essential advantages of the biosensor are:
The registration of environmental pollutants and specification their
total toxic effects on the media air and water. This procedure is rapid and
takes into account the potential effects of all substances contained in the
sample including any possible effects resulting from the combination of
substances.
The permanent monitoring of water for example can be guaranteed.
Also possible is the integration of the biosensor into complex monitoring
networks in air and water, including remote monitoring.
For instance if a sample of drinking water is found by the biosensor to
have a toxic effect, the water-pump or outlet can be closed or switched off
without delay.
Until now the standard procedure involved time consuming chemical
analyses which were carried out following the taking of samples. The
Biosensor BIOMEM ® enables for instance the flow of water to a drinking
water reservoir to be permanently monitored and therefore prevents large
damage.
The main difference of a Biosensor BIOMEM ® is that in this
biosensor the novel effect of <<membrane memory>> is used. By us ( < BIOTOPAGRO, SIC. >) was established, that on the isolated
small site of a biological membrane it is possible to write down, to read and
to erase one bit (0 or 1) information (ADDENDUM 1.).
The storage time of this information and as the temporary
characteristics of this process depends on the factors of external
environment in a solution (pollutants, chemicals and drugs).
It enables effectively to use Biosensor BIOMEM ® with the
purpose screening of chemicals and drugs on biological activity.
Aims and main of research <BIOTOPAGRO, SIC>
The customary practices of investigating individual samples from the
environment do not provide sufficient information about the state of our
environment or possible dangers to human health. Therefore a necessity
exists for continuous analysis methods, for instance by using biosensors to
monitor the environment.
The main attention of our work at the <BIOTOPAGRO, SIC> is the
development and manufacturing of biosensors to continuously assess
environmental toxins. These biosensors will be used to monitor the effects
of harmful substances which are otherwise difficult to estimate.
Biosensor BIOMEM ® is a Biosensor of NEW TYPE.
The main difference of Biosensor BIOMEM ® is that in this
Biosensor the effect of "membrane memory" is used.
It enables effectively to use Biosensor BIOMEM ® with the
purpose screening of chemicals and drugs on biological activity.
ADDENDUM 1.
METHOD AND DEVICE FOR WRITING, DELETING AND STORAGE OF THE
BINARY INFORMATION ON A BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANE
Vladimir Bobrov, Pavel Bobrou, Larisa Panifedova, Tamara Yanchevskaja BIOTOPAGRO SIC., Smolensk, Russia
Keywords: Biosensor, Memory materials, Binary information.
In recent years, applications of memory materials are the most important in electronic
industries such as computers and related apparatuses, video discs, and digital audio discs.
The early memory materials described by the Ovshinsky patents [1,2] could also, if
required, be switched between just the two structural states (high-resistance state and a low-
resistance state) of generally amorphous and generally crystalline local order to
accommodate the storage and retrieval of single bits of encoded binary information.
By us was established, that on the isolated small site of a biological membrane of cell
Chara australis it is possible to write down, to read and to erase one bit (0 or 1) information
(Fig. 1, Fig. 2).
The storage time of this information and as the temporary characteristics of this
process depends on the factors of external environment in a solution (pollutants, chemicals
and drugs).
The new type of a multi-channel digital biosensor grounded on a voltage-clamp
method of recording of the binary information on and reading from biological membrane it
is possible briefly to define so:
A multi-electrode biosensor includes a biological plant cell Chra australis, separated
on a plurality of electrical independent parts, a plurality of working and measuring
electrodes on the same plant cell, and a reference measuring and a reference working
electrodes in one electrical independent part of the plant cells (Fig. 3, 4, 5).
The new generation biologic sensor devices BIOMEM® based on using the biologic
macro molecules (ion channels) to write, store and read information, well be used for
screening of a potential drugs (in particular, neurotransmitter, odorant or flavor).
References
1. S. R. Ovshinsky, US Patent N 3,271,591 (1966)
2. S. R. Ovshinsky, US Patent N 3,530,441 (1970)
Fig. 1 Kinetics of changing a current (J, μA/sm2) getting through the membrane in
conditions voltage-clamp was registered simultaneously with membrane potential
(ψ, mV): T1 – time of reading, T2 – time of writing, T3 – time of storage information.
Fig. 2 From the drawing 2 seen that in 1850 ms (after writing one bit information (read(1))
membrane potential was shifted from the level - 140 mV before to the level
- 210 mV within 550 ms (Т4 - time of deleting information).
Fig. 4 Multi-channel flowing chamber
Fig. 5 WORK STATUON < NanoBioMem® >
1. 2-channel BIOSENSOR
2. 2-channel voltage-clamp potentiostate
3. Internodal cell Chara australis in multi-channel flowing camber
4. Multi-channel valve
5. Peristaltic pump
6. Two channel digital oscilloscope TDS 210 and PC
7. Lab Jack data acquisition